1、Discovering Useful Structures P42 Unit 4 Space Exploration新新人教必修人教必修Book 3 不定式作定语、状语不定式作定语、状语Infinitives(1)不定式是动词的一种非限定形式,由“to+动词动词原形原形”构成，没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能独立作谓语。但不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等。（一）作定语不定式作定语，一般放在被修饰的名词、代词后面。例如：I have a lot of work to do.She is the first student to come t
2、o school.There is nothing to worry about. 只能用动词不定式做定语的情况例：1. Please make an effort to catch the bus.2. He made a promise to come here on time tomorrow.1.当修饰的名词是ability, ambition, attempt, chance, courage, desire, decision, effort, failure, moment, promise, right, time, wish （一些表示企图、努力、愿望、打算、能力 等意义的名
3、词）只能用动词不定式做定语的情况例：1. He was the first one to think of the idea.2. You are the only person to be late.3. The manager is the last to come to the meeting.2.当修饰的名词前有the only, the next, the best, the first, the last, 以及由序数词或形容词最 高级修饰的名词常常用不定式作定语。只能用动词不定式做定语的情况例：1. Do you have anything to say?2. There is
4、nothing to worry about.3. I want to get something to drink.3.当修饰的词为something, nothing, anything 等不定代词时。4.当定语表示未来的还没做的动作时。例：The letter to be written is to my father.The matter to be discussed is important.5. 不定式作定语不定式作定语也可用在也可用在have to do和和there be句型句型中。中。注意：注意： 若若不定式动词为不及物动词不定式动词为不及物动词，则该动词，则该动词必须与必
5、须与介词连用介词连用，组成及物的动词短语。，组成及物的动词短语。Please pass me some paper to write _.There is no one to take care of her.I have no jewelry _(wear）.onto wear6. 当名词与定语之间存在主谓关系时。 We must find a person to do the job.（二）作状语不定式作状语，用来修饰动词、形容词和副词。例：I come here to say good-bye to you.So as not to disturb the baby, I walked
6、quietly.1.1.目的状语：目的状语：可用在句首常用结构：to do; in order to do, so as to do, so/ suchas to do, etc.（二）作状语3. 3. 结果状语：结果状语：常与only , enough 或too连用,用于“too.to”；“enough to.”；“only to do”句型中。例：He studied hard only to fail the exam. He is old enough to go to school. She is so proud as to look down upon others.2.2.原因
7、状语：多用于原因状语：多用于“sb.+be+adj.（心情）+to do”句型中。句型中。例： Im glad to see you. She was disappointed to hear the news. 4. Be + 性质形容词 + 不定式The procedure is not easy to carry on.重点： 主动表被动步步高练习.写出下列句子中不定式的语法功能1The soil contains materials to keep the natural balance of the area.作定语2On land with rich soil，local farm
8、ers can grow crops to make a living.作目的状语3The boy was too eager to get a geography book.作结果状语4The father was surprised to learn that his son spent money like water.作原因状语5.The whole family came out to see my performance.作目的状语6Have you got anything to say at the meeting？作定语7You will never know how hap
9、py I was to see her yesterday.作原因状语8The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.作定语Zhang：I 9.am delighted to know(很高兴得知) you are interested in the space exploration.Li：Indeed，Id like to be an astronaut in the future.Zhang：Sounds good.10.To become an astronaut(要想成为一名宇航员)，you need to satisfy the re
10、quirements of a qualified astronaut.Li：Yes.First of all，I should study hard 11.to get a related college degree(为了得到一个相关的大学学位)Besides，I must take exercise every day 12.to keep healthy(来保持健康)Zhang：Exactly.Have you heard Yang Liwei，who is the first man in China 13.to go into space(进入太空)，went through lo
11、ts of mental and physical training?Li：Of course.He is really a hero.He realized our dream 14.to explore space(探索太空).单句语法填空1The kind woman is easy to get(get) along with and we all like her.2He was too disappointed to speak(speak) when he heard the news.3The man downstairs found it difficult to get(g
12、et) to sleep.4The astronaut seems to have a lot to worry(worry) about.5Im sorry to have kept(keep) you waiting there for so long a time.6He was the first to arrive(arrive) and the last to leave(leave) in our company.7The best way to improve(improve) your English is to join an English club.8After sch
13、ool we went to the reading room to do some reading，only to be told(tell) that it was being decorated.9I had a chance to visit(visit) the Great Wall last month.10The girl was so kind as to help(help) the old man off the bus.单句写作11他是做这项工作的唯一人选。(do)He is the only person to do the job.12有很多事情要谈。(talk)Th
14、ere are many things to talk about.13我希望我爸爸能像我妈妈那样容易哄。(please)I wish that my father were as easy to please as my mother.14这椅子坐起来很舒适。(sit)The chair is comfortable to sit on.15他急急忙忙赶到售票处，却被告知票已经被卖光了。(only)He hurried to the ticket office，only to be told no ticket was available/all the tickets had been sold out.
