1、语法精讲思维构建1. There comes a time when the old must give way to the new, and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future. 2. Water from the dam would likely damage a number of temples and destroy cultural relics that(which) were an important part of Egypt s cult
2、ural heritage. 3. After listening to the scientists who(that) had studied the problem, and citizens who(that) lived near the dam, the government turned to the United Nations for help in 1959. 4. Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece, and then moved and put back together aga
3、in in a place where they were safe from the water. 5. Not only had the countries found a path to the future that(which) did not run over the relics of the past, but they had also learnt that it was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow. 一、定语从句的概述一、定语从句的概述定语从句定语从句可分为限制性定语
4、从句和非限制性定语可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句从句关关系系词词关系代词关系代词who; whom; whose; which; that; aswho; whom; whose; which; that; as关系副词关系副词when; where; whywhen; where; whyEach play has a theme or central idea which the playwright hopes to get across through dialogue and action. 每一部剧都有一个剧作家希望通过对话和动作传达的主题或中心思想。*This is th
5、e woman whose name is known all over the country. 这是一位名字被整个国家所熟知的女士。Molai went looking on his own and discovered a nearby island where he began to plant trees. Molai自己去看了看, 发现了一个附近可以栽树的小岛。1. 先行词: 被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。2. 关系词: 引导定语从句的词叫关系词。3. 关系词通常有下列三个作用: (1)引导定语从句; (2)代替先行词; (3)在定语从句中担当一个成分。4. 关系代词在从句中作主语、
6、宾语、定语或表语; 关系副词在从句中作状语。 【即学活用】语法填空。(1)China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot _ _it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. (2)On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth _ gives off light in the dark. (3)We are the products of evolution(进化), and not j
7、ust evolution _occurred billions of years ago. (4)The reason _I learned to cook was that my mother could rest after she finished her work. wherewherethat/whichthat/whichthat(which)that(which)why(5)We have entered into an age _dreams have the best chance of coming true. (6)Children _play with puzzles
8、 between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. whenwhenwho(that)who(that)二、关系代词和关系副词的区别定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的判断方法: 用法依据根据从句的谓语动词若是及物动词, 后面若无宾语, 用关系代词; 若是不及物动词, 则用关系副词根据关系词在从句中作的成分把关系词放进定语从句中, 若作主语或宾语用关系代词; 若作状语用关系副词An Internet celebrity bumps into an apple seller who/that looks like a cheater o
9、n her way back home. (作主语)一个网络名人在回家的路上碰到了一个看起来像骗子的卖苹果的人。A class is like a family where I should get along well with others. (作状语)一个班级就像一个大家庭, 在这个大家庭里我应该与其他人好好相处。关系副词when, where引导的定语从句可以转化为“介词+which”引导的定语从句; 而why引导的定语从句可以转换为“for which”引导的定语从句。【即学活用】用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空(1)Directed sound is a new technology
10、 _allows companies to use sound in much the same way spotlights are used in the theater. (2)Next came the moment _I asked them to have a try themselves. (3)The village lay near some wetlands _became his second home. (4)They have transformed themselves into places _you can develop your love of knowle
11、dge. (5)The reason _I can t go is that I had a fall yesterday and injured my foot badly. that (which)that (which)whenwhenwhich (that)which (that)wherewherewhywhy(6)Their child is at the stage _she can say individual words but not full sentences. wherewhere三、介词+关系代词当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时, 我们通常用“介词+关系代词”引
12、导定语从句。关系代词只能用which或whom。先行词指物时, 用which; 先行词指人时, 用whom。在这个结构中, 介词的确定原则是: 1. 依据定语从句中动词或形容词等所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定。*She devotes herself to her common but useful work, on which she spends more than 9 hours a day. 她致力于这项普通但很有用的工作, 每天花在这项工作上的时间超过9个小时。*More importantly, there are teachers online to whom you can tur
13、n for help. 更为重要的是, 有一些你可以求助的在线老师。2. 根据主句与从句之间的逻辑关系判断介词。*On New Year s Eve, we will go outside to light crackers and fireworks, after which we will come home to make dumplings. 在除夕夜, 我们将到外面放烟花爆竹, 之后我们回家包水饺。3. 表示“整体和部分关系”, 介词常用of。与此同时, 在介词of之前常用一些代词或数词: some, any, few, none, all, both, neither, most,
14、 each, 百分数等。*There are 50 students in our class, all of whom work hard and behave well. 我们班有50名学生, 我们都学习很努力, 并且表现很好。4. 根据意思也可用复杂介词, 如 by means of, as a result of, in front of, in the back of等。 *I am good at spoken English, as a result of which I can communicate with foreigners fluently. 我擅长英语口语, 因此我
15、能够流利地和外国人交流。5. “the+名词+of+which/whom/of+which /whom+the+名词” 引导的定语从句, 可与“ whose+名词”替换。*We ve planned to hold an English drama festival, the theme of which/ of which the theme is Love English & Love Drama. We ve planned to hold an English drama festival, whose theme is Love English & Love Drama. 我们计划举
16、办一个英语戏剧节, 它的主题是“爱英语, 爱戏剧”。在定语从句中, 有一些含介词的动词短语不可拆开使用, 如look after, look for等。The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy. (正确)The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy. (错误)用适当的“介词+关系代词”填空。(1)Chinese medicine is part of our Chinese traditional culture, the value
17、_is gradually recognized by the world. (2)You should make some Chinese friends _you can communicate frequently. (3)It has been my ideal university, _I have studied hard for many years. (4)Then we looked around and found a stick, _we got the kite down. (5)I plan to do many things, one _is making a tr
18、ip to some places of interest together with my good friends. of whichof whichwith whomwith whomfor whichwith whichof which四、定语从句中关系词的省略1. 定语从句的先行词在定语从句中作宾语时, 关系词通常省略。*Who is the man (that/who/whom) you were talking to? 刚才和你讲话的人是谁? 2. 当关系代词that在定语从句中用作表语时, 可以省略。China is not the country (that) it was.
19、 中国已不是过去的中国了。3. 先行词是way, reason, time, place等, 且它们在定语从句中分别作方式、原因、时间和地点状语时, 其后定语从句的相应关系词that/in which, why/that, when, where等可以省略。After a while, she apologized for the way(that/in which) she behaved at the beginning. 过了一会, 她为自己刚开始的行为道歉。*The reason (why/that) he wanted to sell his house was that he ne
20、eded a lot of money for his operation. 他想卖掉房子的原因是他的手术需要很多钱。4. 由and, but, or等并列连词连接两个或两个以上的定语从句修饰同一个先行词时, 第一个关系词可以省略, 但第二、三个一般不可以省略。*The book (which) you are reading and which is read by many young people is written by Mark Twain. 你正在读的并且被许多年轻人读的那本书是马克吐温写的。. 单句语法填空1. 68 Chinese cultural relics _ had
21、been taken to the UK recently were returned to their homeland. 2. Then one of the specialists said there was no reason _I should stop training and competing. 3. I am outgoing and active, _which I think we can be good friends. 4. Can t they see this is the only place _they can survive the storm? 5. W
22、e are allowed to go into the fields to pick fruit and vegetables, _which we are to make our lunch. that/whichthat/whichwhywhyforforwherewherewithwith6. We can find friends _whom we can tell our secrets. 7. Only by changing the way _which we treat the environment can we get along well with it. 8. He
23、ll never forget the day _he was admitted to the Olympic Games for the first time. 9. You mentioned lots of places of interest in my hometown, most of _I ve never been to. totoininwhenwhenwhichwhich. 用定语从句合并句子1. Do you know the man? The man spoke to the headmaster just now. Do you know the man _? 2.
24、I have seen the film. They re talking about the film. I have seen the film _. 3. The day came at last. We have been looking forward to the day. The day _came at last. 4. My grandparents live in the biggest house. It is more than 100 years old. My grandparents live in the biggest house _. who/that sp
25、oke to the headmaster just nowthat/which they re talking aboutthat/which we have been looking forward tothat is more than 100 years old5. We settled down in a small village. In front of the village ran a winding river. We settled down in a small village, _. 6. I have so many friends. Two thirds of m
26、y friends are girls. I have so many friends, _. 7. My grandparents have five children. All of children are teachers now. My grandparents have five children, _. 8. The man is kind. The headmaster introduced him to us yesterday. The man _is kind. in front of which ran a winding rivertwo thirds of whom
27、 are girlsall of whom are teachers now(who/whom) the headmaster introduced to us yesterday结合本单元语法, 根据汉语提示完成短文。 Last Sunday, we went to the Confucius Temple 1. _(坐落于曲阜市). It has a history of more than 2, 000 years. We visited the Xing Tan 2. _(孔子授课的地方). Also, we saw many stone inscriptions 3. _(有悠久历史和巨大价值). This is a meaningful visit 4. _(我学到了很多). which lies in Qufu citywhere Confucius taught his lessonswhich/that have a long history and are of great valuewhere/in which I have learned alot
