1、 Unit 4 SPACE EXPLORATION 单词详解课件单词详解课件1. an interview with 对的采访 have an interview 有面试 go for an interview= attend an interview get an interview 得到面试机会 a job interview 求职面试interview sb. for 为面试某人interview sb. about 就采访某人give sb. an interview 面试某人give an interview to sb. 接受某人的采访fail the job interview
2、求职面试失败2. procedure: n.程序程序;步骤步骤;手续手续 the procedure for doing sth. 做做某事的程序某事的程序/步骤步骤/手续手续1)Do you know anything about the selection procedure for astronauts?2)The results show clearly that this procedure is correct.3)Whats the procedure for opening a bank account(账户账户)？3. curious adj. 好奇的 be curious
3、about 对好奇 be curious to do sth. 好奇做某事 curiosity n. 好奇，好奇心 satisfy ones curiosity 满足某人的好奇心 have curiosity to do sth. 有做某事的好奇心 arouse ones curiosity about 唤起某人关于的好奇心 show curiosity about 对显示出好奇心 out of/ through /from curiosity 处于好奇心 with curiosity=curiously 好奇地4. mental: adj. 精神的精神的; 思想思想的的 mental ill
4、ness 精神病精神病 mental health 心理健康心理健康 mental suffering 精神痛苦精神痛苦 mental powers 智力智力 mental state 心理状态心理状态 mentally adv. 精神上；智力上；思想上精神上；智力上；思想上 physical: adj. 身体身体的的;物理的物理的 keep physically and mentally healthy 保持身心健康保持身心健康 Astronauts not only had to learn how to use space equipment, but also had to do a
5、lot of mental and physical training.5. graduate from +学校 从毕业 graduate in +专业 毕业于专业 university graduates 大学毕业生 a history graduate = a graduate in history 一名历史专业毕业生 a Yale graduate = a graduate of Yale 一名耶鲁大学毕业生注意注意：graduate是非延续性动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。He has graduated for three years. 【错误】He graduated from
6、 college three years ago.【正确】It is three years since he graduated from college. 【正确】6. in height/weight 高高/重重 three meters in height/width/length = three meters high/wide/long 3米高/宽/长 2kg in weight 2千克重 at a height of 3,000 meters 在3000米的高度7.be closely/strongly related to 与与有密切关系有密切关系be directly rel
7、ated to 与有直接关系related to常在句中作后置定语，相当于which/that引导的定语从句。relate to 涉及，与相关relate A to B 把A与B联系起来in relation to 关于, 与相比“与有关系/关联”的多种表达 be connected with be linked with be involved in be associated in have something t do with8. in orbit 在轨道上 go into orbit 进入轨道 put/sendinto orbit 将送入轨道9. intelligent : adj.
8、有智慧的有智慧的;聪明的聪明的;有智力有智力的的 a highly intelligent child 一个非常聪明的孩子一个非常聪明的孩子 intelligence n. 智力，智慧智力，智慧 intelligently adv. 聪明地聪明地 clever: adj. 聪明的聪明的; 灵巧的灵巧的; 熟练熟练的的; 精明精明的的 【多用于指儿童、学生多用于指儿童、学生】 bright: adj. 聪明聪明的的;悟性强的；悟性强的；【指指儿童儿童、年轻人、年轻人】 光线光线明亮的明亮的; 前途前途光明的光明的 a future 光明的未来光明的未来 wise: adj. 明智的明智的; 英明
9、英明的的 smart: adj. 聪明的聪明的; 精明的精明的 brilliant adj. 聪颖的，才华横溢的聪颖的，才华横溢的10. go up 价格、数量等 上升，增加 反义：come down 价格、数量等下降/减少go up by 增加了go up fromto 从增加到go down 水平、数量等 下降、下跌； 船只 沉没； 太阳 落下go after 追赶，追求go against 违反，对不利go by 时间 过去，遵循go over 仔细检查，仔细琢磨“go + adj.”表示表示“变得变得”，一般指向不好的，一般指向不好的方面发展：方面发展：go wrong 出问题，出毛病
10、go bad 变坏go sour 变馊go hungry 挨饿go mad 变疯make sure that从句 确保/ 弄清楚 make sure of doing sth. 确保/ 弄清楚 be sure of/that 对有信心/有把握 be sure to do sth. 一定要做某事；务必去做某事11. succeed in doing sth. 成功做某事 =be successful in doing sth. succeed sb. as 接替某人作为担任 succeed to sth. 继承某物success 是抽象名词，但是当表示是抽象名词，但是当表示“一个成功的一个成功的
11、人人”或者或者“一件成功的事一件成功的事”时，是可数名词，前时，是可数名词，前面需要加不定冠词面需要加不定冠词a，类似的还有，类似的还有surprise，failure。Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。The film was a great success. 这部电影大获成功。12. determine: v. 查明查明;确定确定;决定决定 determine/decide to do 决定做决定做强调动作强调动作 determine sb. to do sth. 使使某人下决心做某事某人下决心做某事 determine on/upon 决
12、定决定 determination: n. 决心决心;决定决定 determined: adj. 有决心的，意志坚定的有决心的，意志坚定的 be determine/decide to do 决定做决定做强调状态强调状态1)The people in that country have a right to determine their own future. 2)The woman determines to continue working when she reaches retirement age.13. launch: v./n 发射发射;发起发起;上市上市 send up: 发
13、射发射 launch a satellite/rocket发射卫星发射卫星/火箭火箭 launch a project 启动项目启动项目 launch a campaign 发起运动发起运动 launch an attack 发起发起/进行攻击进行攻击1)The Russia will launch a communications satellite tomorrow morning.2)The new car will be launched next year.3)They launched a surprise air attack on the capital in the earl
14、y hours of the morning.14.leap: n. 跳跃跳跃;剧增剧增;剧变剧变 v. 跳过跳过;跃过跃过 (leapt-leapt lept; leaped-leaped) jump: v.跳跳; 跳跳跃跃;跳跳过过; 跨越跨越 look before you leap 三思而后行三思而后行 jump/leap to the conclusion that 匆忙下结论匆忙下结论; 贸然断定贸然断定 leap to ones feet 赶紧站起来赶紧站起来1)He had leapt from a window in the building and escaped.2)I
15、saw a fish leaping out of the water.15.transmit: v. 传输传输;发送发送 transmit sth. from to 把某物从把某物从传递到传递到 transmission n. 播送，传送，传动装置播送，传送，传动装置 电台或电视电台或电视信息，信息，1)The game was transmitted live(实况实况) all over the world.2)The ceremony was transmitted live by satellite to over 100 countries.3)The images(图像图像) o
16、f the moons surface were transmitted back to the earth.16. disappointed: adj.失望的失望的;沮丧沮丧的的 be disappointed at/by/in/with. 对对什么失望什么失望 be disappointed in/with. 对某人对某人失望失望 be disappointed to do sth. 因做某事而感到失望因做某事而感到失望 be disappointed that 因因而感到失望而感到失望 disappoint : v. 使失望使失望/破灭破灭/落空落空 disappointing: adj
17、. 令人失令人失望的望的/沮丧的沮丧的 disappointment: n. 失望失望;沮丧沮丧 to ones disappointment 使使人失望的是人失望的是.1)The result of the match will disappoint all the students.2)All the students are disappointed at the result of the match.17. desire: n. 渴望渴望;欲望欲望 v. 渴渴望望;期望期望 a desire to do sth. 做做某某事的渴望事的渴望/期望期望 a desire for sth.
18、 对对的渴望的渴望 express/show a desire to do sth. 表达做某事的欲望表达做某事的欲望 have no desire to do sth. 没有欲望做某事没有欲望做某事 have little desire to do sth. 没有多少欲望做某事没有多少欲望做某事 desire to do sth. 渴望渴望/期望做期望做什么什么 desire sb to do.: 渴望渴望/期望某人做期望某人做什么什么 if desired 如果需要的话如果需要的话1)These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed, b
19、ut the desire to explore the universe never died.2)I have a strong desire to help the children without parents.3)We all desire health and happiness. 4)She desires that she (should) be sent abroad to study medicine.特别特别注意注意：动词动词desire, suggest, propose,recommend, order/instruct/command,demand, reques
20、t, require,ask, urge(强烈要求强烈要求), insist(坚决要求坚决要求)等接等接that宾语从句时宾语从句时,从句从句用用 should do/be 结构结构, should可省可省。18. carry on: 继续做继续做; 坚持干坚持干; 参加参加 carry on with sth: 继续某事继续某事 carry on sth. 从事某事从事某事 carry on doing sth. 继续做某事继续做某事carry out: 实施实施; 执行执行carry through 贯彻，使渡过难关贯彻，使渡过难关carry about 随身携带随身携带1)Youll m
21、ake great progress if you carry on working so hard.2)Well carry on a conversation with her mother tomorrow. 19.on board: 在宇宙飞船上在宇宙飞船上;在船上在船上; 在在飞机上飞机上;在火车在火车上上 board the ship/plane 登船登船/登记登记 go on board: 登上船登上船/飞机飞机/火车火车1)It orbits Earth and has astronauts from different countries on board, providin
22、g a continuous human presence in space.2)The four astronauts on board will spend about 40 days in space. 3)When all the passengers were on board, the train left the station.20. believe in 相信的存在,相信正确,信任【表示相信某人或某事物的存在，信赖、信任某人。】 believe in ghosts/yourself 相信鬼/自己 believe 表示相信某人的话、相信某事 I believe in you,
23、so I believe what you said. It is believed that = people believe that 人们相信/认为make progress 取得进步 make progress in 在方面取得进步 make slow/steady/rapid/good progress 取得缓慢/平稳/迅速/良好的进展21. independently : adv. 独立地独立地;自立地自立地 independent : adj. 独立的独立的; 自主自主的的; 自治自治的的 make sb. independent 使某人自立使某人自立 be independen
24、t of 不依赖不依赖 independence n. 独立，自立独立，自立 gain independence from 脱离脱离获得独立获得独立 depend (on/upon.): v. 依靠依靠;依赖依赖 dependent adj. 依赖依赖的，有瘾的的，有瘾的 dependence n. 依赖依赖,依靠依靠酒精酒精/药物药物,依存依存关系关系1)It is the first time that she has lived independently.2)She is now able to drive the car independently.22. signalsnl: n.
25、 信号信号; 标志标志 v. 标志着标志着;标明标明;发发信号信号 signal to sb. to do sth. 示意某人做某事示意某人做某事 traffic signals: 交通信号灯交通信号灯 run/jump the red light: 闯红灯闯红灯 a danger/warning/alarm/clear signal 危险危险/警告警告/警报警报/清晰的信号清晰的信号 send out a signal 发出信号发出信号 receive/pick up a signal 接收信号接收信号 signsan: v. 签署签署; 签字签字n. 标志标志; 迹象迹象; 招招牌牌; 指
26、示牌指示牌 sighsa: v. 叹息叹息; 叹气叹气 n. 叹息叹息; 叹气叹气 sightsat: n. 看见看见; 视力视力; 视野视野23. in (the) hope of doing sth:抱抱着着的希望的希望in hopes of doing : 抱抱着做着做的希望的希望in the hope that从句从句: 抱着抱着的希望的希望1)He studies hard in the hope of attending a key university.2)We got up very early in the hope of catching the first train.3
27、)We got up very early in the hope that we could catch the first train.24. so as to (do sth): 为了为了;以便以便 (so as to do不不放在句首放在句首) so as not to do .: 为了为了不不in order to do.: 为了为了 (in order to do可可放放句首或句中句首或句中) in order (not) to do.: 为了为了(不不)to do.: 为了为了in order that + 陈述句陈述句 = so that + 陈述句陈述句: 为了为了1)In
28、space, astronauts collect all dirty water so as to recycle it for later use.2)Therefore, it should continue so as to provide new and better solutions to peoples short-term and long-term problems.3)You must set out at once in order not (so as not) to miss the first bus.4)Many people have to wear glas
29、ses to/in order to/so as to see distant objects clearly.= To/ In order to see distant objects clearly, many people have to wear glasses.25.recycle: v. 回收利用回收利用;再再利用利用 recycle waste 回收利用废弃物回收利用废弃物 recycle waste paper 回收利用废纸回收利用废纸 recycled paper 再生纸再生纸 recyclable adj. 可回收利用的可回收利用的 recycling n. 回收利用回收利
30、用1)In space, astronauts collect all dirty water so that it can be recycled for later use.2)That country recycles nearly 85% of its paper.3)If we recycled more waste, we wouldnt need to produce so much and there wouldnt be so much pollution.26. lack: n. 缺乏缺乏;短缺短缺 v.没有没有;缺乏缺乏 lack confidence 缺乏信心缺乏信心
31、a lack of food/money/skills: 缺缺乏食物乏食物/金钱金钱/技能技能 through/for lack of.: 因为缺因为缺乏乏. be/run/go short of.: 缺少缺少; 不足不足 there is no lack of 不乏不乏 be lackingadj. in 缺乏缺乏 for lack of 因缺乏因缺乏1)Astronauts bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity, so they need to exercise every day,
32、which will help them stay healthy.2)Despite his lack of experience, he got the job.3)Even though he lacked experience, he got the job.4)She lacks confidence in her study.27.float : v.浮动浮动; 漂流漂流; 漂浮漂浮; 使使浮动浮动;使使漂流漂流 float down the river 顺流飘下顺流飘下 float in the water 在水中漂浮在水中漂浮 float on the surface of t
33、he water 漂浮在水面上漂浮在水面上 float over the city 飘过城市上空飘过城市上空 float across the sky 从天空飘过从天空飘过 1)They float the wood down the river to the towns.2)A small boat is floating in the water.3)There isnt enough water to float the ship.28. beyond : prep.在更远处在更远处;超出超出 beyond ones limit 超过超过限度限度 beyond ones comprehe
34、nsion 超出某人理解能力超出某人理解能力 beyond compare 无与伦比无与伦比 beyond repair: 无法无法修复修复without/beyond doubt 毫无疑问毫无疑问; 的确的确 beyond ones power 为某人能力所不及为某人能力所不及beyond expression 无法形容，表达不出无法形容，表达不出beyond ones wildest dreams 某人做梦也想不到某人做梦也想不到beyond/above/out of ones reach: 在在摸摸/够够/拿不到的拿不到的地方地方in/within ones reach: 在在摸摸/够够
35、/拿得到的拿得到的地方地方It is beyond sb that/why: 使使某人无法理解某人无法理解/想象想象1)All the poor villagers live beyond the mountain.2)The concert wont go on beyond midnight.3)The exercise is beyond the abilities of most of the students.4)The situation in the UK is beyond their control.5)Its beyond me why she wants to marry
36、 Bob.29.figure out: 弄懂弄懂; 弄清楚弄清楚; 弄明白弄明白; 计算计算1)No one can figure out how she is so rich.2)She was trying to figure out what would happen next.3)Have you figured out how much the trip will cost?“动词动词+out”短语：短语：carry out 执行，履行执行，履行 give out 用完用完,耗尽耗尽,分发分发make out看清看清,听清听清,理解理解,明白明白 pick out 精心挑选，辨别出精
37、心挑选，辨别出set out 出发出发,动身动身,开始工作开始工作 sort out 整理，把整理，把安排好安排好work out 解决解决,计算计算,计划计划,思考思考,锻炼身体锻炼身体,成功发展成功发展block out 挡住挡住光线光线/声音声音 try out 测试测试, 实验实验30.solar: adj.太阳的太阳的;太阳能的太阳能的 solar power 太阳能太阳能 solar system 太阳系太阳系 solar calendar 阳历阳历31.experiment with/on 用用做实验做实验 do/carry out an experiment 做实验做实验32.
38、sufficient adj. 足够的，充足的足够的，充足的 be sufficient to do sth. 足以做某事足以做某事 be sufficient for 对对来说是足够的来说是足够的1)Will scientists figure out a way to store sufficient food and water for the long journey?2)You should give the boy sufficient time to do the exercises.3)Do you have sufficient money to build the high
39、way?4)The money that I have saved is sufficient to buy a flat in Beijing. 33. soap : n. 肥肥皂皂 toilet/perfumed/fancy soap: 香皂香皂 a bar/piece of soap : 一一块块肥皂肥皂Please wash your face with a mild soap and warm water.34.facility: n. 设施设施;设备设备 equipment: n. 设备设备; 装备装备()1)Oh, such as what facilities do they
40、have in space to support their daily life?2)The sports facilities are open to both men and women.35. keen : adj.热衷的热衷的;渴望的渴望的be keen to do.: 热衷热衷/渴望渴望/急于做急于做什么什么 =be eager to do.: 渴望做渴望做什么什么be keen on doing sth.: 喜欢喜欢做做什么什么;对对做做某事着迷某事着迷;热衷于热衷于做做某事某事be keen on sth/sb.: 喜欢喜欢; 喜爱喜爱; 着着迷迷be anxious to d
41、o.: 渴望渴望/急于做急于做什么什么be keen that 渴望渴望 从句谓语常用从句谓语常用should+动词原形动词原形 have a keen eye for 对对有敏锐的眼光有敏锐的眼光1)I am very keen to know if she has passed all the exams.2)Tom is very keen on the girl next door.3)You are not keen on playing games, are you?4）they are keen to see rare birds at the destination目的地目的地
42、.36. globe: n.地球地球;世界世界;地球仪地球仪global: adj. 全球的全球的;全世界全世界的的 global warming 全球变暖全球变暖 global climate change 全球气候变化全球气候变化 the global economy 全球经济全球经济 1)Twenty large globes stand on the floor.2)Were planning to travel around the globe/world. 3)There is plenty of water on the face of the globe/earth.37. a
43、rgue: v. 论证论证;争辩争辩;争论争论; 证明证明; 说明说明argue for: 提出理由赞成提出理由赞成argue against: 提出理由反对提出理由反对argue that 主张主张/认为认为/争辩道争辩道argue with sb. on /over/about sth. 与与某人争论某事某人争论某事argue/talk/persuade/reason sb into doing: 说服说服某人做什么某人做什么argue/talk/persuade/reason sb out of doing: 说说服某人不做什么服某人不做什么persuade sb. (not) to d
44、o sth. 说说服服某人某人不不做某事做某事 argument: n. 争论争论; 争吵争吵; 辩论辩论; 理由理由; 证据证据1)Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money exploring space.2)He argued that they needed more time to finish the project. 3)I dont want to argue with you - just do it! 4)She argued her father out of smoking.38. argum
45、ent: n. 争论争论;争吵争吵;论点论点 win/lose an argument 辩论赢了辩论赢了/输输了了 settle an argument 解决争端解决争端 have an argument about/over sth. 为某事争论为某事争论/争吵争吵 have an argument with sb. 与某人争论与某人争论/争吵争吵 get into an argument 争论争论/争吵起来争吵起来1)After some heated argument, a decision was finally taken.2)We had an argument with the
46、waiter about the bill.3)She got into an argument with the teacher.39. fatal: adj. 致命的致命的;灾难性的灾难性的 fate: n. 命运命运; 天数天数;天意天意deadly: adj. 致命的致命的; 致死致死的的disaster: n. 灾难灾难 a fatal accident/illness/mistake/error/blow: 致命致命的事故的事故/疾病疾病/错误错误/打击打击1)A hospital spokesman said he had suffered a fatal heart illne
47、ss.2)If she gets ill again, it could prove fatal.40. shallow: adj.肤浅的肤浅的;浅的浅的 shallow water 浅水区浅水区 a shallow river 一条浅河一条浅河 a shallow argument 肤浅的论点肤浅的论点 profound adj. 深奥的，渊博的深奥的，渊博的1)However, others feel this is a shallow view which fails to realise how exploring space helps us.2)These fish are fou
48、nd in shallow waters around the coast.3) And when it is autumn, they move to shallow water and get their food.41. result in.: 导致导致;造成造成lead to. 导致导致; 通向通向cause: v. 引起引起; 造成造成; 导致导致result from 由由导致导致make a differenceto 对对有影响，起作用有影响，起作用have an effect/impact/influence on sb. 对对有影响有影响1)It has directly r
49、esulted in the many satellites that now orbit Earth.2)The accident resulted in 23 deaths.3)The bad weather resulted in the traffic jam. 4)The traffic jam resulted from the bad weather. 42.be in ones efforts to do sth. 某人努力做某事 make an effort/efforts to do sth. 努力做某事 put effort into sth. 对某事付出努力 spare
50、 no effort 不遗余力 be worth the effort 值得努力 with effort 努力地 without effort 毫不费力地43. pattern: n. 模式模式;图案图案;模范模范 set a pattern for. :为为树立榜样树立榜样 set an example to/for sb:为为树立榜样树立榜样 This experiment set a pattern for the world. 44. analysis: n. (复数复数analyses) 分析分析;分析分析结果结果 do/carry out/conduct/ an analysis
