Unit 1- Unit 5重点知识点讲解 -（2019）新人教版高中英语高一必修第二册.rar

1. creativelyadv. 创造性地；有创意地creative adj. 创造性的；有创造力的；有创意的creativity n. 创造力；创造性例句(1)She solved the problem creatively.她创造性地解决了那个问题。(2)Shes very creativeshe writes poetry and paints.她极富创造力，既赋诗又作画。(3)American art reached a peak of creativity in the 1950s and 1960s.美国艺术在二十世纪五六十年代达到了一次创作顶峰。2. preservevt. 保存；保护；维持n. 保护区(1)preserve sb./sth. (from sth.) 保护免遭伤害preserve sth. for 为而保存/保留某物be well preserved 保存得很好(2)keep sth. in preserveput sth. on preserve 保存/保留某物(3)preservationist n. 文物保护者；环境保护者例句(1)The government preserves the rights of the individual person.政府保护个人的权利不受侵犯。(2)It is one of the duties of the police to preserve public order.警察的职责之一是维持公共秩序。(3)Pantanal is one of the worlds greatest wildlife preserves.潘塔纳尔是世界上最大的野生动物保护区之一。(4)People should preserve/protect children from being hurt.人们应该保护儿童免于受伤害。(5)The house fell into disrepair but a group of preservationists have reconstructed the roofs.这座房子年久失修，但一群古建筑保护者已翻盖了房顶。辨析preserve主要指为防止损害、变质等而保存，使不受破坏，能长久保存下去。The ancient Egyptiants knew ways to preserve dead bodies from decay.古埃及人懂得保存尸体的方法，使其避免腐烂。reserve指事先预留下来以备后用。也可用于“预订”房间、票、座位等。 （强调提前/事先）Dont take the seats in the first three rows, which are reserved for guests.前三排座位不要坐人，是留给客人坐的。3. promotevt. 促进；提升；推销；晋级(1)get/be promoted to . 被提升到职位(2)promotion n. 晋升get a promotion 得到提升例句(1)The band has gone on tour to promote their new album.这个乐队已开始巡回宣传他们的新唱片。(2)He was promoted to captain.他被提升为上尉。(3)His promotion means a raise in salary.他的升职意味着加薪。4. applicationn. 申请(表)；用途；运用；应用(程序)(1)make an application (to sb.) for sth. (向某人)申请(2)apply vi. 适用，适合；申请，请求vt. 应用，使用apply to 适用于apply (to .) for . (向)申请apply . to . 把应用于apply oneself to sth./to doing sth. 专心从事；致力于(3)applicant n. 申请人例句(1)The producers should pay attention to the application of new technology to production.生产者应该注意新技术在生产中的应用。(2)The district council agreed with the objectors and turned down the application.区议会同意反对者的意见，拒绝了这一申请。(3)I made an application to the club for membership.我申请加入该俱乐部。(4)All teachers should apply themselves to the teaching cause.所有的教师都应当致力于教育事业。5. take part in参加have a/an . part/role in 在中起作用，在中扮演角色play the part/role of . 演的角色for my part 就我而言for the most part 通常，多半例句(1)He took part in the composition contest and won a prize.他参加作文比赛并得了奖。(2)The contributors are, for the most part, professional scientists.投稿者大多是专业科学家。(3)They appealed to women to take an active part in the work.他们呼吁妇女积极参加这项工作。注意part 前若有修饰语，则要加不定冠词，如 take an active part in6. The volunteers also visit middle schools in the area in order to talk to local teenagers.为了和当地的青少年谈话，志愿者也拜访了这个地区的中学。“为了”表达方式：in order that .so as to .so that .例句(1)He got up early in order not to miss the early bus.他很早起床，以免错过早班车。(2)She arrived early in order that/so that she could get a good seat.She arrived early in order to get a good seat.她提早到达，目的是得到一个好座位。注意(1)in order to 既可置于句首，又可置于句中；而 so as to 只可置于句中，不可置于句首。另外， in order to/so as to 的否定形式为 in order not to/so as not to。(2) 表达“为了” “目的是”也可用 in order that/so that . 引导目的状语从句，从句中谓语动词前常带有 may, might, can, could 等情态动词。Reading and Thinking 1. There comes a time when the old must give way to the new, and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future.新旧更替的时代已经到来，在走向未来的过程中，我们不可能将过去的一切都保存下来。there comes a time 是 there is a time 的变体，或者是 a time comes there 的倒装，意思是“一个时间/时刻/时代到了” 。句中 a time 意为“一段时间、某个时间” ；when 后面的句子为定语从句，先行词为 a time。(1)There is a time when . 有一段时间；This was a time when . 这是一个的时期。(2)It/This/That is the first/second/last time that . “这/那是第一次/第二次/最后一次” ，that从句的谓语动词用现在完成时。如果 is 改为 was，则 that 从句的谓语动词用过去完成时，that 可以省略。例句(1)There comes a time when you have to be alone.总有那么一个时候你只能一个人待着。(2)There was a time when Zhang Yi and I were good friends, but now we are like strangers.曾有一段时间，我和张毅是好朋友，但现在我们就像陌生人。(3)This was a time when he often quarrelled with his wife.这是一个他经常和他妻子吵架的时期。(4)This is the first time that I have been to Guilin.这是我第一次去桂林。(5)It was the second time that I had met such a kind man.这是我第二次遇见这么好的一个人。2. give way to让步；屈服；让路；被代替give up 放弃give sth. up to 把某物让给(献给)give away 泄露(机密)；暴露；分发(奖品等)；捐赠give in (to) (向)屈服，(向)让步give off 发出(光、热、气味等)give out 分发；用尽例句(1)You should always give way to pedestrians at a zebra crossing.在斑马线上你必须给行人让路。(2)He gave up his job and started traveling around the world.他放弃了工作，开始环游世界。(3)Rotten eggs give off a bad smell.臭蛋散发出难闻的气味。(4)They stood there, giving out the leaflets to the passersby.他们站在那里，向过路人散发传单。3. lead to导致lead sb. to . 带领某人通往；引导某人去lead sb. to do sth. 使得某人做某事lead a . life 过着的生活lead the way 带路lead sb. by the nose 牵着某人的鼻子走in the lead 领先；处于领先地位take the lead 带头；领先例句(1)Laziness led to his failure, while hard work led to his brothers success.懒惰导致了他的失败，而努力工作使他弟弟成功了。(2)With him leading the way, we got there without any difficulty. But for him, we would have been lost, which would lead to serious consequences. His action led us to believe that he was our true friend.有他带路，我们毫不费力地到达了那里。要不是他，我们就可能迷路了，这会导致严重的后果。他的行为使我们相信他是我们真正的朋友。注意“引起，导致，造成”的表达方式还有：result in，contribute to，bring about，cause 等。4. likelyadj. 可能的adv. 可能地(1)be likely to do sth. 可能做某事(2)It is likely that . 有可能例句(1)These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse.这些发展，可能使得我们现在的骚扰电话问题变得更加糟糕。(2)Its more than likely that the thieves dont know how much it is worth.盗贼很可能不知道此物的价值。辨析possible表示客观上潜在的可能性，不能用人作主语。常用于 It is possible to do sth.或 It is possible that . 结构probable表示可能性很大，是依据实际或逻辑进行的合理猜测。不能用人作主语。常用于 It is probable to do sth.或 It is probable that . 结构中likely表达的可能性比 possible 强，比 probable 弱，通常表示某种行为的发生或状态的出现是预料之中的。主语可以是人或事物例句(3)It isnt remotely possible that you will be chosen to go.挑选你去的可能性并非很小。(4)It is probable that the disease has a genetic element.这种疾病很可能有遗传因素。5. preventv. 阻止；妨碍；阻挠(1)阻止干某事prevent+宾语+(from) doingstop+宾语+(from) doingkeep+宾语+from doing(2)protect . from/against .保护不受侵袭（from 后接能带来上海或损害之物）例句(1)Nothing can prevent/stop/keep their plans from being carried out.什么都不能阻止他们的计划实施。(2)Nothing can prevent/stop us going swimming.什么也阻挡不了我们去游泳。(3)They were stopped/prevented/kept from entering the burning building.他们被拦在了燃烧的大楼外面。注意prevent/stop sb. from doing 中 from 可以省略；keep sb. from doing 中 from 不可以省略。但用于被动语态中时，三个短语中的 from 都不能省略。6. lossn. 丧失；损失(1)suffer great/heavy/huge losses 遭受巨大的损失at a loss 困惑，不知所措(2)lose v. 丢失；丧失，失去；输掉；错过(机会)(3)lost adj. 迷路的；丢失的be lost in thought 陷入沉思例句(1)The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. 在那些树木遭到极度缺水的地区，大树的减少是很严重的。(2)He suffered a temporary loss of memory.他暂时丧失了记忆。(3)The death of the novelist means a great loss to the country.这位小说家的去世对这个国家来说是一个巨大的损失。(4)He is always at a loss what to say in front of strangers.他在陌生人面前总是不知要说什么。7. contributionn. 捐款；贡献；捐赠(1)make a contribution (contributions) to . 为作出贡献(2)contribute vi.& vt. 捐献；捐助；(为报纸、杂志、电台或电视节目)撰稿contribute . to . 捐献；捐助contribute to . 有助于；导致例句(1)He made a very positive contribution to the overall success of the project.他对项目的全面成功作出了非常积极的贡献。(2)I often contribute (articles) to the magazine.我经常给这本杂志撰写稿件。(3)Tom contributes $5 to the charity every payday.汤姆每逢发薪日都给慈善机构捐 5 美元。(4)The construction of a highway will contribute to the development of the county.建公路有助于这个县的发展。(5)Does smoking contribute to lung cancer?吸烟会导致肺癌吗？8. donatev. (尤指向慈善机构)捐赠；赠送；献(血)(1)donate . to . 向捐赠(2)donator n. 捐赠者；赠送者 donation n. 捐赠；捐赠物；赠送give/make/present a donation to . 捐赠给例句(1)Many people offered to donate blood and skin for the badly burnt worker.很多人主动提出为那个严重烧伤的工人献血献皮。(2)This has led companies and individuals to donate money to developing countries to buy computer equipment and Internet facilities. 这使得公司和个人给发展中国家捐款来购买电脑和网络设备。(3)Shes too mean to make a donation.她很吝啬，不肯捐款。(4)They present regular donations to charity.他们定期向慈善机构捐赠。9. Not only had the countries found a path to the future that did not run over the relics of the past, but they had also learnt that it was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow.这些国家不仅仅发现了一条不以牺牲古迹为代价的未来发展之路，也认识到了多国同心协力创造美好未来的可能性。not only .but also .结构中，有时为了强调，可将 not only 置于句首，此时其后的句子通常要用部分倒装的形式。倒装的时候，not only倒装，but also正常语序。 (1)not only . but also . 意为“不但而且” ，用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分，着重强调后者。(2)当 not only . but also . 连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数原则上与其相邻近的主语保持一致。(3)当 not only . but also . 连接两个分句时，not only 若位于句首，not only 所在的句子要部分倒装，but also 后面的分句不倒装。(4)not only 只能连用，而 but also 即可以连用，也可以分开用，also 也可以省略。例句(1)Not only has she been late for three times, but she has also done no work.她不仅迟到了 3 次，而且还没干一点活。(2)We go there not only in winter but also in summer.我们不仅冬天去那儿，而且夏天也去。(3)Hes not only very fast, but hes also got marvellous technique.他不仅非常快，而且技术高超。(4)Not only you but (also) Jim is to blame for this.这件事不但怪你也怪吉姆。10. attemptn. & vt. 企图；试图；尝试(1)试图做某事make an attempt to do sth.make an attempt at (doing) sth.at the/ones first attempt 第一次尝试(2)attempt to do sth. 试图做某事例句(1)I made an attempt to convince her to change her mind, but I failed completely.我试图说服她改变主意，但全然不起作用。(2)To my surprise, she passed the driving test at the first attempt.令我惊奇的是，她一次就通过了驾照考试。(3)I attempted to speak, but was told to keep quiet.我试图发言，但被告知保持安静。11. worthwhileadj. 值得做的；值得花时间的例句(1)President Xis trip to Korea last week seemed to have been worthwhile.习主席上周的朝鲜之行似乎是值得的。(2)Our problem is finding worthwhile work for people to do, not finding workers to produce the goods we consume.我们的问题是找到值得人们去做的工作，不是找工人去生产我们消费的商品。辨析worth作表语，不用于名词前sth. is worth+n./pron./doing. 某事值得It is worth doing sth. 做某事是值得的worthy作定语修饰名词时表示“值得尊敬的，值得敬仰的” ，通常置于名词前；作表语时表示“值得（或应得）的”sth. is worthy of+sth. 某事值得sth. is worthy+of being done/to be done. 某事值得做worthwhile表示“值得花时间（或精力、努力等）的；值得做的” ，可作表语和定语Its worthwhile doing/do to sth. 值得做某事例句The suggestion he came up with was worth consideration/considering.=The suggestion he came up with was worthy of consideration/being considered.=The suggestion he came up with was worthy to be considered.=It is worth considering the suggestion he came up with.=It is worthwhile to consider/considering the suggestion he came up with.他提出的这个建议值得考虑。Listening and Talking 1. There comes a time when the old must give way to the new, and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future.新旧更替的时代已经到来，在走向未来的过程中，我们不可能将过去的一切都保存下来。there comes a time 是 there is a time 的变体，或者是 a time comes there 的倒装，意思是“一个时间/时刻/时代到了”。句中 a time 意为“一段时间、某个时间”；when 后面的句子为定语从句，先行词为 a time。(1)There is a time when . 有一段时间；This was a time when . 这是一个的时期。(2)It/This/That is the first/second/last time that . “这/那是第一次/第二次/最后一次”，that 从句的谓语动词用现在完成时。如果 is 改为 was，则 that 从句的谓语动词用过去完成时，that 可以省略。例句(1)There comes a time when you have to be alone.总有那么一个时候你只能一个人待着。(2)There was a time when Zhang Yi and I were good friends, but now we are like strangers.曾有一段时间，我和张毅是好朋友，但现在我们就像陌生人。(3)This was a time when he often quarrelled with his wife.这是一个他经常和他妻子吵架的时期。(4)This is the first time that I have been to Guilin.这是我第一次去桂林。(5)It was the second time that I had met such a kind man.这是我第二次遇见这么好的一个人。2. give way to让步；屈服；让路；被代替give up 放弃give sth. up to 把某物让给(献给)give away 泄露(机密)；暴露；分发(奖品等)；捐赠give in (to) (向)屈服，(向)让步give off 发出(光、热、气味等)give out 分发；用尽例句(1)You should always give way to pedestrians at a zebra crossing.在斑马线上你必须给行人让路。(2)He gave up his job and started traveling around the world.他放弃了工作，开始环游世界。(3)Rotten eggs give off a bad smell.臭蛋散发出难闻的气味。(4)They stood there, giving out the leaflets to the passersby.他们站在那里，向过路人散发传单。3. lead to导致lead sb. to . 带领某人通往；引导某人去lead sb. to do sth. 使得某人做某事lead a . life 过着的生活lead the way 带路lead sb. by the nose 牵着某人的鼻子走in the lead 领先；处于领先地位take the lead 带头；领先例句(1)Laziness led to his failure, while hard work led to his brothers success.懒惰导致了他的失败，而努力工作使他弟弟成功了。(2)With him leading the way, we got there without any difficulty. But for him, we would have been lost, which would lead to serious consequences. His action led us to believe that he was our true friend.有他带路，我们毫不费力地到达了那里。要不是他，我们就可能迷路了，这会导致严重的后果。他的行为使我们相信他是我们真正的朋友。注意“引起，导致，造成”的表达方式还有：result in，contribute to，bring about，cause 等。4. likelyadj. 可能的adv. 可能地(1)be likely to do sth. 可能做某事(2)It is likely that . 有可能例句(1)These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse.这些发展，可能使得我们现在的骚扰电话问题变得更加糟糕。(2)Its more than likely that the thieves dont know how much it is worth.盗贼很可能不知道此物的价值。辨析possible表示客观上潜在的可能性，不能用人作主语。常用于 It is possible to do sth.或 It is possible that . 结构probable表示可能性很大，是依据实际或逻辑进行的合理猜测。不能用人作主语。常用于 It is probable to do sth.或 It is probable that . 结构中likely表达的可能性比 possible 强，比 probable 弱，通常表示某种行为的发生或状态的出现是预料之中的。主语可以是人或事物例句(3)It isnt remotely possible that you will be chosen to go.挑选你去的可能性并非很小。(4)It is probable that the disease has a genetic element.这种疾病很可能有遗传因素。5. preventv. 阻止；妨碍；阻挠(1)阻止干某事prevent+宾语+(from) doingstop+宾语+(from) doingkeep+宾语+from doing(2)protect . from/against .保护不受侵袭（from 后接能带来上海或损害之物）例句(1)Nothing can prevent/stop/keep their plans from being carried out.什么都不能阻止他们的计划实施。(2)Nothing can prevent/stop us going swimming.什么也阻挡不了我们去游泳。(3)They were stopped/prevented/kept from entering the burning building.他们被拦在了燃烧的大楼外面。注意prevent/stop sb. from doing 中 from 可以省略；keep sb. from doing 中 from 不可以省略。但用于被动语态中时，三个短语中的 from 都不能省略。6. lossn. 丧失；损失(1)suffer great/heavy/huge losses 遭受巨大的损失at a loss 困惑，不知所措(2)lose v. 丢失；丧失，失去；输掉；错过(机会)(3)lost adj. 迷路的；丢失的be lost in thought 陷入沉思例句(1)The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. 在那些树木遭到极度缺水的地区，大树的减少是很严重的。(2)He suffered a temporary loss of memory.他暂时丧失了记忆。(3)The death of the novelist means a great loss to the country.这位小说家的去世对这个国家来说是一个巨大的损失。(4)He is always at a loss what to say in front of strangers.他在陌生人面前总是不知要说什么。7. contributionn. 捐款；贡献；捐赠(1)make a contribution (contributions) to . 为作出贡献(2)contribute vi.& vt. 捐献；捐助；(为报纸、杂志、电台或电视节目)撰稿contribute . to . 捐献；捐助contribute to . 有助于；导致例句(1)He made a very positive contribution to the overall success of the project.他对项目的全面成功作出了非常积极的贡献。(2)I often contribute (articles) to the magazine.我经常给这本杂志撰写稿件。(3)Tom contributes $5 to the charity every payday.汤姆每逢发薪日都给慈善机构捐 5 美元。(4)The construction of a highway will contribute to the development of the county.建公路有助于这个县的发展。(5)Does smoking contribute to lung cancer?吸烟会导致肺癌吗？8. donatev. (尤指向慈善机构)捐赠；赠送；献(血)(1)donate . to . 向捐赠(2)donator n. 捐赠者；赠送者 donation n. 捐赠；捐赠物；赠送give/make/present a donation to . 捐赠给例句(1)Many people offered to donate blood and skin for the badly burnt worker.很多人主动提出为那个严重烧伤的工人献血献皮。(2)This has led companies and individuals to donate money to developing countries to buy computer equipment and Internet facilities. 这使得公司和个人给发展中国家捐款来购买电脑和网络设备。(3)Shes too mean to make a donation.她很吝啬，不肯捐款。(4)They present regular donations to charity.他们定期向慈善机构捐赠。9. Not only had the countries found a path to the future that did not run over the relics of the past, but they had also learnt that it was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow.这些国家不仅仅发现了一条不以牺牲古迹为代价的未来发展之路，也认识到了多国同心协力创造美好未来的可能性。not only .but also .结构中，有时为了强调，可将 not only 置于句首，此时其后的句子通常要用部分倒装的形式。倒装的时候，not only倒装，but also正常语序。 (1)not only . but also . 意为“不但而且”，用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分，着重强调后者。(2)当 not only . but also . 连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数原则上与其相邻近的主语保