1、Object Clauses Grammar 在复合句中用作宾语的从在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。句叫做宾语从句。学好宾语从句也可为到高中学学好宾语从句也可为到高中学习间接引语、主语从句、表语习间接引语、主语从句、表语从句及同位语从句打下良好的从句及同位语从句打下良好的基础。学习宾语从句并不难，基础。学习宾语从句并不难，只要你能过好下面的三道关：只要你能过好下面的三道关： 第一关第一关选好连接词选好连接词 (也叫关联词也叫关联词):指引导宾语从句的词指引导宾语从句的词连词连词 that: 无词义，不做句子成分。无词义，不做句子成分。只起连接作用只起连接作用, 在口语中或非正式文体中在口
2、语中或非正式文体中常被省略。常被省略。1) He knew (that) he should work hard. 1. 2) I am glad (that) youve passed the exam. 引导宾语从句的连接词引导宾语从句的连接词, 分为四类。分为四类。that用下列情况不可省略用下列情况不可省略1）宾语从句主语是）宾语从句主语是that时。时。He says that that is useful book.2）含有主从复合句时）含有主从复合句时Im afraid that if youve lost it, you must pay for it.3)有两个或多个宾语从句
3、时，除第一个有两个或多个宾语从句时，除第一个that 可省外，可省外，其余都不可省。其余都不可省。He said (that) the film was very interesting and that he enjoyed seeing it very much.2. whether/ if: 意为意为“是否是否”，不作句子成分，但不能，不作句子成分，但不能省略。口语中多用省略。口语中多用 if。例如。例如: Do you know whether/if he will ride here at 8 tomorrow morning？He asked me if/whether Miss
4、Gao was a teacher.注意：作注意：作“是否是否” 解的解的 if 和和 whether 在具体用法上有差别。在具体用法上有差别。Whetheror not,该句中的该句中的whether不能换不能换成成 if, 因为因为 if 不能与不能与 or 连用。连用。He asked me whether or not I was coming. 他问我是否要来。他问我是否要来。介词后只用介词后只用whetherIt depends on whether you can do the work well.3. who, whom, whose, what, which等连接代词等连接代
5、词: 它们起连接作用它们起连接作用, 作句子成分作句子成分, 如主语、宾语、如主语、宾语、定语等。定语等。各有其自己的意义。各有其自己的意义。The teacher asked the new student which class he was in？ （which引导宾语从句引导宾语从句, 在从句在从句中作定语中作定语, 修饰修饰 class, 意为意为“哪个哪个”。）。）Can you tell me whom he is waiting for？4. 连接副词连接副词 when（表时间）（表时间）, where（表地点）（表地点）, why（表原因）（表原因）, how（表方式）（表方
6、式）: 起连接作用起连接作用, 在从句中做状语。在从句中做状语。 I wonder where he got so much money. 对他从哪里弄到那么多钱我感到疑惑。对他从哪里弄到那么多钱我感到疑惑。( where 在从句中作地点状语在从句中作地点状语, 修饰修饰 got, 意为意为“哪里哪里; 什么地方什么地方”。) He didnt tell me how old his friend was (how引导宾语从句引导宾语从句, 作程度状语作程度状语, 修饰修饰old, 意为意为“怎样怎样;如何如何”等意。等意。)第二关第二关牢记宾语从句的语序是陈述句语牢记宾语从句的语序是陈述句语
7、序序, 即即“连接词主语谓语其连接词主语谓语其他他”。特别强调的是：宾语从句的特别强调的是：宾语从句的主语和谓语的语序是陈述句的语主语和谓语的语序是陈述句的语序序,不是疑问句的倒装语序。不是疑问句的倒装语序。 例如例如:1）You must remember what your teacher said2）Dad, do you know when the football game will start？ In half an hour3) 汉译英汉译英: 你能不能告诉我你能不能告诉我, 我们去我们去看望谁？看望谁？误误: Can you tell me who (m) do we have
8、 to see？ 正正: Can you tell me who (m) we have to see？ 易出的错在宾语从句中误用了疑问句的易出的错在宾语从句中误用了疑问句的结构结构主语前加了个助动词主语前加了个助动词do。因为我。因为我们已经习惯了特殊疑问句们已经习惯了特殊疑问句, 如如: What time does the plane arrive in Paris? 就顺口说就顺口说出出“Do you know what time does the plane arrive in Paris?” 这种错误句子来。这种错误句子来。 但是一旦我们注意了但是一旦我们注意了, 我们不久就习我们
9、不久就习惯于说惯于说“Do you know what time the plane arrives in Paris？”了。了。第三关第三关注意时态的呼应。注意时态的呼应。13) 汉译英汉译英:我原以为你今天有空的。我原以为你今天有空的。误误: I thought (that) you are free today. 正正: I thought (that) you would be free today. 宾语从句中谓语动词的时态宾语从句中谓语动词的时态, 常常常常受主句谓语时态的制约受主句谓语时态的制约, 这种现象称为这种现象称为“时态的呼应时态的呼应”。例如：。例如： 错句中宾语从句用
10、错句中宾语从句用 are 很可能是因为很可能是因为有有 today, 但因为主句谓语是但因为主句谓语是thought, 所以从句谓语就该用过去将来时所以从句谓语就该用过去将来时 would be 了。了。 1. 如果主句谓语是现在的某种时态（包如果主句谓语是现在的某种时态（包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时）成时）, 那么宾语从句的时态可根据实那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。际情况而定。I remember he gave me a book yesterday.He has told me that hell leave for New York t
11、omorrow.2. 如果主句时态是过去时如果主句时态是过去时, 宾语从句宾语从句一般要随着改为相应的过去时（即一一般要随着改为相应的过去时（即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时等）。例如过去将来时等）。例如:（1）He thought he was working for the people2) I heard she had been to the Great Wall 3) John hoped that he would find a job soon 3. 但宾语从句如果表示定理法则、永恒但宾语从句如果表示定理法则、永恒真理等真理等,
12、则不变化则不变化(即使主句是过去时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时）：从句也用一般现在时）： 4) The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun 否定转移否定转移在在think, believe, suppose, seem引导的宾语从引导的宾语从句，否定不用再从句中，要否定转移。句，否定不用再从句中，要否定转移。I dont think he will come with you.It doesnt seem that he can do it better.宾语从句简化宾语从句简化宾语从句与主句的主语相同，主句谓语动词
13、是宾语从句与主句的主语相同，主句谓语动词是hope, wish, decide, agree, choose等时，从句可等时，从句可简化成不定式结构。简化成不定式结构。I hope that I can receive your e-mail.=I hope to receive your e-mail.2. 当宾语从句与主句主语相同，主句谓语是当宾语从句与主句主语相同，主句谓语是know, remember, forget, learn时，简化时，简化“疑问疑问词词+不定式不定式”She doesnt know what she would do next.= She doesnt know
14、 what to do next.3. Seem 后宾语从句的简化（后宾语从句的简化（seem有时态变化）有时态变化）It seems that football is very interesting.=Football seems to be very interesting.4. 宾语从句可简化成宾语从句可简化成n.或或n.短语短语I dont believe what Tom said.= I dont believe Toms words.1. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shopkeeper _ Who Moved My Cheese w
15、as an interesting bookA. that B. how C. what D. if 2. I dont know _ Mr. Green will come to see us He will help us with our English A. why B. when C. how D. where 巩固与检测巩固与检测 DA3. We never know _ the old man is. They say he is a teacher. A. what B. who C. which D. where4. I was told _ Bill Gates was t
16、hirteen he began to play with computers A. that how B. how that C. when that D. that when DA5. Do you know _? Im going to see him Sorry, I dont know. A. where does Mr. Li live B. where did Mr. Li live C. where Mr. Li lives D. where Mr. Li lived C6. Where do you think _ he _ the computer？ Sorry, I ha
17、ve no idea A.; bought B. has; bought C. did; buy D. does; buy A7. I dont feel very well. Mum asked me _ this morning. A. what the matter is B. what is wrong C. what the matter was D. what wrong was C8. Where is Jack？ He is away to spend his holiday. Hes gone either to Hangzhou or to Wuhan, but Im not sure _. A. that B. which C. where D. there C
