1、Capacitive IsolationA Technical Overview TemperatureTemperatureThe RealThe RealWorldWorldPressurePressurePositionPositionSpeedSpeedFlowFlowHumidityHumiditySoundSoundLightLightISOLATIONPLCm mCDSPDIGITAL INTELLIGENCEADCTRANSCEIVERSTRANSCEIVERSRS-485/ CANRS-485/ CANSignal IsolationSignal IsolationWhat
2、is Isolation?What is Isolation?Galvanic isolation:Galvanic isolation: Although Circuit 1 and Circuit 2 exchange signals, Although Circuit 1 and Circuit 2 exchange signals, no current (electrons) pass from Circuit 1 to Circuit 2.no current (electrons) pass from Circuit 1 to Circuit 2.Why is isolation
3、 required in electrical systems:Why is isolation required in electrical systems: Break ground loops Break ground loops Reduce common mode noise Reduce common mode noise Safety from high voltages Safety from high voltages Circuit 1Circuit 2SignalsVoltage supply 1Voltage supply 2Ground 1Ground 2Why Is
4、olation?Why Isolation?Ground LoopsGround Loops More than one conductive path between two circuits creates a ground-loop Multiple ground paths may lead to unintended equalization currentsGround loop can be broken by Disconnecting the grounds Common-mode chokes Frequency selective grounding Differenti
5、al amplifiers Galvanic isolatorsOnly galvanic isolation provides protection for very large potential differencesWhy Isolation?Why Isolation?Common Mode NoiseCommon Mode NoiseSignals referencedto GND1Signals referencedto GND2Basic/Functional IsolationBasic/Functional Isolationvs. Reinforced Isolation
6、vs. Reinforced Isolation“An improved basic insulation with such “An improved basic insulation with such mechanical and electrical properties mechanical and electrical properties that, in itself, the insulation provides that, in itself, the insulation provides the same degree of protection against th
7、e same degree of protection against electrical shock as double insulation. electrical shock as double insulation. It may consist of one or more layers of It may consist of one or more layers of insulation material.” UL-60950-1insulation material.” UL-60950-1Basic/Functional IsolationBasic/Functional
8、 Isolationvs. Reinforced Isolation (contd)vs. Reinforced Isolation (contd)When is Reinforced required:When is Reinforced required:- 6kVpp systems (e.g. 600V IGBTs/FETs)6kVpp systems (e.g. 600V IGBTs/FETs)- Today: all Medical applications (5kVrms!) Today: all Medical applications (5kVrms!) - Future:
9、Medical applications for Future: Medical applications for isolation from the patientisolation from the patientNote: this is not complete and subject to Note: this is not complete and subject to change. Exceptions may apply!change. Exceptions may apply!Applications utilizing Applications utilizing Is
10、olationIsolationPrimary Task:Isolation between High-Power and Control SignalsIsolation of Bus-Nodes to prevent Corruption of the complete Bus & Common Mode RejectionIndustrial: RoboticsRobotics PLC input/output PLC input/output isolationisolation Industrial networksIndustrial networks Motor controlM
11、otor control Power suppliesPower suppliesApplications utilizing Applications utilizing IsolationIsolationCommunications:Communications: PBX (Private Branch Exchange) and central office Telephone terminal equipment Telephone switching equipment Modems ISDN Ethernet / PoEMedical:Medical: Microwave the
12、rapy Patient monitoring Electrocardiographs DefibrillatorsPrimary Task:Medical:Isolation between Power and PatientCommunications:Isolation between Power and CallerIsolation of Bus-Nodes to prevent Corruption of the complete BusConsumer Electronics:Consumer Electronics: Video (TV, VCR, etc.) Plasma d
13、isplays Electronic gaming Home appliancesApplications utilizing Applications utilizing IsolationIsolationComputers & Office EquipmentComputers & Office Equipment Isolated I/O Printers and plotters Fax machinesPrimary Task:Isolation between High-Power and UserNomenclatures / Definitions (1/3)Nomencla
14、tures / Definitions (1/3) Operation Voltage:Voltage that may be applied continuously across the Isolation barrier, mostly 560Vpk or 890Vpk Transient Voltage:Voltage that may occur temporarily across the barrier (tested per VDE for 1 minute), mostly 4kVpk (relates to 3kVrms per UL, as tested for 10s
15、only) or 6kVpk Surge VoltageSingle event surge, with the assumption that all effects have been recovered from prior to another surge-event, mostly rated for a 10kV single peak.Nomenclatures / Definitions (2/3)Nomenclatures / Definitions (2/3) Basic / Functional Isolation:Assumes a single level of is
16、olation with a certain strength. Applicable for most applications in industrial for fieldbusses and AC-equipment up to 400Vrms, and for consumer electronics. Mostly rated at 560Vpk continuous, 4kVpk transient voltage. Reinforced / Double Isolation:Double Isolation assumes a two-level isolation with
17、a certain strength each. Reinforced addresses a single level of isolation that, however, provides the same reliability as the two-layer. Applicable for most medical applications and AC-equipment above 400Vrms. Mostly rated at 890Vpk continuous, 6kVpk transient , 10kV surge voltage. Medical needs 5kV
18、rms transient.Intrinsically safe Applications demand double isolation.Note: the End-equipment-standard (e.g. IEC-60950 for communications or IEC-60601-1 for medical) dictates what is needed on silicon levelNomenclatures / Definitions (3/3)Nomenclatures / Definitions (3/3) Common Mode Transient Suppr
19、ession:Discusses the quick change in Reference potential primary to secondary. Its given as the dU/dt up to which no false toggeling of the output will occur (e.g. 35kV/us). Usually scales linearly with Vcc. Creepage and ClearanceDiscusses the surface-distance that may conduct if wet/polluted, respe
20、ctively the air-distance. For 560V/4kV mostly 4mm is sufficient, for 890V/6kV mostly 8mm is needed. Depends on pollution degree5 Questions5 Questions to allow educated solution-proposals to allow educated solution-proposals1.1. Isolation strength: Isolation strength: basic/reinforced?basic/reinforce
21、d?2.2. Isolation voltage: Isolation voltage: 4kVpeak, 560Vpeak continuos / 4kVpeak, 560Vpeak continuos / 6kVpeak, 890V peak continous?6kVpeak, 890V peak continous?3.3. Stand-alone isolation or integration Stand-alone isolation or integration (Transceiver, Gate-Driver, Data-Converter)?(Transceiver, G
22、ate-Driver, Data-Converter)?4.4. Supply Voltages?Supply Voltages?5.5. Channel-count?Channel-count?New Generation Capacitive New Generation Capacitive IsolationIsolationHigh voltage capacitor High voltage capacitor Isolator constructionIsolator constructionTop plate = CuBottom Plate = Silicon Substra
23、te (doped)Inter Level DielectricMold compoundBond wire Min 8m mmHigh Voltage Capacitor ConstructionPackage/ designationCreepage mmClearance mmNarrow body SOIC/ D4.84.3 Gull wing / DUB6.8 6.1Wide body SOIC/ DW8.1 8.3 Creepage distance:Creepage distance: Shortest distance between two conductive input
24、to output leads measured along surface of insulation.Clearance distance:Clearance distance: Shortest distance between two conductive input to output leads measured through air (line of sight).Note: Package-changed and now allows 8.3mm min !Actual Die-PictureActual Die-PictureIts all capacitiveIts al
25、l capacitiveAll isolated couplers can be modeled as I/O and capacitive coupled (active or parasitic)Capa-citiveISO72XInductiveADuM1xxxGMRIL7xxOpticalHCPL-07xxCIO1 pF1 pF1.1 pF0.6 pFe, materialSiO2=4.5 Polyimide=2.8Polyimide=2.8Mold comp.e=3.6CapacitiveOpticalGMRInductiveSource: TI App note SLLA198 p
26、arametersTiming parametersMed.Perf. OptoHighPerf. OptoMagnetic CapacitiveSignaling RateMbpss50Mbps150Mbps 200MbpsPropagation Delay Time100ns20ns32ns12nsPulse Width Distortion35ns2ns2ns1.5nsCh-Ch-skew40ns16ns2ns1.6nsPart-Part-Skew40ns20ns10ns2nsCompetitive ComparisonCompetitive ComparisonReliability
27、(1/2)Reliability (1/2)Med.Perf. OptoHighPerf. OptoMagnetic CapacitiveESD on all PinsNo specNo spec / 2kVNo spec / 2kV4kVCM Transient Immunity5kV/us20kV/us25kV/us25kV/usTemperature-40.85oC-40.125oC -40.125oC -55.125oCCompetitive ComparisonCompetitive ComparisonReliability (2/2)Reliability (2/2)60% co
28、nfidence90% confidenceTech-nologyAmbient Temp.MTTF yearsFITMTTF yearsFITCapa-citive125oC56392122555055oC4395200.31758080.7Magnetic125oC33583417466555oC2608250.441356060.84Optical125oC20572781439150oC290394115990Sample size / failures: ISO721: 45447 / 0; ADuM1201: 35411 / 1; HCPL-0721: 160 / 0Competi
29、tive ComparisonCompetitive ComparisonMagnetic ImmunityMagnetic ImmunityIEC 61000-4-8IEC 61000-4-8 1KHz Field Frequency1KHz Field Frequency 10106 6 x higher Immunity than ADUM1100 x higher Immunity than ADUM1100Source: TI App note SLLA181A on above link for web info)E-field immunity Test ReportE-fiel
30、d immunity Test ReportTHANK YOUSUCCESS2022-5-1524可编辑E-field immunity Test ReportE-field immunity Test ReportMagneticMagneticISO7221CISO7221C1Mbps: Comparison of Radiated Noise Spectrum Antenna 1Mbps: Comparison of Radiated Noise Spectrum Antenna HorizontalHorizontalMagnetic: 1Mbps operation Magnetic
31、: 1Mbps operation 5V Vcc5V VccISO7221: 1Mbps operation ISO7221: 1Mbps operation 5V Vcc 5V VccEN55022 Class B Radiations TestingEN55022 Class B Radiations Testing25Mbps: Comparison of Radiated Noise Spectrum Antenna 25Mbps: Comparison of Radiated Noise Spectrum Antenna HorizontalHorizontalMagnetic: 2
32、5Mbps operation Magnetic: 25Mbps operation 5V Vcc 5V VccISO7221: 25Mbps ISO7221: 25Mbps operation 5V Vccoperation 5V VccEN55022 Class B Radiations TestingEN55022 Class B Radiations TestingCompetitive Comparison Competitive Comparison High Voltage LifetimeHigh Voltage LifetimeSource: TI App note SLLA
33、197 expectancy:ISO72x CompetitionISO72xADUM1100Competitive Comparison Competitive Comparison High Voltage LifetimeHigh Voltage LifetimeUsing widely accepted E-Model methodologyUsing widely accepted E-Model methodologyADUM1100ADUM1100ISO72xISO72xISO72x: Life expectancy is 28 years at ISO72x: Life exp
34、ectancy is 28 years at 560Vpeak or 400Vrms560Vpeak or 400VrmsCompetition: Life expectancy 10 yearsCompetition: Life expectancy 30khIcc ComparisonIcc ComparisonFigure of Merritt:Figure of Merritt:Bandwidth per Supply CurrentBandwidth per Supply CurrentCompetitive Comparison Competitive Comparison Pow
35、er Up/DownPower Up/DownISO721ADUM1100Power up behavior:Vcc2 power supply is onInput state is L Ch 1 is Output: Transition from failsafe H to LCh2 is Vcc1 being turned on, typical turn on time is in milli sec.Power down behavior:Vcc2 power supply is onInput state is L Ch 1 is Output: Transition from
36、L to failsafe HCh2 is Vcc1 being turned off, typical turn off time is in milli sec.TI Makes Isolators Easy to UseTI Makes Isolators Easy to U Get Started TodayGet Started TodayuEvaluation modulesEvaluation modulesuSamplesSamplesuApplications supportApplications supportuIBIS modelsIBIS modelsuData sh
37、eetsData sheetsuTechnical documentationTechnical documentationuApplication notes on:Application notes on:wHigh-Voltage LifetimeHigh-Voltage LifetimewMagnetic Field ImmunityMagnetic Field ImmunitywISO72x Family of Digital ISO72x Family of Digital IsolatorsIsolatorsuComplements TIs industrial Compleme
38、nts TIs industrial product portfolio: interface, product portfolio: interface, data converter, DSP, MCU, data converter, DSP, MCU, amplifier, power & logicamplifier, power & logicIsolated Products Stand-AloneIsolated Products Stand-AloneSinglesSinglesTriplesTriplesQuadsQuadsDualsDualsISO7240A/C/MISO
39、7240A/C/MISO7241A/C/MISO7241A/C/MISO7242A/C/MISO7242A/C/MISO7230A/C/MISO7230A/C/MISO7231A/C/MISO7231A/C/MISO7220A/B/C/MISO7220A/B/C/MISO7221A/B/C/MISO7221A/B/C/MISO721/MISO721/MISO722/MISO722/MTriplesTriplesQuadsQuadsDualsDualsISO7440MISO7440MISO7441MISO7441MISO7430MISO7430MISO7431MISO7431MISO7420MI
40、SO7420MISO7421MISO7421MISO7640MISO7640MISO7641MISO7641MISO7630MISO7630MISO7631MISO7631MISO7620MISO7620MISO7621MISO7621M560Vpk (cont)4kV pk (transient)890Vpk+ (cont)6kV pk (transient)10kV (surge, tbc)Available todayLow-Power-versions, pin-compatible with ISO72xx560Vpk (cont); 4kV pk (transient)(Click
41、 on Product for more information)Isolated Products IntegratedIsolated Products Integrated2nd order D-S Modulator (4kV)2nd order D-S Modulator (4kV)AMC1203AMC120310MHz10MHzISO1176, ISO308x,ISO1176, ISO308x,ISO1x, ISO3xISO1x, ISO3xIsolated Transceivers RS-Isolated Transceivers RS-485485(Click on Produ
42、ct for more information)2nd order D-S Modulator (6kV)2nd order D-S Modulator (6kV)AMC1204AMC120420MHz20MHzIsolated RS-485TransceiverIsolated RS-485Transceiverwith Integrated with Integrated Transformer Driver Transformer Driver ISO1177ISO1177RTM: 1Q10RTM: 1Q10Samples: 1Q10Samples: 1Q10Isolated CAN T
43、ransceiver Isolated CAN Transceiver ISO1050ISO1050PreviewPreviewCross-Reference to ADICross-Reference to ADISee ESP under “product family presentations” in the isolation product-See ESP under “product family presentations” in the isolation product-folders:folders:Continued (also in speaker notes)Sin
44、gle Channel Signal Isolators:Single Channel Signal Isolators:ISO72xISO72x4000Vpeak Isolation560Vpeak continuousSignaling Rate Options (ISO721B: 5Mbps, ISO721: 100Mbps, ISO721M: 150 Mbps)UL 1577, IEC 60747-5-2 (VDE 0884, Rev. 2), IEC 61010-1 and CSA Approved3.3V/5V Operation (any combination)25 kV/s
45、Transient Immunity and High Electromagnetic ImmunityFailsafe Output and High Impedance at Input and Output with Low Vcc Multi-Channel Stand-alone Isolators: Multi-Channel Stand-alone Isolators: DualsDualsx designates speed option: A = 1Mbps; B = 5Mbps; C = 25Mbps; M = 150MbpsMulti-Channel Stand-alon
46、e Isolators: Multi-Channel Stand-alone Isolators: TriplesTriplesx xx xx designates speed option: A = 1Mbps; C = 25Mbps; M = 150MbpsAll in DW packagexxMulti-Channel Stand-alone Isolators: Multi-Channel Stand-alone Isolators: Quad-channelQuad-channelx designates speed option: A = 1Mbps; C = 25Mbps; M
47、= 150MbpsAll in DW packagex xx xx xIsolated 485 TransceiversIsolated 485 TransceiversISO308x, ISO1x, ISO3x “Standard RS-485” 3.3V and 5V half-duplex and full-duplex (176 and 180 configuration) 1Mbps and 25Mbps no IDODE outputISO1176 : Isolated RS/485 ProfiBus 5V half-duplex 25Mbps optimized for Prof
48、ibus-Applications ISODE availableIsolated CAN Transceiver Isolated CAN Transceiver ISO1050 5V CAN transceiver ISO11898 compliant 3.3V/5V isolated logic interface High EM Immunity 15kV/us transient immunity Bus fault protection of -27V to 40V Dominant timeout function Thermal Shutdown protection High
49、 Input impedance with low Vcc 1MbpsISO 485 with Transformer Driver ISO 485 with Transformer Driver Simple Complete Solution - ISO1177 / ISO37 / ISO3088Simple Complete Solution - ISO1177 / ISO37 / ISO3088 1Mbps / 20Mbps /40Mbps1Mbps / 20Mbps /40Mbps 1/8 Unit load 256 nodes on a 1/8 Unit load 256 node
50、s on a busbus Glitch-Free Glitch-Free FailsafeFailsafe (Open, Shorted, Idle) (Open, Shorted, Idle) Silicon Integrated Silicon Integrated SiOSiO2 2 InsulatorInsulator 4kVpk / 2500Vrms Isolation, 4kVpk / 2500Vrms Isolation, 560V working / operating560V working / operating UL1577, UL1577, IEC 60747-5-2
