1、丰城二中丰城二中Guide in WritingTeaching Objectives(教学目标）教学目标）By the end of this lesson youll be able to find out the mistakes of the compositions given.find out what problems cause you not to get higher marks in your writing. know some practical ways to improve a composition.feel less scared in writing.The
2、 woman I admire mostMother Teresa is my favorite women. She is of middle height and she is beautiful . She comes from Macedonia. She lived from 1910.8.26 to 1997.9.5. when she was young,she learned religion. Shes warm- hearted.Once, she teached in India for many years . In 1950, she set up the Missi
3、onaries of charity to help the poor in Calcutta. She devoted to help the poor 、the patiences、the homeless persons and the dead persons. Because of those, in 1979, she got the Nobel peace prize in 1997. she died in India.I admired her. In the future I want become as her a person . From now, I intend
4、to good good study and day day up.The woman I admire mostMother Teresa is my favorite women. She is of middle height and she is beautiful . She comes from Macedonia. She lived from 1910.8.26 to 1997.9.5. she learned religion long before. Shes warm-hearted.Once, she teached in India for many years .
5、In 1950, she set up the Missionaries of charity to help the poor in Calcutta. She devoted to help the poor 、the patiences、the homeless persons and the dead persons. Because of those, in 1979, she got the Nobel peace prize in 1997. she died in India.I admired her. In the future I want become as her a
6、 person . From now, I intend to good good study and day day up.Main problems leading to low scoresProblem1:Chaotic sentence structure(句型结构混乱）Problem2:Chinglish(汉式英语）Problem3:Simple sentence，lack of advanced vocabularies(句式单一，缺乏高级词汇)的灵魂IIIIIIyou will succeed.you will succeed.you will succeed.123Ex：努力
7、学习，你会成功。Studying hard,Ifyou study hard,Study hard,and连接词连接接词只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）简单句：简单句：He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.主语及物动词系动词宾语表语不及物动词宾语+宾补间宾+直宾宾语简单句的五种基本句型第一种句型：S+VThe sun rises. He runs
8、 in the park.第二种句型：S+V+OHe plays the piano every morning.I know him very well.They want to go.He stopped writing.第三种句型：S+V+IO+DOMy father bought me a car.第四种句型：第四种句型：S+V+O+C(补充说明宾语的状态）补充说明宾语的状态）I will make you happy.We should keep the classroom clean.She heard him singing.I want her to come.第五种句型：第五
9、种句型：S+V+PShe is a student.He has become an engineer.It tastes sweet.His face goes red.注意：系动词除了be 动词外，还包括become, turn, look, seem, appear, sound, taste, smell, remain, prove, keep, fall.并列句：并列句：由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起的句子叫做并列句。连在一起的句子叫做并列句。He helps me and I help him.注意：注意：不同的并列连词表示并列分句之
10、间的不同关系，根据并列分句之间的关系不同，并列分句可以分为四种。He not only gave us a lot of advice , but also helped us to study English.表示联合关系的并列句表示联合关系的并列句常用的连词有and( 同，和), when(=and just at this time 就在这时，然后), not onlybut (also)( 不仅而且 ), neithernor （既不也不）等。这类分句之间是顺承关系或并列关系。如：We bought her a birthday present, andshe liked it ver
11、y much.Neither did the naughty boy go home nordid his parents come to search for him.I was just leaving when the telephone rang. Not only my father, but also my grandpa got red roses. 表示转折关系的并列句表示转折关系的并列句这类并列句常用but （但是；可是），yet（可是；然而），while （而）等来连接，后面分句与前面分句之间有意义上的转折关系。She said she would be late, yet
12、she arrived on time.Certainly he apologized, however, I wont forgive him.I like tea whileshe likes coffee.表示选择关系的并列句表示选择关系的并列句Either you are mad orI am.You must go early, otherwise you will miss the bus.常用的连词有or , eitheror.，otherwise, or else(否则）, 等连接.如：Will he still be there orwill he have gone awa
13、y?Take this bus or else you wont get there in time.表示因果关系的并列句表示因果关系的并列句这类并列句常用并列连词 so, for等连接，后面分句与前面分句之间有因果关系。如：Mother was ill, sofather cooked for us instead.They had often heard of elephants, butthey had never seen one , for being blind, how could they?He worked day and night, therefore, he was a
14、ble to buy the sports car.状语从句定语从句名词性从句“竹枝竹枝”复合句：复合句：复合句复合句(complex sentence)是由主句从句是由主句从句构成，它是英语中比较复杂的句子结构。一般来说，英语中一个句子只能有一个谓语，如果出现两个谓语动词，那么其中一个谓语动词只能以从句的形式或并列句或非谓语动词的形式出现。所谓从句是指从属于主句的句子，由从属连词连接。从句的种类有很多，但根据其性质和作用可以分为状语从句、定语从句、名词性从句。After the students were all in the chemistry lab, the teacher broug
15、ht out three bottles.Corn is a very useful plant that can be prepared in many different ways.状语从句（Adverbial cause):从句用作状语When you cross a main road, you must be careful.Sit down wherever you like.As I didnt know the way, I asked a policeman.Youll be late, unless you hurry.We intend to go US, even if
16、 air fares are expensive.The news worried him so much that he didnt sleep at all for the whole night.They wrote the notice in several languages so that foreigners could understand it.定语从句（Attributive Clauses):由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词或代词，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般跟于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。定
17、语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。Is he the man who/that wants to see you?Please pass me the book whose cover is green.Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.As everyone knows ,China is a beautiful country with a long history .在句子中起名词作
18、用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses）。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句名词性从句That the driver could not control his war was obvious.Who will win the match is still unknown.It is known to us how he became a writer.He has told me that he will go to Sha
19、nghai tomorrow.I feel it a pity that I havent been to the get-together.Raw material is what we are badly in need of.It looks as if it is going to rain.The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.句子冲冲冲动词短语简单句扩展变换中译英中译英1.现代化的交通系统是否能解决问题还不得而知 .(remain)Whether a modern tr
20、affic system can solve the problem of transportation remains a question.2.无论面对何种挑战，他总是全力以赴，这使大家印象深刻。(impress)Whatever challenges he may face, he always tries his best, which deeply impresses everyone .3.学习英语几年后,许多学生仍然觉得用英语和外国人交流有点困难.(feel)Many students still feel they have some difficulty incommunic
21、ating with foreigners in English after learning thelanguage for years.复合句、并列句、简单句之间的相互转化复合句、并列句、简单句之间的相互转化1.Lucy cant sing the English song ” Yesterday Once More”. And Lily cant sing it, either.(改为简单句）2.I have to study harder, or I shall not catch up with my classmates.（改为含状语从句的复合句）3.We will organiz
22、e all kinds of activities in our English club. We can not only practise but also learn more English in the activities.(改为含定语从句的复合句）4.（1)79.3% of the surveyed netizens say that their main motivation is to help their parents to live a better life.(2)67.7% claim that they work harder in order to change
23、 their own fate.5.(1)There was once a famous detective.(2) He was named Sherlock Holmes.(3) He lived in London.(4) The time was at the end of the nineteenth century. 6.(1)The other day we had an English speech contest.(2) I won the first prize in the contest.复合句、并列句、简单句之间的相互转化复合句、并列句、简单句之间的相互转化1.Luc
24、y cant sing the English song ” Yesterday Once More”. And Lily cant sing it, either.Neither Lucy nor Lily can sing the English song ” Yesterday Once More”.2.I have to study harder, or I shall not catch up with my classmates.I have to study harder in order that I can catch up with my classmates.3.We w
25、ill organize all kinds of activities in our English club. We can not only practise but also learn more English in the activities.( 改为含定语从句的复合句）We will organize all kinds of activities in our English club in which we can not only practise but also learn more English in the activities.4.（1)79.3% of th
26、e surveyed netizens say that their main motivation is to help their parents to live a better life.(2)67.7% claim that they work harder in order to change their own fate.79.3% of the surveyed netizens say that their main motivation is to help their parents to live a better life while 67.7% claim that
27、 they work harder in order to change their own fate.5.(1)There was once a famous detective.(2) He was named Sherlock Holmes.(3) He lived in London.(4) The time was at the end of the nineteenth century. There was once a famous detective named Sherlock who lived in London at the end of the nineteenth
28、century.6.(1)The other day we had an English speech contest.(2) I won the first prize in the contest.The other day we had an English speech contest in which I won the first prize in the contest.4.这所学校规定:学生不许将手机带进校园 .(make)5.清华大学的目标是培养既拥有专业知识又具备独立思考能力的学生。(aim)6.这家店与众不同之处在于他提供更多的服务。 (offer)4.这所学校规定:学生
29、不许将手机带进校园 .(make)The school makes it a rule that students are not allowed to take mobile phones/cell phones to the school/campus.5.清华大学的目标是培养既拥有专业知识又具备独立思考能力的学生。(aim)The aim of Qinghua University is to equip students notonly with professional knowledge but also the ability ofindependent thinking.6.这
30、家店与众不同之处在于他提供更多的服务。 (offer)What makes the shop different is that it offers more service(s)句子的充实：一篇好文章必然是内容充实，形式多样的。学生尽可能避免写出内容简单，形式单调的句子。我们可以朝以下几个方面努力1.加强细节描写的意识Jacks present was refused.-what made Jack sad was that his present bought for Andy was refused.Mr. Li Ping gave us a lecture in the hall on
31、 Friday.-Mr. Li Ping gave us a lecture in the hall on Friday in order to help students learn English better 2.对所表达的句子加以补充说明对所表达的句子加以补充说明It is dangerous to walk home alone.-It is dangerous to walk home alone, especially in the dark.I prefer to go to Shanghai by plane than by train.-I prefer to go to
32、Shanghai by plane than by train, because it is much faster and more comfortable. 3.对所表达的内容适当地加以评论，充实句子。对所表达的内容适当地加以评论，充实句子。Mr. Li will give us a report.-Mr. Li will give us a report, which will influence us a lot.-Mr. Li will give us a report, which will have an influence on our study.其它倒装句变化省略句强调句（
33、强、倒、省）321Revision现象 教学中使用了电脑。好处1.节省了老师们的精力 。2.学生也对课程变得更有趣了 。The computer was used in teaching.Teachers energy was saved.Students became more interested in the lessons.The computer was used in teaching. As a result , not only was teachers energy saved, but students became more interested in the lesso
34、ns.As a resultnot onlybutEx. 1Ex. 2问题 学习中有两个主要问题。表现1.记单词难。2.讲英语时感到紧张。一句话表达：The two main problems in my study are that I feel it difficult to learn words by heart, and that I often feel nervous when speaking English. （2012湖南卷单选改编）句式变换1、I came here.2、I realized this place was famous. 3、It was famous f
35、or not only its beauty but also its weather.1、正常句子：I did not realize this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather until I came here.2、倒装Not until I came here did I realize this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather. 3、强调句It was not until I came here that
36、 I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather. Ex. 3furtherEx. 41Li hua is our new teacher. 2She teaches us English.3She speaks a dialect.4We find it hard to understand her dialect. 一句话表达：Lihua, our new English teacher, speaks a dialect which we find hard to understa
37、nd.Homework假设你班本学期英语强报的主题是“The woman Iadmiremost”，请你根据表格信息，写一篇介绍特蕾莎修女（MotherTeresa)的英语短文姓名Mother Teresa生卒年月1910年8月26日1997年9月5日出生地马其顿（Macedania)主要经历1.从小学习宗教，热爱众人；2.在印度教地理多年；3.1950年在加尔各答（Calcutta)成立了旨在帮助穷人的博济会（Missionaries of Charity),其成员是义工；4.一生致力于帮助穷人、病人、无家可归者和垂死临终者，为此1979年获诺贝尔和平奖；5.晚年饱受心脏病折磨，1997年在
38、印度病逝标题第一段:第二段:第三段:概括所给短文内容要点 约30字过渡词引出主题句-自己的观点-理由 约90字总结句 约30字第一段：概括所给短文内容要点（第一段：概括所给短文内容要点（记叙类记叙类）+注意：利用原文中所给的语言材料，用自己的话来写；概括后的文章意思要通顺，行文要连贯。写作具体方法和要求:1.第一段概括要做到开门见山: 例如: 1)According to the passage, 2)This article is mainly about3)The writer states that2.第一段概括要抓住要点,语言精练,列出原文作者观点或内容。In this passage
39、, the writer mainly tells us his experience offishing and was taught an unforgettable lesson by an old man. He knew the importance of patience and finally got some fish.(33 words ）My version for the summary1. It occurs to me that a similar story of mine happened 3 years ago and taught me a lesson. 2
40、. I had a similar experience at one time, too.3. As far as I am concerned, I have a similarexperience .4. I have such a similarexperience, too.5. I have a similar experience to the writer s.6. I also have a similar experience.We may write like these:第二段：怎样写过渡句+I also have an experience about being p
41、atient. I would like you, the reader, to share it with me.How to write an ending paragraphAll in all, patience is very important. Everyone should have patience to do everything.(Point out the main idea)My version for the ending paragragh第三段：怎样写结尾段第三段：怎样写结尾段I have a similar experience. Once I waited
42、for the bus at the stop for 30 minutes, no bus came. I couldn t wait any longer and decided to walk to school. But no sooner had I left than the bus arrived. I thought if I had waited for one more minute, I would have caught it. If I wanted to take the next bus, I would have to wait for another 30 m
43、inutes. Only then did I realize the importance of patience. Being impatient will waste all the efforts that we have made. Patience also plays an important part in our study and work. With it we can achieve greater success. (110 words )Now, whenever I am to lose my patience, I ll think of the experie
44、nce of waiting for a bus.(18 words)(161 words)+第二段:过渡词引出主题句-自己的观点-理由+开头用语（议论文议论文）+I do agree with the author+In some way, I agree with , but +This opinion sounds right butis hardly practical.+It is definitely notlike that. As a matter of fact, +To a great extent, Im for the writer idea.+In my opinio
45、n,+From my personal point of view+As far as Im concerned+第三段第三段最后一段最后一段 : : 总结句开头用语：+In conclusion,+In short,+To make a long story short,+In general,+In a word,+In brief简单扼要地简单扼要地,+On the whole,+All in all,+模板1：观点对比The topic about is becoming more and more popular in our school recently.There are tw
46、o sides of opinion about it.Some students prefer to consider doing sth. (Some students say is their favorite.) They think that (理由一).Whats more, ( 理由二).Moreover, ( 理由三)However, others believe is a better choice for three reasons. ( 然而，其余的人认为做某事是一种较好的选择，有三个方面的理由) to begin with, ( 理由一). Next, . In add
47、ition, From my point of view, the former is surely a wise choice. The reason is that(或者用：As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that(依我来看，我坚决支持这种观点 that引导同位语从句)模板：好处与坏处的对比1.In recent years, has been popular.There are many advantages in. First, Second, . Third, However, therere some disa
48、dvantages. . (之一).Besides, .( 之二). Also, . ( 之三)In my opinion, it is true that advantages are more than disadvantages.(依我看，的确是好处多于坏处) I thinkOne big advantage of is that. / One obvious advantage of is . / Finally, While it is true that . has many advantages, it is also important to realize that.(虽然某
49、事确实有许多好处，但是意识到 也很重要。模板: 问题与建议1.In recent days, we have to face a problem that ( 近来，我们面临这样一个问题 that 引导同位语从句). 解决办法：With the help of modern technology, we now have many means to solve it. By doing ., we can Whats the most important is that结论：in a word, it is clear / obvious that Only when can we .模板:
50、要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。1.有一些人认为 2.另一些人认为 3.我的看法The topic of _（主题）is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions about it. Some people say A is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of _（支持A的理由一）What is more, (理由二). Moreover, _(理由三).While others think that B is
