1、宁波大学2021年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题(B卷) (答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码： 861总分值： 150科目名称：英汉互译I. Term Definition and Explanation（510 points50 points）Directions: There are all together 5 terms concerning translation theory and practice in this part. You are required to define and explain each term with a maximum of 100 word
2、s in English. All your answers must be written on the Answer Sheet. 1. free translation2. foreignization3. overt translation4. cohesion5. culture-bound termsII. English-Chinese Translation （230 points =60 points）Directions: There are two English passages in this part. You are required to translate t
3、he passages into Chinese. Marks will be awarded for faithfulness and appropriateness. Please write all your translations on the Answer Sheet. Passage One Evolution is a wellestablished fact. Only the explanations of how evolution happens or looks natural selection, genetic processes and family trees
4、 can be called theories. But evolution itself is not a theory. In order to understand the origin of language, the origin of life more generally must be considered in order to frame the discussion. And that requires evolution.Humans enjoy a privilege unique among all other life forms that enables the
5、m to contemplate their origin. And yet, all human perspectives are culturally shaped. Therefore, along with superior mental powers, cultures not only guide humans understanding of the world but also define what is worth looking at. Culture constrains how humans justify their reasoning. Scienceemerge
6、s from and is shaped by the values of culture, different social roles and the knowledge structures that have been sanctioned by society (that is, what knowledge is and how different components of our knowledge are related to one another).Culture is one reason that different scientists take different
7、 views on the fossil evidence. It is not merely disagreement about the facts, though that too is important. Richard Feynman was one of the first to notice that results of physics experiments tended to be closer to published expectations than one would have otherwise expected. This points to one cult
8、ural effect in scienceknown as “confirmation bias（确认偏差）”. Even though consideration is given only to science, there is no escaping from the shadow of cultural influences. Interpretations of much of the fossil record change regularly. My conclusions here are no different, although this difference mak
9、es them no better or worse than other conclusions until more data is brought to bear. （273 words）Passage Two There are three main critiques of big tech.The first is that it is destroying the young. Social media promises an end to loneliness but actually produces an increase in solitude and an intens
10、e awareness of social exclusion. Texting and other technologies give you more control over your social interactions but also lead to thinner interactions and less real engagement with the world.Since the spread of the smartphone, teens are much less likely to hang out with friends, they are less lik
11、ely to date, they are less likely to work. Eighth graders who spend 10 or more hours a week on social media are 56 percent more likely to say they are unhappy than those who spend less time. Eighth graders who are heavy users of social media increase their risk of depression by 27 percent. Teens who
12、 spend three or more hours a day on electronic devices are 35 percent more likely to have a risk factor for suicide, like making a plan for how to do it. Girls, especially hard hit, have experienced a 50 percent rise in depressive symptoms.The second critique of the tech industry is that it is causi
13、ng this addiction on purpose, to make money. Tech companies understand what causes dopamine surges in the brain and they lace their products with “hijacking techniques” that lure us in and create “compulsion loops.”The third critique is that Apple, Amazon, Google and Facebook are near monopolies tha
14、t use their market power to invade the private lives of their users and impose unfair conditions on content creators and smaller competitors. （265 words）III. Chinese-English Translation （220 points =40 points） Directions: There are two Chinese passages in this part. You are required to translate the
15、m into English. Marks will be awarded for faithfulness and appropriateness. Please write all your translations on the Answer Sheet. Passage One有人对中国的发展抱有疑虑。他们认为，在人类发展史上，没有哪个大国的崛起是通过和平手段实现的。事实上，这种担忧是没有必要的。在相互依存的全球化时代，中国的发展离不开世界，世界的发展同样离不开中国。中国致力于同各国在政治上相互尊重、平等协商、和谐相处，尊重各国人民自主选择社会制度和发展道路的权利，坚持各国平等参与国际
16、事务，共同推进国际关系民主化；在经济上相互合作、优势互补，共同推动经济全球化进程朝着均衡、普惠、共赢方向发展；在文化上相互借鉴、求同存异，尊重世界多样性，共同促进人类文明繁荣进步；在安全上相互信任、加强合作，坚持用和平方式解决国际争端，共同维护世界和平稳定；在环保上相互帮助、协力推进，共同呵护人类赖以生存的地球家园。（315字）Passage Two 大自然之美处处可见。宇宙即是其殿堂。美展现在春天无数的花朵里。美存在于随风摇曳的树枝与如茵绿草之中。在陆地及海底的深处皆可见到美的芳踪。美在贝壳及宝石的色泽中绽放。所有的人都应该设法去认识大自然之美。我们所踩过的小虫以及随着秋风飘舞的树叶，皆值得我们观赏。欣赏美的能力不仅可以增加我们快乐的源泉，也可以拓展我们的德性(moral nature )。美使我们不安的心平静下来，也驱散了我们的忧虑。走进田野或森林，在夏日的海滨或山中花上一天的时光，那么你所有的微不足道的困惑和焦虑都会一扫而空。倾听优美的音乐，你那无谓的恐惧和琐碎的猜忌都会消逝无踪。世界之美有助于我们寻找与发现善良之美。 (275 字）第 3 页 共 3 页
