1、概念概念:在复合句中修饰名词或代词在复合句中修饰名词或代词 的句子的句子. (Attributive clause)Mary is a beautiful girl.Mary is a girl who has long hair.形容词作定语形容词作定语句子作定语句子作定语,修饰修饰girl, 叫做叫做定语从句定语从句1.The man is a farmer.2.The man is speaking at the meeting.合并句子合并句子: : The man who is speaking at the meeting is a farmer.Mary is a girl.Ma
2、ry has long hair.合并为一个句子合并为一个句子Mary is a girl who has long hair.先行词先行词关系词关系词定语从句定语从句Mary is a girl who has long hair.关系关系代词代词关系副词关系副词which, who, whom, whose, thatWhere, when 定语从句的用法定语从句的用法: :当先行词是物时当先行词是物时, , 用用which 或或that引导引导. .These are the trees which were planted last year.当先行词是人时当先行词是人时, , 用用w
3、ho, whom, whose, that引导引导.who, whom, whose, that用法区别用法区别.who 作定语从句的作定语从句的主语或宾语主语或宾语. The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker.The man is a worker.The man is speaking at the meeting.分解分解作主语作主语Whom 作定语从句的作定语从句的宾语宾语 The woman whom they wanted to visit is a teacher.The woman is a teacher.They
4、wanted to visit the woman.分解分解作宾语作宾语whose 作定语从句的作定语从句的定语定语. I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.分解分解I know the girl.The girls mother is a teacher.作定语作定语that 可以作定语从句的可以作定语从句的主语和宾语主语和宾语.注意注意: : 关系代词作动词宾语时可关系代词作动词宾语时可 省略省略. . The woman (whom/ that) they wanted to visit is a teacher.下列情况只能用下列情况只能用
5、that1.1.当序数词或形容词最高级当序数词或形容词最高级修饰先修饰先行词时。行词时。 eg. Tom is the cleverest boy that I have ever known.2. 当先行词是指物的当先行词是指物的 little,few,much,any,all,anything,something,nothing,none,the one, everything, 等不定代词时。等不定代词时。eg. Everything we saw in the film was OK.eg. All that I can do has been done. 3.当先行词被all,lit
6、tle,few,much,any,every,no等修饰时 eg. I have eaten all the food that is left.4. 当先行词是There be 句型中的主语且指物时。 eg. There is little work that is fit for you. 没有什么工作适合你做。5.当先行词同时包括人或物时。 eg. We often talk about the people and the things that we are interested in. 我们常常谈论我们感兴趣的人或事。6.当主句是who或which时。 eg. Who is the
7、 girl that has black long hair? eg .Which is the pen that you bought?7.当先行词作主句的表语时。eg .China is not the country that used to. 中国不再是过去那样的国家。eg .Its a sunny day that we are longing for. 这就是我们所渴望的晴天。8.当先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last等修饰时。eg. This is the very beautiful girl that Im looking fo
8、r. 这正是我一直在寻找的漂亮女孩.eg. Thats the only thing that I can do now.eg. You are the last person that I meet here. 你是我在这儿遇见的最后一个人。1. I have a friend _ likes listening to classical music.who/thatwhich/thatwhose3. The man _ leg broke in a match used to be a football player.2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the n
9、ew dress _ I gave her.4. My parents live in a house_ is more than 100 years old.5. The boy with _ John spoke is my brother.which/thatwhom6. Kevin is reading a book _ is too difficult for him.which/that7. Is there anything _ you want to buy in the town.8.All _ we can do is to study hard.9. The first
10、one _ stands up is a little boy.thatthatthat1.这就是救了那个孩子命的医生这就是救了那个孩子命的医生.This is the doctor who saved the boys life.2.正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔.The man who is running is my uncle.3. 我喜欢可以随之而唱的音乐我喜欢可以随之而唱的音乐. I like the music that I can sing along with.4. 住在隔壁的那个女的是一名教师住在隔壁的那个女的是一名教师. The woman who
11、lives next door is a teacher. 修饰物体时关系代词that和 which的区分 使用that的情况： 1、当先行词是nothing, something, anything, all, each等不定代词时。 eg. Do you have anything that is important to l me? 2、当先行词被all, any, some, no, not, every, each等修饰时。 eg. I have some books that are very good. 3、当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词所修饰时。 eg. This is the
12、 first book that I bought myself. The biggest bird that I caught is this bird. 4、当先行词被the very, the last, the next, the only 等词修饰时。 eg. This is the very book that I lost yesterday. 5、当先行词又有人又有物时。 eg. I wont forget the things and the persons that I saw. 只能使用which的情况。 1、非限制性定语从句中。 eg. Mary has a book,
13、 which is very precious. 2、在介词之后。 eg. This is a house in which lives an old man. 3、当主句中的主语被that修饰时。 eg. That dog which I found in the street belongs to Mary. 修饰人时关系代词that 和who, whom的区分。当主句中的主语是who时，只能用that。 eg. Who is the girl that is standing over there?在非限制性定语从句中以及介词后面时只能用who 或者whom。 eg. I have a
14、son, who is really lovely and interesting. There are 40 students in the class, most of whom are boys.关系代词whose既能修饰人，也能修饰物，在定语从句中充当定语，修饰先行词。 eg. She is the girl whose English sounds very beautiful. Mary has a very good dog, whose hair turns out white and black. 关系副词when, where和关系代词that, which的区分。同样是修
15、饰一个地点，有时使用where，有时使用that/which；同样是修饰一个时间，有时使用when， 有时使用that/which。这主要看两点：一是定语从句是否完整；二是定语从句中的谓语动词是否是一个及物动词。请比较以下句子： This is the park that we visited last year. This is the park where we held a birthday party. She wont forget the days that she spent on the island. She wont forget the days when they st
16、ayed together. Thats the date when we went to the college. Thats the date that she wont forget for ever. I like the time when we lived together. I like the time that we had together. Consolidation exercises. Fill in the blanks with suitable relative pronouns. 1. This is the only book _ I got last ye
17、ar. 2. Is this the book in _ you are interested? 3. This is the largest animal _ Tom saw in the zoo. 4. Rose still remembers the trees and teachers_ exist (存在)in the mother school. 5. All the desks _ are bought look really wonderful. 6. Do you have any money _is used to build the factory? 7. Tom has
18、 a toy, _ was given by his father. 8. This is the second watch _ my father bought for me. Exercises : Fill in the blanks with appropriate relative pronouns and adverbs. 1. Is this the room _ you cleaned last time? 2. Is this the room _ we lived before? 3. This is the garden _ they stayed for a night
19、. 4. This is the garden _ they visited last time. 5. Tom has forgotten the day _ he left his home. 6. Tom has forgotten the day _ I told him last day. 7. She still remembers the year _ she found her first job. 8. She still remembers the year _ she spent in Jining.thatwherewherethatwhenthatwhenthat E
20、xercises : Fill in the blanks with appropriate relative pronouns and adverbs. 1. Is this the room _ you cleaned last time? 2. Is this the room _ we lived before? 3. This is the garden _ they stayed for a night. 4. This is the garden _ they visited last time. 5. Tom has forgotten the day _ he left hi
21、s home. 6. Tom has forgotten the day _ I told him last day. 7. She still remembers the year _ she found her first job. 8. She still remembers the year _ she spent in Jining.thatwherewherethatwhenthatwhenthat Comprehensive exercises. Fill in the blanks with the suitable relative pronouns or the relat
22、ive adverbs. 1. Is this the room _ we spent our childhood? 2. This dictionary is the second one _ I bought in the shop. 3. I still remember the date _ I went to Nanjing for the first time. 4. Tom is thinking about the grass and the persons _ he saw in the yard. 5. There are 100 old men in the street, some of _ are drinking tea. 6. Do you know the days _ you spent on English? 7. All the books _are on the shelf belong to Mary. 8. Are you satisfied with the park _ you visited last time? 9. _ we all know, the building will soon be destroyed. 10. I have the same book _ she has.
