1、The use of “it” (1)The use of “it” (1)Unit 3 GrammarUnit 3 Grammar人教课标选修人教课标选修高二上高二上The use of “it”一、一、 用作人称代词用作人称代词, 代表前面提到的人或事物代表前面提到的人或事物1) Whos it? _ me.2) Look at the picture. _ is a picture of our school.ItsIt二、用于代替指示代词二、用于代替指示代词this 和和that。-Is this jacket yours?-Yes, _ is.it三、用以表示时间、距离、天气、气候、
2、三、用以表示时间、距离、天气、气候、 季节、环境等季节、环境等1) It is half past eight now.2) Its only half an hours walk from here to our school.3) I hope that it will be fine tomorrow.4) It has rained much this year.5) Its spring now.6) Its quiet here.TimeDistanceWeatherClimateSeasonCircumstance替代作主语的替代作主语的动词不定式、动词不定式、动名词、动名词、从
3、句、从句、, 而把真正作主语的动词不定式、动而把真正作主语的动词不定式、动名词、名词、从句从句置于句尾。置于句尾。四、四、it 用作形式主语用作形式主语1. 代作主语的动词不定式代作主语的动词不定式1) It be adj. (for sb.) to do sth.此处此处adj. 通常为通常为描述事件描述事件的形容词的形容词: easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, possible, impossible, likely, unlikely, right, wrong, important, unimportant, legal, il
4、legal, well-mannered, ill-mannered, polite, impolite, clear, obvious, certain, suitable, proper, fit, useful，useless, dangerouseg: It is illegal (for a teenager) to drive a car without a license.2) It be adj. of sb. to do sth.此处此处adj. 通常为通常为描述人描述人的形容词的形容词: kind, unkind, nice, rude, cruel, considerat
5、e, thoughtful, thoughtless, careful, careless, silly, foolish, stupid, clever, wise, crazy.eg:Its kind of you to help me with the problem.Its no good/use doingIts (well) worth doingIts (well) worth ones while doing/to doIts (well) worthwhile doing/ to doeg:覆水难收覆水难收Its no use crying over spilt milk.3
6、) It替代作主语的动名词的常见句型替代作主语的动名词的常见句型Talk about the following pictures, using It is no use/good doing sth 做做没有用没有用/不好不好It is fun doing sth 做做很有趣很有趣还想跑？还想跑？甭想！甭想！想追我想追我?没门没门！2. it作形式主语替代主语从句作形式主语替代主语从句It is clear ( obvious, true, possible, certain ) that .该句型中该句型中it 是形式主语是形式主语, 真正的主语是真正的主语是that 引导的引导的主语从句
7、主语从句, 常译为常译为“清楚清楚(显然显然, 真的真的)”, 是主语是主语从句最常见的一种结构。从句最常见的一种结构。e.g. It is very clear that hes round and tall like a tree. It is adj. + clause It is said (reported/ learned/believed/thought/known/told/hoped.) that . 该句型中的该句型中的it 仍是形式主语仍是形式主语, 真正主语是真正主语是that 引导的主语从句引导的主语从句; 该结构常译为该结构常译为“据说据说(据报道据报道, 据悉据悉
8、)”。It is said that he has come to Beijing.It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit.It is v-ed that=sb./sth. is said to do to be doing to have done It is + noun + 从句从句 It is a pity (a shame /an honor /a good thing/a fact /a surprise/. ) that . 该句型中该句型中, that后的从句一般用虚拟语气后的从句一
9、般用虚拟语气(should + 动词原形动词原形), should可省去。表示可省去。表示出乎意料出乎意料, 常译为常译为“竟然竟然”。没有这种意义时没有这种意义时, 则不用虚拟语气。如：则不用虚拟语气。如：It is a pity that such a thing (should) happen in your class. 这种事这种事竟然竟然发生在你们班上发生在你们班上, 真是遗憾！真是遗憾！It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了他生病了, 真遗憾！真遗憾！五、五、it作形式宾语作形式宾语 当复合宾语中的宾语是当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、动名词、宾不定式、动
10、名词、宾语从句语从句时时, 往往把宾语放在它的补足语后面，往往把宾语放在它的补足语后面，而用而用it 作形式宾语作形式宾语, 放在宾语补足语之前。放在宾语补足语之前。 该句型中的该句型中的it 作形式宾语作形式宾语, 常用的动词有常用的动词有think, believe, make, find, consider, feel等。等。 I think it no use arguing with him.我认为和他争吵没有用。我认为和他争吵没有用。I found it very interesting to study English.我发现学英语非常有趣。我发现学英语非常有趣。He made
11、it clear that he was not interested in this subject.他非常清楚地表示他对那门学科不感兴趣。他非常清楚地表示他对那门学科不感兴趣。 n动词动词+it+to sb.+thatowe it to sb that把把归功于归功于n leave it to sb that 把把 留给某人去做留给某人去做n take it for granted that 把把想当然想当然n keep it in mind that 把把记在心里记在心里nDont bother to tidy your room. Just leave it to me to do.n
12、He took it for granted that his girlfriend would come back again.n动词动词+it+that/when/ifn（enjoy, like, love, dislike, appreciate, hate, dont mind, be fond of, feel like, see to/depend on/insist onnI hate it when people speak with a mouthful of food.nI appreciate it if you could give me a hand.nPlease
13、see to it that all the doors are shut.nmake it a rule thatnHe makes it a rule that he gets up before dawn.六、用于强调句型中六、用于强调句型中It + be+被强调部分被强调部分 + that/who(a person)从句从句I met Tom in the park yesterday.1) It was I who met Tom in the park yesterday.2) It was Tom who I met in the park yesterday.3) It was
14、 in the park that I met Tom yesterday.4) It was yesterday that I met Tom in the park.It was five oclock _ I got home.It was at five oclock _ I got home.whenthatIt is not until + 被强调部分被强调部分 + that . 该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语, 译成汉语译成汉语 “直到直到才才”, 可以说是可以说是not . until . 的强调形式。如的强调形式。如: 原句：
15、原句： I didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.强调句：强调句：It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. 倒装句：倒装句：Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star. 1) It was not _ she took off
16、 her dark glasses _ I realized she was a famous film star. (92)A. when, that B. until, when C. until, that D. when, then2) It was not until _ that _ to prepare his lessons. (91)A. did his father come in, the boy beganB. did his father come in, did the boy beginC. his father came in, did the boy begi
17、nD. his father came in, the boy beganCD七、七、it 常用的固定搭配常用的固定搭配 1. make it1)在口语当中相当于在口语当中相当于succeed, 表示表示: 成功、成功、做到、说定、赶上、及时到达做到、说定、赶上、及时到达 如如: Its hard to make it to the top in show business.在演艺界要想登峰造极是很困难的。在演艺界要想登峰造极是很困难的。2) 在口语中相当于在口语中相当于fix the date for, 表示表示“约定好时间约定好时间” 如如: Shall we meet next week
18、?OK. We just make it next Saturday.2. take it/things easy 相当于相当于Dont worry or dont hurry. 用来劝告用来劝告别人别人, 表示表示“不要慌不要慌, 别担心别担心, 沉住气沉住气”Take it easy！He will do it well.3. It all depends/that all depends 在口语中在口语中, 相当于相当于it hasnt been decided yet, 表示表示“那那得看情况得看情况, 还没有定下来还没有定下来”Are you going to the country
19、side for holiday?It/That all depends.4. Its up to sb. 在口语中在口语中, 相当于相当于its decided by sb. 表示表示“由由决定决定, 由由负负责责, 取决于取决于” Shall we go out for dinner？ Its up to you. It is never too old to learn. 活到老活到老, 学到老。学到老。 It is easier to fall than to rise. 摔倒容易爬起来难。摔倒容易爬起来难。It never rains but it pours(泼水泼水). 不鸣则已
20、不鸣则已, 一鸣惊人。一鸣惊人。 It is easy to open a shop but hard to keep it always open. 创业容易守业难。创业容易守业难。 It takes three generations (代代) to make a gentleman. 十年树木十年树木, 百年树人。百年树人。Proverbs(谚语谚语) with “It”Individual activity高考链接高考链接1. He didnt make _ clear when and where the meeting would be held. (天津天津2007) A. th
21、is B. that C. it D. these 2. _ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy. (浙江浙江2006)A. As B. ThatC. This D. ItCD3. The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but _ didnt help. (2005全国全国)A. it B. she C. which D. he4. Id appre
22、ciate _ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. (山东山东2006)A. thatB. it C. this D. youAB5. It was _ he came back from Africa that year_ he met the girl he would like to marry. (江西江西2009)A. when; then B. not; untilC. not until; that D. olny, when6. It was along the Missippi River _Mark
23、Twain spent much of hid childhood.(天津天津2008)A. how B. which C. that D. whereC C 改错改错1.You wont find difficult to get to the city center. (2004全国全国)2. I know there is not easy to be a teacher. (2004湖北湖北)3. This is not surprising that the Silver Ghost was regarded as “the best car in the world”.find后加
24、后加itthere itThis ItTell the function of “it”:1.Its difficult to remember all their names.2. Its very quiet in the caf. 3. It rained for three days.4. He made it clear that he didnt want to speak to me.5. It was nice to meet you. 形式主语形式主语, 代替代替CircumstanceWeather形式宾语形式宾语, 代替代替形式主语形式主语, 代替代替6. It was
25、on Tuesday that Smith came.7. Its three miles from here to the nearest garage.8. A tall man stood up and shook hands. It was captain Lawrie.9. I hear you bought a new bike. Can you show it to me?用于强调句型中用于强调句型中Distance人称代词人称代词, 代表前面提到的人代表前面提到的人人称代词人称代词, 代表前面提到的物代表前面提到的物10. It was five oclock when we
26、got back home yesterday.11. It was dirty and wet below the ship where the slaves were kept. 12. It was on this coast that lots of his people disappeared. 13. It was most likely that one third of them had lost their lives.TimeCircumstance用于强调句型用于强调句型作引导词作引导词, 在句中作形式主语在句中作形式主语, 代替后面的从句代替后面的从句1. Im sti
27、ll fit enough to cycle 20 kilometers in an afternoon. That is amazing. It is amazing that I am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometers in an afternoon.2. My father has quit smoking. That is wonderful. It is wonderful that my father has quit smoking.Rewrite the following sentences, using “Its that”.3
28、. You could suffer from bad health if you keep smoking. ( It is likely). It is likely that you could suffer from bad health if you keep smoking.4. China produces one third of the worlds cigarettes. It is reported. It is reported that China produces one third of the worlds cigarettes.5. Bird flu (禽流感
29、禽流感) hit China again. That is known to us. It is known to us that bird flu(禽流感禽流感) hit China again.6. Li Yuchun got more than one million yuan for the advertisement. People say that. It is said that Li Yuchun got more than one million Yuan for the advertisement. 7. Some young people think that they
30、look attractive when they smoke. It seems that It seems that some young people think they look attractive when they smoke.1. 是到戒烟的时候了。是到戒烟的时候了。(quit) It is time to quit smoking. 2. 让人惊讶的是在我这个年纪我依然让人惊讶的是在我这个年纪我依然 这么健康。这么健康。(It is amazing that.) It is amazing that at my age I am still so fit.It is a l
31、ittle difficult for adolescents to become accustomed to a new enviroment.3. 一旦你吸烟上了瘾一旦你吸烟上了瘾, 你会发现要把它戒掉你会发现要把它戒掉 很难。很难。(addict. to;tough) Once you are addicted to smoking, you will find it tough to give it up.4. 青少年要适应新的环境有点难。青少年要适应新的环境有点难。 (adolescent; accustom.to)Homework1. Finish exercise 2 on page 21: Rewrite the sentences.2. Revise and master the use of it.3. Preview the Reading: HIV/AIDS: Are you at risk?
