1、第四讲(1) 词类的转换词类的转换 词类转换是汉英翻译中很重要的手段之一，运用得当可是译文通顺流畅，否则译文可能变得生硬累赘。一、汉语的动词转换成英语的名词 汉语中动词用得较多，除大量的动宾结构外，还有连动式、兼语式等两个动词连用的现象。而英语则不然，一句话往往只有一个谓语动词，而且英语的名词比汉语的名词用的多。因此，汉译英时常需要把汉语动词转化成英语名词。 1. 你必须好好地照顾照顾病人。You must take good care of the patient. 2. 他在讲话中特别强调强调提高产品质量。In his speech he laid special stress on ra
2、ising the quality of the products. 3. 绝对不许违反违反这个原则。 No violation of this principle can be tolerated. 4. 林则徐认为，要成功地禁止禁止鸦片买卖，就首先得把鸦片焚毁了。Lin Zexu believed that a successful ban of the opium trade must be proceeded by the destruction of the drug itself.二、汉语的动词转换成英语的形容词 汉语中一些表示知觉、情感等心理状态的动词，往往可以转换成形容词，通常
3、以 “be+形容词”结构来表达。如:1.获悉获悉贵国遭受地震，我们极为关切关切。We are deeply concerned at the news that your country has been struck by an earthquake.2. 我为她的健康担忧担忧。 I am anxious about her health.3. 他们怀疑怀疑他是否能负担的起。 They are doubtful whether he can afford it.4. 我们决不满足满足于现有的成就。 We are not content with our present achievement
4、s.三、汉语的动词转换成英语的介词1. 这些人闹闹什么呢？闹闹名誉，闹闹地位，闹闹出 风头。 What are these people after? They are after fame and position and want to be in the limelight.2.我们全体赞成赞成她的建议。We are all in favor of her suggestion.3.十一点时，他已经睡在睡在被窝里。He was between sheets by eleven.4.他们不顾不顾一切困难挫折，坚持工作。They kept on working in spite of all
5、 difficulties and setbacks.四、汉语的形容词或副词转换成英语的名词1.朱延年用热情的热情的款待把他的窘态遮盖过去。 Zhu Yannian covered up his embarrassment with the enthusiasm of his hospitality.2.空气是这样的清香，使人胸脯感到分外凉爽凉爽、舒畅舒畅。The air was fresh and fragrant, it gave people a feeling of exceptional coolness and comfort.3.街中的一切逐渐消失在灰暗的灰暗的暮色中。Every
6、thing was gradually disappearing into a pall of grey.练习翻译下列句子。1、中国成功地爆炸了第一颗原子弹，在全世界引起了巨大的反响。2、语言这个东西不是随便可以学好的，非下苦功不可。3、很难把这部小说列入哪一个类型中。4、他酷爱古典音乐。5、他们迫切地想弄到消息。第四讲(2) 同义词的英译同义词的英译 在同一语言里，几个词语表示同一个事件、动作概念是很普遍的，这是因为同一事件、动作或概念也有好多具体的情况。因而要准确无误地翻译，必须注意以下几点。 一、仔细辨析词义(1) 健康、卫生 adj:healthy, healthful, wholes
7、ome, fit, sound1.幼儿园的孩子们看上去健康活泼。The children in the kindergarten look healthy and lively.2.医院为病人提供有助于健康的食物。The patients are provided with a very healthful diet in the hospital.3 学校食堂做的饭菜卫生可口，我很爱吃I like the wholesome food prepared by the school canteens.(2) 比较v: compare, contrast, compete, analogy1.让
8、我们把原文和译文做一翻比较，看看有无出入。（分析） Lets make a contrast between the translation and the original so as to see if there is any discrepancy. (true or false? Why?)2.他的行为和诺言很不相符，很少有人相信他。 His conducts compares so sharply with his promise that few people believe him.(?)(3)成熟、熟透V: maturate, ripe, grow upadj:mature,
9、 squashy, ripe1.这个西瓜熟透熟透了，该摘了。These watermelons are just ripe. Its high time to pick them.2.这是一个成熟成熟的计划，现在的问题是如何实施。This is a well-considered plan. What is now important is how to put into effect.二、注意感情色彩的差异 (1) 嫉妒、羡慕v: be grudge, envy, grudge adj: green-eyed, envious, jealous1.学生们很羡慕羡慕他的博学。 Students
10、 admire him for his wide range of knowledge.2. 你不该妒忌妒忌人，说人家的坏话。Its unwise of you to be jealous of others and to speak evil of others.3.不少少女嫉妒嫉妒张小姐的美貌。Miss Zhangs beauty is the envy of a lot of women.三、注意搭配习惯1.撤消、取消1）那位贪污受贿的官员被撤消撤消了职务。2）取消取消中国的最惠国待遇，最大的受害 者将是美国。3）政府授权工商部门严厉取缔取缔投机倒把活 动。4）他因违章开车被永远吊销吊销
11、了驾驶执照。1).The official who is guilty of corruption and taking bribes has been dismissed from his post.2).The U.S. will suffer most if it discontinues Chinas most-favored-nation status.3).Departments in charge of industry and commerce are authorized by the government to ban speculation and profiteerin
12、g.4).His driving license has been revoked once and for all because of his violation of traffic regulations.2.有效、效率高1)这种药治风湿性关节炎挺有效有效。This medicine is effective against rheumatic arthritis.2)值勤的交警立即采取了有效有效的措施来疏导阻塞的车辆。The traffic policemen on point duty took effective measures to relieve traffic jams.
13、3)有效有效的管理是降低成本的重要因素。Efficient management is one of the factors which will lower production cost.四、区分文体意义1. 喜欢、青睐1）她特别喜欢喜欢唱卡拉OK。 she is especially fond of singing through karaoke set.2）以上事实说明中国出口商品越来越受到外国顾客的青睐青睐。The above facts lead to the conclusion that Chinese export commodities have enjoyed growi
14、ng favor among buyers abroad.2. 询问、审问1）昨天我打热线询问了一些关于如何购买、安装使用数字传呼机的问题。Yesterday I asked some questions through the hot line about buying, installing and using a digital B.P.2）警察正在审问犯人。The policeman was interrogating a criminal. 3. 困难、棘手1）那个小男孩把魔方摆弄了半天，摇摇头说：“真难！” Having tried a long time, the little
15、boy shook his head at Rubiks cube, saying, “this is too much”.2）老局长听完案情报告，皱着眉头道：“这个很棘手”Having heard the report on the case, the head of the public security bureau frowned, saying, “theres the rub.”练习一、口译下列词语1. 保护关税 2. 互惠关税3. 报复性关税4. 自由关税区5. 工商税 6. 增殖税7. 营业税 8 . 销售税protective tariffs reciprocal tarif
16、fspetaliatory tariffs tariff-free zoneindustrial and commercial taxbusiness tax sales taxvalue added tax二、翻译下列句子，注意同义词的处理。1. 不等她说完，那个业主已是勃然大怒勃然大怒。2. 现在本庭休庭休庭。下次开庭开庭时间是15点3. 他们在美国大使馆前集会集会，反对美国对其商品进行双重征税。5. 欧共体正在召开部长级会议会议讨论如何对付世贸组织中的技术性贸易壁垒问题。三、翻译下列句子，注意划线部分词语。1. 你真是不知好歹好歹。2. 万一她有个好歹好歹，我怎么办？3. 此事无足轻重轻重。4. 此人说话不知轻重轻重。
