1、 现在完成时现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结 果.现在完成时这一时态强调是过去动作与现在的联系,也就是强调现在的影响和结果.have/has + 过去分词动词的过去分词:动词的过去分词: 规则变化(和过去时一样)规则变化(和过去时一样) 不规则变化(特殊记)不规则变化(特殊记)不规则变化:不规则变化: am/is-was-been are-were-been begin-began-begun break-broke-broken do-did-done draw-drew-drawn drink-drank-drunk drive-drove-driven eat-
2、ate-eaten fall-fell-fallen fly-flew-flown forget-forgot-forgotten give-gave-given go-went-gone grow-grew-grown hide-hid-hidden know-knew-known lie-lay-lain ride-rode-ridden ring-rang-rung show-showed-shown see-saw-seen sing-sang-sung speak-spoke-spoken take-took-taken come-came-come run- ran run bec
3、ome-became-become现在完成时的基本句型:现在完成时的基本句型:肯定式:肯定式:主语 + 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词 否定式否定式: 主语 + 助动词have/has + not + 动词的过去分词. 一般疑问式:一般疑问式:助动词Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词? 特殊疑问式:特殊疑问式:疑问词+助动词Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词?现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法上一页下一页- Its so dark.- Its so dark.-Someone has turned off the light.-Someone has
4、turned off the light.(有人刚把灯关了有人刚把灯关了,对现在造成的结果是对现在造成的结果是:现在很黑现在很黑)- Are you free?-I have finished my homework. I am free-I have finished my homework. I am free( (我已我已经经完成了家庭作完成了家庭作业业,对现在造成的结果是很有空对现在造成的结果是很有空)主菜单1. 1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 1. 1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。表示过去发生的某一动
5、作对现在造成的影响或结果。 2.2.表示表示过去过去已经开始已经开始, , 持续到持续到现在的动作或状态现在的动作或状态, ,现在完成时的运用现在完成时的运用(1):1在表示“用法1”时,现在完成时常和副词already, yet, never, ever ,before ,just等连用。.a)already 往往用于肯定句,用在疑问句时表示往往用于肯定句,用在疑问句时表示强强 调或加强语气;调或加强语气;yet 用于否定句和疑问句。用于否定句和疑问句。lHe has already left here. 他已经离开这里了。lHas he already left here? 他(真的)已经
6、离开这里了吗?(表示加强语气)lMy teachers havent had breakfast yet. 我的老师们还没有吃早饭。lHave you written to your parents yet? 你已经给你父母写过信了吗?2. yet在现在完成时中的用法在现在完成时中的用法 否定句否定句:句末句末 “还还(没没)”疑问句疑问句: 句末句末 “己经己经” Eg. I havent had breakfast yet. Have you had breakfast yet?b) never 是否定词,表示是否定词,表示“从来没有从来没有”,而,而ever 表示表示“曾经曾经”lWe
7、have never been to the Great Wall. 我们从来没有去过长城。lHave you ever been to Canada? 你们曾经去过加拿大吗? c) just表示表示“刚刚刚刚”(用于完成时态时,与(用于完成时态时,与already,never 等副词的位置一样,多用在助动等副词的位置一样,多用在助动词词have/has和动词过去分词之间)和动词过去分词之间)lHe has just come back. 他刚刚回来。lThey have just finished the work. 他们刚刚完成那项工作。3.3.表示人曾有过或到目前为止从表示人曾有过或到目
8、前为止从未有过的未有过的经历经历. .上一页下一页I haveI have ever ever beenbeen to the Summer Palace? to the Summer Palace?(我曾去过颐和园我曾去过颐和园) I I havehave never never had had a car.a car. (我从未有过汽车。我从未有过汽车。)主菜单现在完成时的现在完成时的时间状语时间状语常与常与already, already, never, never, ever, ever, just, just, yet, yet, before, before, up to now,
9、 up to now, so far, so far, for the last few weeksfor the last few weeks these days, these days, since since for a long timefor a long time 连用连用上一页下一页主菜单 before, by now (so far), once, twice, just, recently yet(否否/疑疑), already(肯肯), ever, never, all ones life , in /during the past /last 5 years, have
10、 been 与与have gone 的用法比较的用法比较 have been to 意思是意思是“到过,去过到过,去过”,表示,表示曾曾经到过某处经到过某处,但现在人不在那儿。,但现在人不在那儿。have gone to 意思是意思是“去了去了”,表示,表示已经去了已经去了某地,现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。某地,现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。have been in 意思是意思是“呆在某处一段时间了呆在某处一段时间了”上一页下一页主菜单 Has she ever been to Nanjing?Has she ever been to Nanjing?她曾去过南京吗?她曾去过南京吗?
11、 You have never been there, have you?You have never been there, have you?你以前从未去过那儿,是吗?你以前从未去过那儿,是吗? I have been to Guiling ,I went there I have been to Guiling ,I went there last year. last year.我去过桂林,我去年去的。我去过桂林,我去年去的。 She has gone to Nanjing.She has gone to Nanjing. 她已经去南京了。她已经去南京了。上一页下一页主菜单用用Have
12、 been to, have gone to, have been in 填空填空1.1.Mike and his parents _ the north Mike and his parents _ the north for half a year.for half a year.2.2.Mum is not at home now. she _ the Mum is not at home now. she _ the shop.shop.3.3._ you ever _ to kunming ? Never._ you ever _ to kunming ? Never.4.4.Whe
13、re _ you _ these days?Where _ you _ these days?5.5.Has Jim arrived yet?Has Jim arrived yet? Yes, he _ here for several days. Yes, he _ here for several days.6.6.Where is Peter? I dont know where he Where is Peter? I dont know where he _._.7.7.Hi Jim! Where _ you _ ? Li Lei Hi Jim! Where _ you _ ? Li
14、 Lei is looking for you. is looking for you.have been inhas gone tohave beenHave beenhas been has gonehave been下一页上一页主菜单 与一般过去时的用法比较与一般过去时的用法比较一一. .现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过去的事情,去的事情,; ;而一而一般过去时,则只般过去时,则只讲述讲述发生在过去的发生在过去的动作和事情动作和事情与现在没有关系与现在没有关系。 上一页下一页主菜单l1.都表示过去发生的事l2.现在完成时强调过去和现在的联系,不能和具体的时间状
15、语连用;l3.一般过去时强调过去发生的事或状态与表示过去的具体时间连用(last, ago, yesterday, etc. )presentpast注意点一:注意点一:现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续到现在甚至会继续下去或表示现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续到现在甚至会继续下去或表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响;一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在过去的动作对现在造成的影响;一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在过去。现在完成时属于现在时态范围,因此,不能和表示过去的时过去。现在完成时属于现在时态范围,因此,不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。间状语
16、连用。 如:如:yesterday, last night, two weeks ago等等 试比较:试比较:The plane has arrived . 飞机已经来了。(说明现在的情况:飞机飞机已经来了。(说明现在的情况:飞机在这儿)在这儿)The plane arrived a quarter ago. 飞机是一刻中以前来的。(强调飞机是一刻中以前来的。(强调动作发生的时间在过去)动作发生的时间在过去)I have taught here for fifteen years. 我在这儿已经教了十五年。我在这儿已经教了十五年。(表示十五年前的动作一直延续到现在,还可能会继续。)(表示十五年
17、前的动作一直延续到现在,还可能会继续。)I taught here for a year. 我过去在这儿教过一年。(表示我过去在这儿教过一年。(表示“我我“现现在已经不在这儿任教了)在已经不在这儿任教了)Put the following sentences into English.1. A: 火车已经开走了火车已经开走了. B: 什么时候开走的什么时候开走的? A: 半个小时之前开走的半个小时之前开走的.2. A: 这本书我已经买了两年了这本书我已经买了两年了. B: 你在哪儿买的你在哪儿买的? A: 在我老家买的在我老家买的.3. A: 你看过这部电影吗你看过这部电影吗? B: 看过看过
18、. A: 什么时候看的什么时候看的. B: 上周星期天看的上周星期天看的.A: The train has left.B: When did it leave.A: It left half an hour ago.A: have you seen the film?B: Yes, I have.A: When did you see it?B: I saw it last Sunday.A: Ive had the book for two years.B: Where did you buy it?A: I bought it in my hometown.eg.1. He had his
19、 breakfast at 6:00 He has had his breakfast. 2. When did you come here? I watched the football match on TV at 9:00. l1. I _(have) lunch alreadyl2. Has the train_ (arrive), yet?l3.Tome _ never_ (be to ) China.l4. The twin _just _(see) my father.l5. The twins _(see) my father just now.l6. Many tall bu
20、ildings _(build) in the past 5 years.have hadarrivedhasbeen tohasseensawhave been built、翻译下列句子:翻译下列句子:1. 你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗?你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗?2. 我刚刚丢了我的语文书。我刚刚丢了我的语文书。3. 我以前从来没去过那个我以前从来没去过那个公园。公园。4. 他已经吃过午饭了。他已经吃过午饭了。5. 你已经看过这部电影了你已经看过这部电影了吗?吗?6. 我哥哥还没回来。我哥哥还没回来。1.Have you eatten fish and chips/ french fries?2.I have lost my Chinese book.3 I have never been to that park.4.He has already had lunch.5 Have you seen this movie yet?6 My brother has not returned.