1、Section Discovering Useful Structures 第一版块第一版块|核心词汇核心词汇1.charge n收费；指控；主管vt.收费；控告；充电in charge主管；看管(教材P42).wherewecouldgetourcarbatterycharged.在那里我们可以给汽车电池充电。(1)v.充电；收费，要价；指控，控告chargesb.somemoneyforsth.因某事而(向某人)收费chargesb.with(doing)sth.指控/指责某人(做)某事chargeabattery给电池充电(2)n.主管，掌管；费用，收费；指控，控告takechargeo
2、f负责，掌管(短语动词)inchargeof负责，掌管(短语介词)inthechargeofinonescharge由负责/掌管freeofcharge免费Heforgottochargethebattery.他忘记给电池充电了。Howmuch/Whatdoyoucharge fortherepairs？你收多少修理费？Therestaurantcharged(me)$20fordinner.这家餐馆收了(我)20美元的餐费。Hewas charged with huntingYangtzeRiverdolphins.他被指控捕杀白豚。Thecompanywasbadlyorganizedun
3、tilshetook charge ofit.在她掌管之前，这家公司一直管理很差。Thereisa charge forusingtheapplication.使用这个应用程序要收费。Youcanplaysoccerinthestadiumfree of charge.你们可以在体育场内免费踢足球。Heisfacing a charge ofdestroyingculturalrelics.他面临着毁坏文物的指控。Myuncleisin charge ofanartgallery.Anartgalleryisin the charge ofmyuncle.我叔叔掌管一家美术馆。词汇拓展：inc
4、ontrolofsb.掌控某人inthecontrolofsb.由某人掌控inpossessionofsth.占有/拥有inthepossessionofsb.被某人所占有/拥有Nowtheteacherisincontrolof55pupilsinclass,whichmeansthatthe55pupilsinclassareinthecontroloftheteacher.现在这位老师掌控着班上55名学生，意思是说班里55名学生由这位老师所掌控。Hisdestendantsarenowinpossessionofhismanuscript.后代现在保存他的手稿。Hismanuscript
5、isnowinthepossessionofhisdescendants.他的手稿现在由他的后代所保存。即学即练单句语法填空/写出句中charge的词性和词义/完成句子Howmuchdoyouchargeme_it?No.Infactitisfree_chargeattheweekend.Hewascharged_murderandsentencedtodeath.Motherputsthebabyin_chargeofthebaby-sitterwhilesheisout.Thechargefortransportwillbeincreasedbecausethepriceofpetroli
6、sgoingup._Iwonderhowmuchyouchargeforyourservice._forofwiththen.费用费用v.收费收费Thepolicechargedtheyoungmanwithcartheft._Heischargingastoragebattery._Thecompanyusedtobeinhisdirectcharge._Themanwhohad_(掌管)thegalleryannouncedthatanexhibitionofpaintingswouldbeheld.Illbe_(负责)thewholefactorynextweekwhenthedirec
7、torisaway.Thewatchisworth20dollars.Youcangetit_(免费)ifyouarewillingtolendusahand.vt.指控指控vt.充电充电n.主管主管taken charge ofin charge offree of charge2.announce vt.宣布；通知；声称announcement n通知，公告an official announcement官方公告(教材P42).wehearditannouncedthattherewerenoaudioguidesleft.我们听到服务台宣布没有语音导游了。(1)“动词sth.tosb.”
8、结构：explainsth.tosb.向某人解释introducesth.tosb.向某人介绍suggeststh.tosb.向某人提议reportsth.tosb.向某人报告(2)Itis过去分词that.Itisreportedthat.据报道Itisconsideredthat.人们认为Itisthoughtthat.人们认为Itisbelievedthat.人们相信Itissuggestedthat.有人建议Everyonewassilentasheannouncedthewinnerofthecompetition tous.当他向我们宣布比赛的获胜者时，大家都沉默了。Theyann
9、ounced thatacoldwavewouldcomesoon.他们宣布说不久寒潮就要来。It was announced thatallprisonerswouldbesetfree.已宣布全部囚犯都将获释。误区警示：announcesb.sth.()announcesth.tosb.()用法相同的动词还有suggest，explain，report，say等。词语辨析：announce与declare(1)announce指把人们关心或感兴趣的事公布于众；(2)declare指在正式场合宣布官方的立场或态度等。词语积累：announcementn宣告，宣布；通知makeanannoun
10、cement宣布通告announcesth.tosb.announcetosb.sth.向某人宣布某事sb.announcethat.宣布asisannounced正如宣布的那样Itisannouncedthat.据报道即学即练单句语法填空/辨析填空：announce/declareThespokesmanoftheForeignMinistryannouncedthenews_thereporters.Wearepleased_(announce)thatallfivecandidatesweresuccessful._isannouncedintodaysnewspaper,theyhav
11、esucceededinsolvingmanyproblemsaboutthenewtechnique.Thepresidentmadeanunexpected_(announce)thismorning.toto announceAsannouncementAttheendoftheirmeeting,_wasannouncedthatanagreementhadbeenreached.Wehavelaunchedanotherman-madesatellite,whichis_intodaysnewspaper.Jane_thatshewouldratherresignthanchange
12、herdecision.itannounceddeclared3amount n金额；数量amount vi.总计，等于(教材P42)Wefoundourselvesverysurprisedbythelargenumberofvisitorsandthe amount ofnoiseattheentranceoftheNationalGallery.我们发现国家美术馆入口处的大量游客和噪音使我们感到非常惊讶。theamountof不可数名词的数量reducetheamountoffat减少脂肪的含量inlarge/small amounts 大量地/少量地alarge/small amoun
13、t of. 大量/少量的amountto合计；总共达到A large amount of money wasspentontheprotectionoftherarespecies.Large amounts of money werespentontheprotectionoftherarespecies.大量的钱花在了保护稀有物种上。Hewithdrawsmoneyfromthebankin large amounts.他从银行里取出一大笔钱。误区警示：alargeamountof不可数名词单数谓语动词(谓语动词的数与amount的单复数形式保持一致)largeamountsof不可数名词
14、复数谓语动词易错比较：thenumberof与anumberofthenumberof.的数量，作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。anumberof许多的，大量的，修饰可数名词复数，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子Withmoreforestsbeingdestroyed,alargeamountofgoodearth_(be)beingwashedawayeachyear.There_(be)largeamountsofinformationabouttheauthorsbirthplace.Anumberofhighbuildings_(arise)wherethe
15、rewasnothingayearagobutruins.Largequantitiesofwater_(waste)everyyear.isarehave arisenare wastedThenumberofpeoplekilledintrafficaccidents_(be)atleast400.Overtheyears,there_(be)anumberofdifferenttechniquestohelpdesignersapproachthisimportantpoint.他们在这个问题上花费了大量的时间。(amount)_他们买房子的钱总计达500万元。(用amountto)_i
16、shave beenThey spent a large amount of time on this problem./They spent large amounts of time on this problem.The money they spent on the house amounts to 5 million dollars.4approach n方法；途径；接近vt.接近；接洽；着手处理vi.靠近approachable adj.可接近的；和蔼可亲的；易理解的(教材P42)Itwashardtoapproachthepaintingasthereweresomanypeop
17、learound.周围有那么多人，很难接近那幅画。(1)vt.接近；接洽；着手处理vi.靠近approachthehouse走近房子see/hear sb. /sth.approaching看到/听到某人/某物正在接近beeasy/difficult to approach 容易接近/难以接近approachtheproblem/matter处理问题(2)n.接近，靠近；方法，方式；通路，路径theapproachof.的来临/临近attheapproachof在快到的时候anapproachto(doing)sth.(做)某事的方法/方式Asyouapproachthetown,youlls
18、eethecollegeontheleft.你快到市镇时就可以看见左边的学院。Whatsthebestwayofapproachingthisproblem?什么是处理这个问题的最佳方式？Theeditorheardfootstepsapproaching.编辑听到脚步声走过来。Winterisapproaching.冬天就要来临。theapproach ofautumn秋天的来临Inmyview,thebestapproach to working outistogojoggingeveryday.在我看来，锻炼最好的方式是每天慢跑。theapproaches totheport通往港口的道
19、路词语辨析：approach,way,means与method用这种方法做某事的方法approachtheapproachtodoingsth.wayinthiswaythewaytodo/ofdoingsth.meansbythismeansthemeansofdoingsth.methodwiththismethodthemethodof/fordoingsth.词语积累：approachingadj.接近的，逼近的justaround/roundthecorner在附近；即将发生；即将来临bedrawinghear将近一句多译：期末考试即将来临。Thefinalexamisapproac
20、hing.Thefinalexamisdrawingnear.Thefinalexamisjustaroundthecorner.即学即练完成句子/单句语法填空_(快到的时候)theinterview,hebecamerathernervousandupset.John,apopularteacher,has_(一种的方法)makinghisliteratureclasseslively.Theexpertisaperson_(容易接近)Atyphoon_(正接近香港)Whatweneedarenewapproaches_solvingtheproblem.Facinguptoyourprob
21、lemsratherthanrunningawayfromthemisthebestapproachto_(work)thingsout._thisway,wecangetalongwitheachotherhappilyandpeacefully.However,therearealsosomeproblems_thisteachingmethod.At the approach ofan approach toeasy to approachis approaching Hong KongtoworkingInwith5.fix ones eyes on注视，凝视，集中注意力于fix on
22、es attention on/upon(教材P42)Judyhad her eyes fixed onVanGoghsSunflowers.朱迪的眼睛盯着梵高的向日葵画作。句式分析havesth.done为固定结构，意为“使某物被做”，这里“hadhereyesfixedon.”意为“使她的双眼盯视着”fixoneseyeson注视，凝视，集中注意力于fixoneseyes/attentionon集中注意力于withoneseyesfixedon集中注意力于fixonesmindon.集中注意力于上in/tooneseyes依某人看；在某人眼里keepaneyeonsb./sth. 照看某人
23、/某物haveaneyeforsth.对某事物有鉴赏力aneyeforaneye以眼还眼，以牙还牙Ihavemyhaircuteverymonth.我每个月都(让人给我)理发。Shehadherticketsbookedbythetravelagency.她让旅行社给她订着票。Everyonefixedtheireyesonthesingerashewalkedoutontothestage.当那位歌手登上舞台时，大家都把目光投向了她。易错警示：高考对fixoneseyeson,fixonesattention/mind on的考查通常是以独立主格结构、with复合结构或keep复合结构的形式
24、出现，以考查fix的非谓语动词形式。只要掌握fix和ones eyes/attention/mind之间是被动关系，就可以判断出fix应使用过去分词形式。Withmyeyes/attention/mindfixeduponmyhomework,Ididntknowwhathadhappenedoutsidethehouse.由于我的注意力集中在作业上，我不知屋外所发生的事。即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子RachaelJack,UniversityofGlasgowresearcher,saidthatratherthanscanningevenlyacrossafaceasWesterners
25、do,Easternersfixtheirattention_theeyes.Istoodstillwithmywholeattention_(fix)onthemovementsofherfinger.当你把注意力集中在好的事情上时，你的态度会有所好转。Yourattitudewouldbeimprovedwhenyou_goodthings.onfixedfix your attention on6.generous adj.慷慨的；大方的；丰富的generously adv.慷慨大方地generosity n慷慨；大方(教材P42)Carlandhisfriendsstayedwitha
26、generousfamily.卡尔和他的朋友们住在一个慷慨的家庭里begeneroustosb.对某人很慷慨begenerousindoingsth.乐于做某事begenerouswithsth.在某方面很大方Itisgenerousofsb.todosth.某人做某事真是慷慨。begenerouswithyourtime/money 不吝惜你的时间/金钱begenerousingivinghelp乐于助人agenerousgift/offer 丰厚的礼物/慷慨的提议词语积累：generouslyadv.慷慨地，大方地generosityn慷慨，大方meanadj.吝啬的，小气的反义词Alth
27、oughhewasnotrich,hewasverygenerous tohisneedyfriends.他虽然不富有，但对贫困的朋友却很慷慨。Jimisverygenerous withhistime.吉姆毫不吝惜他的时间。It was generous of them to inviteAnnaalong.他们邀请安娜一起去，真是大方。agenerousmind宽阔的胸怀词义拓展：mean的易混点(1)mean(meant,meant)v(不用于进行时)表示的意思Whatdoesthiswordmean?这个单词什么意思？(2)(不用于进行时)意思是说Imeanweshouldimprov
28、ethequalityoftheproduct.我的意思是说我们应提高产品质量。(3)(不用进行时)意欲，打算Sorry,Ididntmeanit.对不起，我不是故意的。(4)meantodo.打算做meansb.todo.打算让某人做某事(5)mean(sb.)doing.意味着(某人)做 即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子Thevolunteersareverygenerous_thekids.Theyareverygenerous_theirmoney.Itwasgenerous_himtooffertopayforusboth.Thosepeople,inturn,willconnectb
29、etterwithothersandtreatthemmore_(generous)Hedidntselfishlykeepforhimselfthemoneyfromhisuncle.Instead,he_(做出慷慨的捐赠)tohelpthecommunity._(你真慷慨)toshareyourfoodwithme,Jack.towithofgenerouslymade a generous contributionIt is/was generous of you7.ensure (make sure of) vt.保证；确保；担保(教材P42)Shehadacopyofthepaint
30、ingboxedtoensurethatitwasdeliveredsafely.她把这幅画的副本装在盒子里，以确保它能安全送达。ensure(that).确保(makesurethat.)becertain/sure of/about对有把握becertain/surethat.对有把握becertain/sure who/what/how,etc.对有把握ensurethesafetyof.确保的安全makecertain/sureof弄清楚；确保forcertain/sure确定，无疑误区警示：Itiscertainthat.肯定会Itscertainthatwewillsucceed.
31、()Itsturethatwewillsucceed.()besuretodosth.用于祈使句表示“务必要做某事”时，不能用certain替换sure。Besuretogiveyourfamilymyregards.务必代我向你的家人问好。学法点拨：在日常英语中，人们一般说makesure，而不说ensure。Iwillensure thatthecararrivesbysixoclock.我保证汽车六点之前到。Goandensuretheplaceandtime.Goandmake sureoftheplaceandtime.去把时间和地点弄清楚。即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子Icant_
32、(sure)thathewillbethereontime.Please_(确保)allthewindowsareclosed.Thestormisapproaching.Thepolicesdutyisto_(确保的安全)citizens.ensuremake sureensure the safety of8.position n位置；姿态；职位vt.(小心地)放置，安置(教材P42)Theywatchedoverthelakewiththeircamerasandbinoculars,whichwerepositionedonthehill.他们站在山上，用相机和双筒望远镜眺望湖面。(i
33、n)first/second position 第一名/第二名thegeographicalposition地理位置in/out of position 在/不在适当的位置put/place sb. in a good/awkwardposition使某人处于有利的/尴尬的境地inapositionofpower/strength 处于有权力/有实力的地位holdthepositionof.担任职务onespositionon.某人在方面的立场takethepositionthat.认为positiononeself站在某地误区警示：当position，situation，point，case
34、，stage等表示抽象地点的名词作先行词且关系词在从句中作状语时，定语从句常用where引导。Theyarenowinabetterpositionwheretheycanbeverysuccessfulthisyear.他们现在处于一个较好的境况中，今年他们可能会很成功。sitting/standing/lyingposition坐姿/站姿/卧姿takeupherpositionaschiefeditorofthepublishinghouse担任出版社的总编辑即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子Ensurethateverythingis_positionwhenwecomebacktother
35、oom.Wewereputinaposition_wehadtoeitheracceptwewerelessimportant,orfightthegovernment.Ihavereachedapointinmylife_Iamsupposedtomakeupmymind.Assoonashisofficerswere_(就位)，thepolicecommanderwalkedupthepathtowardsthehouse.Oneofthecupsis_(位置不对)Putitbackinplace.inwherewherein positionout of position 第二版块第二版
36、块|单元语法单元语法过去分词作定语和宾语补足语过去分词作定语和宾语补足语即学即练单句语法填空1Data_(collect)fromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytyped,withverylowerrorrates.2Ittookafewyouthfulanddaringbusinessmentogettheball_(roll)3WhenIwas17,Ireadamagazinearticleaboutamuseum_(call)theMcNay,oncethehomeofawatercol
37、oristnamedMarianMcNay.4Morethan750,000havegraduatedfromSAC,withmany_(seek)employmentinengineering,aviation,education,medicineandawidevarietyofotherprofessions.collectedrollingcalledseeking5TheCenteroffersprograms_(design)tochallengeandinspirewithhands-ontasksandlotsoffun.6In1812,theyearCharlesDicken
38、swasborn,therewere66novels_(publish)inBritain.7Buttheamountoftime_(spend)inreadingeachsessionhasdeclined,fromclosertoanhourormoretoclosertoahalfhourpersession.8Mostcollegesnowofferfirst-yearstudentsacoursespecially_(design)tohelpthemsucceedacademicallyandpersonally.9EarthDay,_(mark)on22April,isanann
39、ualeventaimingtoraisepublicawarenessaboutenvironmentalprotection.10Chinasimageisimprovingsteadily,withmorecountries_(recognize)itsroleininternationalaffairs.designedpublishedspentdesignedmarkedrecognizing11IneedanewpassportsoIwillhavetohavemyphotograph_(take)12Jimhasretired,buthestillremembersthehap
40、pytime_(spend)withhisstudents.13Inartcriticism,youmustassumetheartisthasasecretmessage_(hide)withinthework.14Toreturntotheproblemofwaterpollution,Idlikeyoutolookatastudy_(conduct)inAustraliain2012.15ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,whenIwasthefirstWesternTVreporter_(p
41、ermit)tofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.takenspenthiddenconductedpermitted16.Backfromhistwo-yearmedicalserviceinAfrica,Dr.Leewasveryhappytoseehismother_(take)goodcareofathome.17Theproducercomesregularlytocollectthecameras_(return)toourshopforqualityproblems.18AmieSalmon
42、,disabled,isattendedthroughoutherschooldaysbyanurse_(appoint)toguardher.19Themanagerwassatisfiedtoseemanynewproducts_(develop)aftergreateffort.20Lastnight,thereweremillionsofpeople_(watch)theopeningceremonyliveonTV.21Therearestillmanyproblems_(solve)beforewearereadyforalongstayontheMoon.takenreturne
43、dappointeddevelopedwatchingto be solved/to solve22Theresanotepinnedtothedoor_(say)whentheshopwillopenagain.23Insomelanguages,100wordsmakeuphalfofallwords_(use)indailyconversations.24Whenwesawtheroad_(block)withsnow,wedecidedtospendtheholidayathome.25Youcannotacceptanopinion_(offer)toyouunlessitisbas
44、edonfacts.sayingusedblockedoffered一、过去分词作定语1过去分词作定语时的位置。(1)一般情况下，单个过去分词作前置定语，即放在被修饰词之前。有时为了表示强调，也可放在被修饰词之后。*Thepollutedwaterwastoblameforthespreadofcholera.(前置定语)污染了的水造成了霍乱的传播。*Manyusedcarsareonsalenow,andyoucangotofindagoodone.(前置定语)很多二手车现在正在甩卖，你可以去找一辆好车。(2)过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语，即放在被修饰词之后。*Theriverpoll
45、utedbydailywasteisnowdirtyandsmelly.(后置定语)被日常废物污染的河水现在又脏又臭。*Hisnovelslovedbymanyreadersarewellworthreading.(后置定语)他的小说深受读者欢迎，很值得读。2过去分词作定语的时态和语态意义。(1)及物动词的过去分词作定语通常表示被动和完成，即被修饰词通常是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者，且该动作已经完成。*Idontlikethebookwritten by Martin(which was written by Martin)我不喜欢马丁写的这部书。*Ourclasswentonatripor
46、ganized by our school(which was organized by our school)lastMonday.上周一我们班参加了一次学校组织的旅行。(2)不及物动词的过去分词作定语仅表示完成，不表示被动。*Thefallenleavesofthewoodcoverthegroundinfall.秋天时，小树林的落叶覆盖着地面。*Therisensunisshiningbrightlyinthemorning.早上已升起的太阳正明亮地闪耀着。3过去分词(短语)作非限制性定语，相当于非限制性的定语从句，用来补充说明被修饰词的情况，通常用逗号与主句隔开。*Thebridge,
47、built last year(which was built last year),isinusenow.这座桥，去年建成，现在已通行。*Papercuts,used for religious purposes(which are used for religious purposes),canbeboughtinthestore.用于宗教目的的剪纸可以在这家商店里买到。二、过去分词作宾语补足语1用于feel,find,hear,notice,see,smell,observe,watch,think等表示感觉或心理状态的动词后作宾语补足语。*Manypassers-bysawatreeb
48、esidethestreetknockeddownbyacaryesterday.昨天很多路人看见路边的一棵树被一辆小汽车撞倒了。*Whenhewokeupinthehospital,hefoundhimselfsurroundedbydoctorsandnurses.当他在医院醒来时，他发现自己被医生和护士包围着。2用于get,have,make,keep,leave等使役动词后作宾语补足语。*HespokeEnglishslowly,andtriedtomakehimselfunderstoodwhiletravelingabroad.在国外旅行期间，他说英语的语速很慢，尽力让人们理解自己
49、的意思。*Whenhewasworking,helikedkeepingthedoorofhisroomclosed.当他工作时，他喜欢关着房间的门。*Hewantstohave/gethiseyesexaminedtomorrow.他明天想去检查眼睛。*Henearly/almosthadhislegsbrokenwhilehewasridingahorsetheotherday.几天前当他骑马时，他的腿差点摔断。【易错精点】“have/get宾语过去分词”结构的含义：(1)表示主语请别人做某事；(2)表示主语遭受、遭遇某一不愉快的事情；(3)表示普通的被动含义，意为“使得”。3用于with
50、复合结构中作宾语补足语。*Withhisspeechfinished, hesatdownandwentontolistentotheothersspeeches.结束了自己的演讲后，他坐下继续听其他人的演讲。*Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishandstiedbehindhisback.凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后。【易错精点】“with宾语过去分词”结构在句中作状语，表示伴随、原因、方式、时间、条件等。4用于wish,want,wouldlike,expect,order等表示“意欲”“命令”的动词后面作宾语补足语。*Thefatherwantshisd
