1、Unit 5Languages around the WorldRestrictive relative clauses Restrictive relative clauses (where, when, why, prep. + which/whom)Fill in the blanks with who/that/which/whom/whose. 1. There were deep cracks _ appeared in the well walls.2. A quake _ caused damage was more than 150 kilometres away in Be
2、ijing.3. Two thirds of the people _ lived there were dead or injured.4. The number of people _ were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000.which/thatwhich/thatwho/thatwho/that5. The army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those _ were trapped and to bury the dead.6. Wor
3、kers built shelters for survivors _ homes had been destroyed.7. China is widely known for its ancient civilisation _ has continued all the way through into modern times, .8. People in modern times can read the classic works _ were written by Chinese in ancient times.which/thatwhich/thatwhowhoseHi, J
4、enny, what kind of teachers do you like best?I like teachers who/that is willing to help students patiently.So who do you admire most? Miss Li, because she is always warm-hearted. Thats the reason why I admire her most.Whats your favorite place at school ?Its the library, because it is a place where
5、 Ican relax myself and enjoy books as well.And what kind of day makes you happy ?Its a day when we have PE class. I like sports a lot.attributive clauses introduced by _ relative pronounsattributive clauseintroduced by _relative adverbsMike is asking his deskmate Jenny about her favorite things of t
6、he school.Observe the circled words. We have learned attributive clauses introduced by relative pronouns in the last unit. Now lets learn attributive clauses introduced by relative adverbs. 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫的从句叫定语从句定语从句。被修饰的名词或代。被修饰的名词或代词叫词叫先行词先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词
7、叫做的后面。引导定语从句的词叫做关系词关系词。 引导定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词有关系代词和关系副词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括，常见的关系代词包括that，which, who, whom和和whose，关系副词，关系副词包括包括where, when, why等。等。先行词关系词定语从句定语从句三要素：定语从句三要素：先行词，关系词，定语从句先行词，关系词，定语从句There are a few students who keep coming to class late. 马马车马车夫.先行词、关系词、定语从句三者的关系：先行词、关系词、定语从句三者的关系： 马先行词
8、马车夫关系词马车定语从句when引导的定语从句修饰表示时间引导的定语从句修饰表示时间(如如time, day, year, occasion, moment.)的先行词的先行词, 在定语从句中作时间状语在定语从句中作时间状语, 相当于相当于“介词介词+关系代词关系代词(which)”。Ill never forget the day when I joined the league.表示时间的先行词表示时间的先行词在定语从句作时间状语在定语从句作时间状语=on which (=on the day)定语从句的关系副词定语从句的关系副词Ill never forget the day _ I f
9、irst went to school.when /on which_ he danced to the Little Apple everyday.There was a time when/during which曾经有一段时间他天天曾经有一段时间他天天跳跳小苹果小苹果。Exercise There are many reasons why people like traveling. 表示原因的先行词表示原因的先行词在定语从句作原因状语在定语从句作原因状语关系副词关系副词why引导的定语从句表示引导的定语从句表示原因原因(先行词一般是先行词一般是reason), 在定语从句中作在定语从句
10、中作原因状语原因状语，相当于，相当于“for which”。=for which (=for the reasons)我不知道她为什么如此迷恋鹿晗。我不知道她为什么如此迷恋鹿晗。Exercise where引导的定语从句修饰表示引导的定语从句修饰表示地点地点(如如place, room, house, area, point, situation, case)的先行词的先行词，在定语从句中作，在定语从句中作地点状地点状语语，相当于，相当于“介词介词+关系代词关系代词(which)”。This is the house where I lived two years ago.表示地点的先行词表示
11、地点的先行词在定语从句作地点状语在定语从句作地点状语=in which (=in the house)That is the place _ they met for the first time. 那就是他们第一次见面那就是他们第一次见面的地方。的地方。where/in which China is the only country_ _中国是唯一一个发现野生中国是唯一一个发现野生大熊猫的国家。大熊猫的国家。where/from which wild pandas can be found. Exercise 2. Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven m
12、ajor states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.uInformation: a location for an event. 小结小结 2 2 where 引导定语从句时，先行词为表引导定语从句时，先行词为表示地点的名词，关系词在从句中作地示地点的名词，关系词在从句中作地点状语。点状语。 Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country.
13、 In that country the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. where 还可用在表示抽象意义的地点名词后，如还可用在表示抽象意义的地点名词后，如situation, stage, point, case, position, condition, activity, scene, occasion等等,意思是意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中到了某种地步，在某种境况中” 。The accident has reached to the point where both their parents
14、are to be called in. 关系副词关系副词Refer toexampleswhere =in/at whichThe school where my son studies is beautiful.when=duringat/in/on whichTheyll never forget July 1 on which Hong Kong returned to its motherland.why= for whichThere are many reasons for which people like traveling.placetimereason注意：此时，介词的选
15、择取决于其与先行词的搭配。注意：此时，介词的选择取决于其与先行词的搭配。指时间，地点或原因的先行词在定语从句中：指时间，地点或原因的先行词在定语从句中：作作状语状语时，用时，用关系副词关系副词when/where/why引导；引导；作主语或宾语作主语或宾语时，用时，用关系代词关系代词which或或that引导。引导。关系副词关系副词与关系代词的区分与关系代词的区分 This is the reason _ I didnt come. The reason _ she gave was not true.why/for whichwhich/thata. This is the place _
16、he works. This is the place _we visited last year.b. That was the time _ he arrived. Do you still remember the time _ we spent together?c. This is the reason _ he went. The reason _ he gave us was quite reasonable.where which/that whenthat /which why/for which that /which Exercise 很多情况下关系副词用很多情况下关系副
17、词用“介词介词which”来代替时来代替时, 其其介词由先行词或定语从句中谓语动词的形式来决定。介词由先行词或定语从句中谓语动词的形式来决定。I shall never forget those years when I lived with her. = I shall never forget those years_I lived with her.This is the house where I lived two years ago.= This is the house _ I lived two years ago. A:The radio says that it will
18、rain tomorrow. B:This is the reason why we put off the match. = This is the reason _we put off the match.during whichin whichfor which3.“介词+关系代词”之介词的选择(1) 与从句中谓语动词的搭配相关与从句中谓语动词的搭配相关 This is the book _ which I spent 10 yuan. This is the book _ which I paid 10 yuan.(2) 与先行词的搭配相关与先行词的搭配相关 Ill never for
19、get the day _ which I won the first prize in the English contest. (3) 与所表达的意义相关与所表达的意义相关 The colorless gas _ which we can not live is called oxygen.onforonwithout关系代词前介词选择三原则关系代词前介词选择三原则一先二动三意义即根据先行词与介词先行词与介词的搭配关系选择根据谓语动词与介词谓语动词与介词的搭配关系选择即根据定语从句的意义定语从句的意义来确定介词注意：注意：1.time用做先行词用做先行词注意注意2. way 作为先行词时，
20、且在定语从句中作为先行词时，且在定语从句中充当充当状语状语时，其定语从句关系词可为：时，其定语从句关系词可为：in which, that, This is a good way in which the problem can be solved. = This is a good way that the problem can be solved. = This is a good way the problem can be solved. 注意注意3. “模糊地点模糊地点”的先行词后跟的先行词后跟where引导的定语从引导的定语从句，先行词可为句，先行词可为point, situat
21、ion, case,conditions, position, stage, scene, spot, activity, family, job另，常见的另，常见的“模糊时间模糊时间”的先行词有的先行词有occasion, stay, interval等，用等，用when来引导定语从句。来引导定语从句。(注意：此时关系词要在定语从句中充当状语）注意：此时关系词要在定语从句中充当状语）The Internet, _ we can search for a large amount of information, has become an indispensable part of many
22、peoples life.Social parties are the occasions _ people can develop their interpersonal relationship. wherewhen用适当的关系词填空用适当的关系词填空（一个）（一个）。1. Do you still remember the first day _ you went to high school? 2. I paid a visit to Fudan University _ my father studied thirty years ago. 3. Do you know the re
23、al reason _ Anne didnt go to the get-together?4. Tomorrow I will bring here the magazine for _ you asked.5. Peter put himself in a situation _ he had to leave the company. 6. There was a time _ my daughter was crazy about pop music. 7. The restaurant _ I have eaten a wonderful meal is going to close
24、 down.8. There are two main reasons _ this situation has been allowed to continue.whenwherewhywhichwherewhenwherewhy1. This is our school _ we study and make friends. 2.The most unforgettable school activity is the English speech contest, _we had great fun.3.We will put off the picnic in the park un
25、til next week, _ the weather may be better.4.There are many reasons _ people learn a foreign language.= in whichwhere = in which where when=in whichwhy=for which答案不止一个答案不止一个。 Look at these sentences and underline the restrictive relative clauses? What kind of information does each clause communicate
26、?11. It was a time when people were divided geographically.2. Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.3.There are many reasons why this has been possible.4. These are animals bones and shells on whi
27、ch symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people.1. As it was a time when people were divided geographically. 2. Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.先行词为先行词为time，when在从句中做时间状语在从句中做时间状语先行词为先行词为co
28、untry，where在从句中做地点状语在从句中做地点状语3.There are many reasons why this has been possible.4. These are animals bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people.先行词为先行词为reason，why在从句中做原在从句中做原因状语因状语先行词为先行词为animal bones and shells，on which 表示在从句中表示地点状语表示在从句中表示地点状语 Fill in the table to com
29、plete each phrase with a restrictive relative clause. Then use the phrases to make complete sentences. 2P 641. the day when the day when we spent time together The day when we spent time together is gone. 2. the reason whythe reason why I was late for schoolThe teacher didnt believe the reason why I
30、 was late for school.3. the place where the place where we worked 10 years ago The place where we worked 10 years ago is being rebuilt now. 4. the place/time in/at whichthe place in which I have lived since childhoodThis is the place in which I have lived since childhood. I will never forget the tim
31、e at which I lived in the country with my grandparents. the time at which I lived in the country with my grandparentsComplete the passage with the correct relative adverbs or pronouns. Add a preposition where necessary.P64 3 When I started studying German, it was a struggle. The words felt strange o
32、n my tongue, and the grammar would not stay in my head. I told my mum that I wanted to give up, and that I would never live in a country _ German was spoken. My mum told me that studying a language was not just for my future. It was exercise for the brain; the more I learnt of a language, the more m
33、y brain would grow. And I remember that day _ suddenly felt like German was no longer a foreign language. It felt like my brain had doubled in size. I had finally come to a place _ I could think in this foreign language, and I could see the world from a diferent point of view. I felt as if I had reached the goal _ I had been fighting for. I could open a book and see meanings, not just a sea of words. I finally understood the reason _ my mum had encouraged me not to give up. Thanks, Mum!where/in whichwhen/on whichwhere/at whichwhich/thatwhy/for which
