1、Section Discovering Useful Structures 第一版块|核心单词1.atmosphere n气氛；氛围；(地球的)大气(层)(教材P6)It was great fun walking along the streets, enjoying the relaxing atmosphere!走在街上，享受着轻松的气氛，真是太有趣了！an easy atmosphere 轻松的氛围family/home atmosphere 家庭气氛create a(n).atmosphere 营造一种氛围in the atmosphere 在大气中pollution of the
2、atmosphere 大气污染the upper atmosphere 高层大气a comfortable/friendly/relaxed atmosphere 一种舒服的/友好的/轻松的气氛have a(n) .atmosphere 有一种氛围The atmosphere where kids live has a great influence on their characters.孩子们生活的环境对他们的性格有很大的影响。There is an atmosphere of peace and calm in the country, which is quite different
3、from that in a big city.乡村里有一种和平宁静的气氛，这与大城市里的气氛大不相同。词汇拓展：pollute the water/atmosphere/environment污染水/大气/环境surrounding atmosphere周围的空气create a romantic atmosphere创造一种浪漫的气氛 误区警示：atmosphere如果作定语从句的先行词，且从句中缺少状语，则用where引导定语从句；从句中缺少主语或宾语，则用which或that引导定语从句。即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子My parents tried to create _ easy
4、atmosphere to make me relaxed.She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students _ allows them to communicate freely with each other.Creating an atmosphere _ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.The meeting was going on _ (在友好的氛围中).She didnt like the atmosphere _ (没有人愿意表达自己的意见).a
5、nanthat/whichthat/whichwherewherein a friendly atmospherein a friendly atmospherewhere nobody is ready to express himselfwhere nobody is ready to express himself2.merry adj.愉快的；高兴的merrily adv.高兴地，愉快地(教材P6)Lots of smiling faces, and people singing Christmas carols and wishing each other “Merry Christ
6、mas！”许多笑脸，人们唱着圣诞颂歌，互相祝愿“圣诞快乐！”Merry Christmas! 圣诞快乐！The more the merrier. 多多益善；(人)越多越热闹。the merry crowd 兴高采烈的人群词语联想：cheerful adj.高兴的；快乐的pleased adj.高兴的；乐意的joyful adj.愉快的；高兴的即学即练单句语法填空Do you mind if I bring Tony?No, of course not. The more the _ (merry).The boy was whistling away _ (merry).merriermer
7、riermerrilymerrily 第二版块|重要短语take place发生；举行(不用于被动语态)(教材P6)La Tomatina is a festival that takes place in the Spanish town Buol every August.番茄大战是每年八月在西班牙小镇布尼奥尔举行的一个节日。I dont know exactly what took place in the classroom.我不知道教室里究竟发生了什么事。The evening party will take place on New Years Eve.晚会将在除夕那天举行。词语辨
8、析：take place, happen, occur, break out与come about(1)take place(根据安排或计划)发生(2)happen(偶然)发生；碰巧(3)occur发生，occur to sb.表示“(观念或想法)被某人想到”(4)break out(战争、火灾、疾病等)突然发生、爆发(5)come about(未经计划)发生、产生，常与how连用When the earthquake occurred/happened, many people happened to be out. After the earthquake, an emergency re
9、scue took place. Fortunately, no fire broke out during the earthquake.地震发生的时候，许多人碰巧不在家。地震过后，一场紧急救援开始了。幸运的是，地震期间没有发生火灾。即学即练辨析填空(take place/happen/occur/break out/come about)The disaster _ at midnight, when most people were asleep.This years event will _ on November 19th, a week earlier than usual.A t
10、errible fire _ last night, but fortunately, no one was killed or injured.She was late again, but Im not sure how it _ this time.It suddenly _ to me that we could advertise for a new sales director.occurred/happenedoccurred/happenedtake placetake placebroke outbroke outcame aboutcame aboutoccurredocc
11、urred 第三版块|典型句式it作形式主语的句式总结(教材P6)It was great fun walking along the streets, enjoying the relaxing atmosphere!走在街上，享受着轻松的气氛，真是太有趣了！it作形式主语的句式总结：It occurs to sb. that. 某人突然想到It is reported that. 据报道It is said that. 据说It is known to all that. 众所周知Its suggested that. 有人建议Its believed that. 人们相信It hit(s
12、) me (that). 我突然想到 很可能It is no use/no good doing sth. 做某事是没有用的。It is a waste of time doing sth. 做某事是浪费时间。It is no fun doing sth. 做某事没有乐趣。说明：it用作形式主语时，真正的主语有三种形式：即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子It is traditional _ (bring) a gift to a housewarming party.It is very likely _ Jacob will dislike the plan.Jacob is very lik
13、ely to dislike the plan.Its no good _ (complain)they never listen.据说，2534岁的人中有20%和父母住在一起，而1991年这一比例为16%。_ about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents, compared with 16% in 1991.to bringto bringthatthatcomplainingcomplainingIt is said thatIt is said that即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子There is a small river
14、_ (flow) through the farm.The stadium _ (build) at present in our city is intended for the coming Asian Games.The flowers _ (smell) sweet in the garden attract the visitors to enjoy the beauty of nature.There is a lot of evidence _ (show) that staring at the computer for a long time does harm to our
15、 eyes.A woman asked the primary school in her neighborhood to accept her six-year-old son, who has a _ (hear) disability.Theres a note pinned to the door _ (say) when the shop will open again.flowingflowingbeing builtbeing builtsmellingsmellingshowingshowinghearinghearingsayingsayingLast night, ther
16、e were millions of people _ (watch) the opening ceremony live on TV.The park was full of people, _ (他们在阳光下尽情欢乐).The room is empty except for a bookshelf _ (立在一角).The man _ (坐在后面) is Mr Smith.Those people _ (希望加入这个俱乐部) should sign here.watchingwatchingenjoying themselves in the sunshineenjoying thems
17、elves in the sunshinestanding in one cornerstanding in one cornersitting at the backsitting at the backhoping to join this clubhoping to join this club2.动词-ing形式作表语(1)动名词(短语)作表语，表示抽象的一般性行为，用来说明主语的内容，与主语通常是同一概念，表语和主语常可互换位置。One of the best exercises is swimming.Swimming is one of the best exercises.游泳
18、是最好的运动之一。(2)现在分词(短语)作表语，表示主语的某种性质和特征，这类分词通常可以看作形容词。What he said was very encouraging.他的话很鼓舞人心。学法点拨动名词(短语)作表语与动词不定式(短语)作表语的区别动名词(短语)作表语：表抽象的一般性行为。动词不定式(短语)作表语：表一次具体的动作或将要发生的事。The real problem is getting to know the needs of the customers.真正的问题是了解消费者的需要。Her wish is to be a teacher.她的愿望是当一名教师。即学即练单句语法填
19、空It was _ (astonish) that the shy girl stood up and answered the question.Her job is _ (keep) the lecture hall as clean as possible.His wish is _ (build) up his own studio.The situation in our country is _ (encourage).The problem which he met in the new school is quite _ (puzzle).The situation both
20、at home and abroad is very _ (inspire).So far the result has been _ (disappoint).astonishingastonishingkeepingkeepingto buildto buildencouragingencouragingpuzzlingpuzzlinginspiringinspiringdisappointingdisappointing.单词拼写1“I gradually like the _ (气氛) and the enthusiasm around the club，” he said.2Writ
21、e your address on the back of the _ (信封) in addition to your name.3Seeing the interesting lantern, she turned away her face with a _ (愉快的), ringing laugh.4Some people also make lanterns out of big orange _ (南瓜).atmosphereatmosphereenvelopeenvelopemerrymerrypumpkinspumpkins.单句语法填空(A)词汇专练1The boss of
22、the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere _ his employees enjoy their work.2It was a change that _ (take) place without being noticed though it was of the extreme importance, a spiritual change which affected the whole state.答案与解析：wherewhere引导定语从句，指代先行词an easy atmosphere，在从句中作模糊的地点状语。句意：这家公
23、司的老板正设法创造一种轻松的气氛，使员工们喜欢他们的工作。答案与解析：took根据前面的was可判断出该处讲述的是过去的事情，故用一般过去时。句意：这一变化的发生虽然极为重要，却没有引起注意，这种精神上的变化影响了整个国家。3You will be able to take part _ a number of activities from canoeing to wild camping on Dartmoor.4Be sure to stay on topic and not offer irrelevant (不相关的) information. Make a point, and m
24、ake _ safe for others to do the same.答案与解析：intake part in参加。句意：你将能够参加许多活动，从划独木舟到达特穆尔的野外露营。答案与解析：itit为形式宾语，to do the same是真正的宾语。句意：一定要紧扣主题，不要提供不相关的信息。提出自己的观点，并使其他人做同样的事情是安全的。5They sang and danced _ and had a _ carnival. (merry)6_ is our desire that you be easy about all of this.7It is no use _ (gathe
25、r) together.8It is necessary for you _ (take) advantage of this good opportunity.9It is obvious _ the meeting to be held tomorrow is greatly significant.merrilymerrilymerrymerryItItgatheringgatheringto taketo takethatthat(B)语法专练1Chinese New Year is a celebration _ (mark) the end of the winter season
26、 and the beginning of spring.2While enjoying being close to nature, we began to help pick peaches _ (cover) every tree.答案与解析：marking考查非谓语动词。a celebration与mark之间是主动关系，故用现在分词短语作后置定语。句意：中国新年是一个标志着冬天结束和春天开始的庆祝活动。答案与解析：coveringpeaches与cover之间是主动关系，故用现在分词短语作定语。句意：在享受亲近大自然的同时，我们开始帮忙采摘长在每棵树上的桃子。3The student
27、s _ (benefit) most from college are those who are totally engaged (参与) in academic life, taking full advantage of the colleges chances and resources (资源).4Whats particularly _ (interest) is the attitude various cities have toward Dubanchets cause.答案与解析：benefiting/benefitting“benefiting/benefitting m
28、ost from college”为现在分词短语作定语，修饰students。被修饰词students与定语中的动作benefit之间为主动关系。句意：从大学受益最大的是那些完全投入到学术生活中、充分利用大学的机会和资源的学生。答案与解析：interesting该句中whats particularly interesting为主语从句，其中interesting为形容词化的现在分词作表语，意为“有趣的”。句意：特别有趣的是各个城市对Dubanchet的事业的态度。5Earth Day, marked on 22 April, is an annual event _ (aim) to rai
29、se public awareness about environmental protection.6They represent the earth _ (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.答案与解析：aiming“aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection”为现在分词短语作定语，修饰event。被修饰词event与定语中的动作aim之间为主动关系。句意：4月22日的世界地球日是一个旨在提高公众环保意识的年度活动。答案与解析：comi
30、ngthe earth与come back to life之间是主动关系，故用现在分词短语作定语。句意：它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。7Each level has four apartments _ (contain) six bedrooms, toilet facilities, and a kitchen.8My teacher Peter Bullock proved that science wasnt _ (bore) and made physics great fun.答案与解析：containing“containing six bedrooms, toilet
31、 facilities, and a kitchen”为现在分词短语作定语，修饰apartments。被修饰词apartments与定语中的动作contain之间为主动关系。句意：每层有四套公寓，包括六间卧室、卫生间设施和一个厨房。答案与解析：boringbe动词后接形容词作表语，boring枯燥的。句意：我的老师彼得布洛克证明了科学并不枯燥，并使物理变得很有趣。9Wander among a variety of shops _ (sell) gifts while enjoying a live music show and nice street entertainment.10Maur
32、ice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate _ (return) to teach, and this job was no game for him.答案与解析：sellingshops与sell之间是主动关系，故用现在分词短语selling gifts作定语修饰shops。句意：漫步在销售各种礼品的商店间，同时享受现场音乐表演和不错的街头娱乐活动。答案与解析：returningreturning to teach为现在分词短语作定语，修饰名词graduate。被修饰词graduate与定语中的动作return之间为主动关系。句意：莫里斯
33、阿什利是个善良而聪明的人，毕业后回到学校教书，这份工作对他来说不是游戏。学科素养提升.改写句子1The lecture, which started at 7：00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.The lecture, _ at 7: 00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.2Girls looking after small children get 3，000
34、 yuan a month. Girls _ small children get 3，000 yuan a month.3Can you see the star moving in the sky?Can you see the star _ in the sky?4A man respecting others will be respected.A man _ will be respected.5Did you see the man who was talking to the manager?Did you see the man _？startingstartingwho/th
35、at look afterwho/that look afterthat/which is movingthat/which is movingthat/who respects othersthat/who respects otherstalking to the managertalking to the manager.短文语法填空Decorating with Plants, Fruits and Flowers for Chinese New YearChinese New Year is a 1._ (celebrate) marking the end of the winte
36、r season and the beginning of spring. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers 2._ (carry) special significance. They represent the earth 3._ (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.1 1答案与解析：答案与解析：celebrationcelebration考查词性转换考查词性转换( (动词变名词动词变名词) )。由空前的不定冠词。由空前的不定冠词a a可知此
37、处应填名词。可知此处应填名词。2 2答案与解析：答案与解析：carriescarries考查时态及主谓一致。本文通篇对中国新年装饰物进行考查时态及主谓一致。本文通篇对中国新年装饰物进行一般性介绍，所以用一般现在时；句子主语是动名词短语一般性介绍，所以用一般现在时；句子主语是动名词短语decorating with.decorating with.，所以，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。此题不要被谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。此题不要被flowersflowers干扰，要找对从句的真正主语。干扰，要找对从句的真正主语。3 3答案与解析：答案与解析：comingcoming考查非谓语动词。句子不能有
38、两个谓语动词，而且空前考查非谓语动词。句子不能有两个谓语动词，而且空前的的the earththe earth与与comecome是主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语，相当于是主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语，相当于which comeswhich comes。These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country：Oranges: Orange trees are more 4._ decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth. They make gre
39、at gifts and you see them many times 5._ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.4 4答案与解析：答案与解析：thanthan考查固定搭配。考查固定搭配。more thanmore than不仅仅是，不止是，此处表不仅仅是，不止是，此处表示示“橘子树不仅仅是装饰物，它们还是好运和财富的象征橘子树不仅仅是装饰物，它们还是好运和财富的象征”。5 5答案与解析：答案与解析：decorateddecorated考查非谓语动词。考查非谓语动词。see sth. donesee sth.
40、 done看到某物看到某物被被，此处表示，此处表示“看到橘子树装点着红包和祝福好运的信息看到橘子树装点着红包和祝福好运的信息”。themthem与与decoratedecorate是被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾补。是被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾补。Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and offices. 6._ (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must. Bamboo p
41、lants are associated 7._ health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy 8._ (care) for and make great presents.6 6答案与解析：答案与解析：CertainlyCertainly考查词性转换考查词性转换( (形容词变副词形容词变副词) )。此处修饰整个句。此处修饰整个句子，用副词子，用副词CertainlyCertainly，注意首字母要大写。，注意首字母要大写。7 7答案与解析：答案与解析：withwith考查固定搭配。考查固定搭配。be associated withbe a
42、ssociated with“与与有关，有关，与与联系联系”。8 8答案与解析：答案与解析：to careto care考查固定句式。考查固定句式。sth. is easy to do.sth. is easy to do.“某事很容某事很容易做易做”。不定式用主动形式表达被动含义。不定式用主动形式表达被动含义。Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花): The 9._ (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. The plum trees a
43、re 10._ first to flower even as the snow is melting (融化). They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.9 9答案与解析：答案与解析：beautifulbeautiful考查词性转换考查词性转换( (名词变形容词名词变形容词) )。由于空后的中心。由于空后的中心词是名词词是名词branchesbranches，所以只能用形容词。，所以只能用形容词。1010答案与解析：答案与解析：thethe考查冠词。考查冠词。the first to do sth.the first to do sth.“第一个做某事第一个做某事的的”，不定式短语作后置定语。，不定式短语作后置定语。
