1、1一般现在时：一般现在时：表示经常性、习惯性的动作，也可表示经常性、习惯性的动作，也可用于陈述真理、客观事实。用于陈述真理、客观事实。1.When I was young, our teachers often told us that knowledge is power.2. He often comes late. 3. The sun rises in the east and sets down in the west.4. Practice makes perfect.2一般过去时：一般过去时：是是与与“现在没有联系的时态现在没有联系的时态”，只强调过去只强调过去的事实，不强调与现
2、在的关系；语境中的过的事实，不强调与现在的关系；语境中的过去式常表示去式常表示“刚才刚才,曾经曾经”之意，之意，暗示现在已暗示现在已“不再这样不再这样”。表示对过去某时或某时期的表示对过去某时或某时期的动作或状态，或过去习惯的动作。动作或状态，或过去习惯的动作。1.Your phone number again? I didnt quite catch it.2.He wrote many plays when he was at college.3. -Nancy is not coming tonight. -But she promised.3进行体：进行体：它具有暂时性、持续性、未完成
3、性的特点。它具有暂时性、持续性、未完成性的特点。现在进行时：现在进行时：表示此刻或现阶段进行的动作。表示此刻或现阶段进行的动作。过去进行时：过去进行时：用来表示过去特定的某一时刻正在发生或过用来表示过去特定的某一时刻正在发生或过去某一段时间内持续发生的事情。去某一段时间内持续发生的事情。4进行体：进行体： 一个长动作作为背景，被一个短动作打断，长一个长动作作为背景，被一个短动作打断，长动作往往用进行体，短动作用一般体。如：动作往往用进行体，短动作用一般体。如：My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. Th
4、e reporter said that the UFO was traveling from east to west when he saw it. 表示动作的未完性、暂时性。如：表示动作的未完性、暂时性。如：I dont really work here; I am just helping out until the new secretary arrives. Selecting a mobile phone for a personal use is not easy task because technology is changing so rapidly.5 表示计划、安排要
5、做的事。如：表示计划、安排要做的事。如：Ive won a holiday for two days to Florida. I am taking my mum. What were you doing when Tony phoned you ? I had just finished my work and was starting to take a shower. 表示现在或当时发展中的或正在进行的情况。表示现在或当时发展中的或正在进行的情况。I first met Lisa 3 years ago. She was working at a radio shop at the ti
6、me. Hey, look where you are going! Oh, Im terribly sorry, I wasnt noticing. 6 进行时态与进行时态与constantly, always, forever连用，带有感情色彩（如感叹、惊讶、厌烦连用，带有感情色彩（如感叹、惊讶、厌烦等）。等）。Im always hearing strange things about him.He is always leaving things about.7下列几类动词不用进行时时态下列几类动词不用进行时时态 感知或感觉的动词：感知或感觉的动词：hear, see, seem, s
7、mell, sound, look, feel等。等。 表示心理或情感的动词：表示心理或情感的动词：like, love, hate, prefer, wish等。等。 表示状态存在的动词：表示状态存在的动词：be, exist, remain, stay, 等。等。 表示占有或存属关系动词：表示占有或存属关系动词：have, own, belong, contain等。等。 表示思考、理解等心理活动的动词：表示思考、理解等心理活动的动词：believe, doubt, forget, know, remember, understand等。等。8现在完成时：现在完成时：表示表示过去过去的动作
8、或状态对的动作或状态对现在现在的影响或对的影响或对现在造成的结果。以现在时间为参照点。现在造成的结果。以现在时间为参照点。Eg. He has served in the army for 5 years. He served in the army from 1952 to 1954.现在完成时常用的状语有现在完成时常用的状语有already, yet, never, before lately, recently, in the last / past few days / years (在过去的这几天在过去的这几天/年里年里)，since then, up to now, so far,
9、 upon to now等等91. Although he has lived with us for years, he _ us much impression. A. hadnt left B. didnt leave C. doesnt leave D. hasnt left2. I in London for many years，but Ive never regretted my final decision to move back to China. A. lived B. was living C. have lived D. had lived 3. He _ footb
10、all regularly for many years when he was young. A. was playing B. played C. has played D. had played 10过去完成时：过去完成时：表示表示过去的过去过去的过去，应有一个过去的时间做参，应有一个过去的时间做参点。点。Eg. She had been ill for a week before she came back. She has been ill for a week. （现在仍在生病）（现在仍在生病）注：在注：在before或或after引导的时间状语从句中可以引导的时间状语从句中可以用
11、一般过去时代替过去完成时。用一般过去时代替过去完成时。After he left the room, a thief came in.We arrived home before it rained.111. All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness . Ahas grown Bis growing Cgrew Dhad grown2. My mind wasnt on what he was saying, so Im afraid I _ half of it. A.
12、was missing B. had missed C. will miss D. missed12注：表示愿望、打算一类的词，如：注：表示愿望、打算一类的词，如：hope, expect, mean, intend, want, think, suppose, want 等，等，其过去完成时表示过去未增实现的愿望或意图。其过去完成时表示过去未增实现的愿望或意图。如：如：I had hoped to see more of Shanghai. I had meant to help you, but I was too busy at the moment.I had thought you
13、would come tomorrow. 13现在完成进行时：现在完成进行时：表示动作过去发生，表示动作过去发生，持续持续到现在并到现在并有可有可能能继续持续下去。继续持续下去。Eg. The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years. The CCTV has been broadcasting English programmes ever since 1977.14过去完成进行时：过去完成进行时：表示一个动作在过去某一时刻开始，一直持表示一个动作在过去某一时刻开始，一直持续到另一个过去时刻，也可能继续持续下去。续到另一个过
14、去时刻，也可能继续持续下去。Eg. Because he had not been doing his work well, he was fired.15将来时：将来时：表示即将发生的动作或状态。表示即将发生的动作或状态。1.一般现在时表将来的用法常用于谈论时间表、节一般现在时表将来的用法常用于谈论时间表、节目单或日程表上所安排好的事情，只限于少数动目单或日程表上所安排好的事情，只限于少数动词如词如begin, come, leave, go, arrive, start, stop, return, open, close等。等。The concert begins at 7:00 and
15、 ends at 9:00.The train starts at 9 in the morning.162.在在if, unless, even if 引导的条件状语从句中，引导的条件状语从句中，在在when, before, until (till), as soon as, the moment, once 引导的时间状语从句中，如果主句引导的时间状语从句中，如果主句是将来时（往往出现是将来时（往往出现will / shall / can / must ），），从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时。（即从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时。（即“主将主将从现从现”）如：）如： Ill go with
16、 you as soon as I finish my work. Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.173. 进行时将来：表示计划、安排要做的事。如：进行时将来：表示计划、安排要做的事。如：Ive won a holiday for two days to Florida. I am taking my mum. What were you doing when Tony phoned you ? I had just finished my work and was starting to take a shower.
17、Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane _.A. takes off B. is taking off C. has taken off D. took off184. be to do sth.表示按计划或安排要做的事表示按计划或安排要做的事When are you to leave for two days to New York?She is to get married next month.注：注：was/were to do sth.表示表示“命中注定要发生命中注定要发生的事的事”; was/we
18、re to have done则表示未曾实现则表示未曾实现的计划。的计划。We were to have told you, but you were not in.194. be to do sth. 表示表示“指令指令”，相当于，相当于should, ought to, must, have to。例如：。例如： You are to report to the police. 你应该报警。你应该报警。 The books in this room are not to be taken outside. (The books in this room mustnt be taken ou
19、tside.) 这个室内的书籍不得带出室外。这个室内的书籍不得带出室外。 表示表示“想，打算想，打算”，相当于，相当于intend, want。例。例如：如：If we are to be there before ten, well have to gonow. 204. be to do sth. 用于第一人称疑问句，表示征求对方意见。如：用于第一人称疑问句，表示征求对方意见。如： What are we to do next? 在与在与be 连用的结构中，连用的结构中，see, find, congratulate 的不定式被动式有特殊的用法。的不定式被动式有特殊的用法。 The new
20、s is to be found in the evening paper. He is nowhere to be seen. You are to be congratulated. 应当向您表示祝贺。应当向您表示祝贺。 215. will/shall will的特殊用法：的特殊用法：可以用于表示事先未考虑可以用于表示事先未考虑过，即说话时临时想到的。过，即说话时临时想到的。Eg. -youve left the light on. -Oh, so I have. I will go and turn it off.226. be going to do sth. 表示表示意图、打算或有迹
21、象意图、打算或有迹象发生某事；但发生某事；但be going to 不能用于条件状语从句的主句中。不能用于条件状语从句的主句中。Eg. They are going to get married soon. Look at the dark clouds; its going to rain. If it is fine, were going to go fishing. ( )注：注：was/were going to do sth.表示过去将来或表示过去将来或表表示过去未曾实现的愿望或想法。示过去未曾实现的愿望或想法。-Alice, why didnt you come yesterda
22、y?-I was going to, but I had an unexpected visitor.237. be about to do sth. when = be on the point of doing sth. when “即将做某事这时即将做某事这时”Eg. He was about to leave when the telephone rang.24将来进行时：将来进行时：表示将来某一时刻正在发生的动作；也表示将来某一时刻正在发生的动作；也可表示按计划去做某事。可表示按计划去做某事。1. She wont be able to come next week, because
23、 she _ herself in Mount Tai then.A.enjoys B. will be enjoyingC. is enjoying D. will have enjoying2. -Did you write to Peter last month? -No, but I _ him this June.A. will be seen B. will be seeingC. will have been seeing D. will have seen25将来完成时：表示将来某一时刻已经完将来完成时：表示将来某一时刻已经完成的动作成的动作By the time he fin
24、ishes the part-time job, he _ much work experience.A. will gain B. will have gainedC. has gained D. had gained26约定俗成的句式结构：约定俗成的句式结构： (This) It is/was the first time that have done/had doneThis is the first time I have come here.It was the third time (that) he had made the same mistake. It was / had
25、been + 一段时间一段时间 + sincehad doneIt was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time. (试比较：试比较：It is/has been + 一段时间一段时间+ sincedid)27约定俗成的句式结构：约定俗成的句式结构： be about to do/ be on the point of doing sthwhen意为意为“即将即将（这时）突然（这时）突然”I was about to go out when the telephone rang. be (was /were) + doing when
26、 意为意为“正正在干在干（这时）突然（这时）突然”。如。如They were reading when Tom shouted in pain. Hardly/No sooner haddonewhen/thandid 表示表示“刚刚刚刚就就”。Hardly (No sooner) had I got home when (than) the rain poured down. 28约定俗成的句式结构：约定俗成的句式结构： It will be/was + 一段时间一段时间 + beforedo/did.如：如：It wont be long before he succeeds. It wa
27、s ten years before they met again. 29被动语态：被动语态：常用的九种被动语态形式常用的九种被动语态形式1、am / is /are done （一般现在时）（一般现在时）2、was /were done（一般过去时）（一般过去时）3、will /shall be done （一般将来时）（一般将来时）4、would be done （过去将来时）（过去将来时）5、am /is / are being done （现在进行时）（现在进行时）6、was /were being done （过去进行时）（过去进行时）7、has /have been done （现
28、在完成时）（现在完成时）8、had been done （过去完成时）（过去完成时）9、情态动词、情态动词 be done （情态动词）（情态动词）30被动语态：被动语态：That old man was often laughed at. The doctor has been sent for. Time must be made good use of. The plan ought to be put into practice as soon as possible. Bad habits have been done away with. 注：注： be seen /heard /
29、noticed /felt / watched /observed /made /had to do sth.Tom was made to recite those dull poems.31被动语态：被动语态：“get + 过去分词过去分词”也可以表示被动，此结也可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化，如：构比较口语化，如：She got married last week. He fell off the car and got killed. 32主动形式表被动意义主动形式表被动意义：1系动词系动词look, sound, feel, smell, taste, appear, seem, g
30、o, prove, turn, stay, remain, become, fall, get, grow, keep + 形容词形容词/名词构成名词构成系表结构。系表结构。The steel feels cold. His plan proved (to be) practical. It has gone bad. 2表示开始、结束、运动的动词。如表示开始、结束、运动的动词。如begin, finish, start, open, close, stop, end, shut, run, move 等。等。Work began at 7 oclock this morning. The s
31、hop closes at 6 p.m. every day. 33主动形式表被动意义主动形式表被动意义：3表示主语的某种属性特征的动词。如表示主语的某种属性特征的动词。如read, write, iron, cut, drive, sell, wash, clean, wear, open, cook, lock, shut, dry, eat, drink。这类动词。这类动词一般不单独使用，常用一个修饰语。一般不单独使用，常用一个修饰语。如：如：This coat dries easily. 这种外衣容易干。这种外衣容易干。Nylon cleans easily. 尼龙容易洗干净。尼龙容易
32、洗干净。The door wont lock. 这门锁不上。这门锁不上。Your speech reads well. 你的演说讲得好。你的演说讲得好。This material has worn thin. 这个材料已经磨薄这个材料已经磨薄了。了。34主动形式表被动意义主动形式表被动意义：His book does not sell. 他的书没有销路。他的书没有销路。Your pen writes smoothly. 你的笔好写。你的笔好写。The engine wont start. 引擎发动不起来。引擎发动不起来。This knife cuts well. 这把刀子很快。这把刀子很快。T
33、he cloth washes well. 这布很耐洗。这布很耐洗。354. “主语主语 + be adj. to do”中的中的to do有不定时的主有不定时的主动表示被动含义。动表示被动含义。The fish is not fit to eat.The chair is hard to sit in.The book is difficult to understand.注：注：be worth doing中的中的doing；need/require/want doing中的中的doing；及；及be to blame中的中的to blame都是主动表被动。都是主动表被动。5belong
34、to, take place, happen, occur, come about等不用于被动语态等不用于被动语态主动形式表被动意义主动形式表被动意义：36被动语态：被动语态：1.I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _. A. to be breathed B. to breathe C. breathing D. being breathing2.Mr. Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one _. A. blamed B. blaming C. to blame D. to be blamed37
