1、 Unit 4 知识拓展评价单I.词形转化011. mental adj.精神的，思想的mentally adv.mentality n.心态；智力；精神力2.intelligent adj.聪明的，有智力的 intelligence n. 智力3. universe n.宇宙universal adj.普遍的，全世界的universally adv.4. determine v.确定，决定determined adj.有决心，意志坚定的 determination n.决心，决定 5. disappoint v使.失望 disappointed adj.失落的，失望的disappointme
2、nt n.失望6. independent adj.独立的，自立的independently adv.independence n.独立 7. lack n.缺乏；短缺 v.没有；缺乏lacking adj. 不足的；缺少的8. current adj.当前的；现在的 n.水流；电流；思潮currently adv.目前；当前9. sufficient adj.足够的；充足的sufficiency n.充足；足量10. keen adj.热衷的；渴望的keenly adv. 敏锐地；强烈地；锐利地11. globe n.地球；地球仪；世界global adj.全球的；全世界的12. argue
3、 v.论证；争辩；争论argument n.争吵；争论；论点13. fate n.命运fatal adj.致命的14. analyze/analyse vt.分析analysis n.(对事物的)分析；分析结果 pl. analyses15. regular adj. 定期的；经常的；正常的regularly adv. 经常；定期地16. limit vt. 限制；限定 n.界限；限制；极限limited adj.有限的 limitless adj.无限制性的17. attach v.系；绑；贴attached adj.附着的；附属于；喜欢的；依恋的 attachment n.附件；附属品；情
4、感；爱慕 18. mystery n.神秘事物；谜mysterious adj.神秘的；不可思议的19.recycle v.回收，再利用recyclable adj.可回收的，可循环的II.教材语块积累021. solar system 太阳系；类太阳系 2. figure out 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白3. result in 导致；造成 4. as a result所以；结果（是） 5. provide for sb 提供生活所需 6. in closing 最后 7. run out 用完；耗尽 8. be keen to do 渴望做某事9. be keen on 对.热心；喜欢. 10
5、. have a keen eye for 对.有敏锐的眼光11. in the hope of doing sth抱着的希望 12. so as to do .为了以便13. a shallow view 肤浅的观点 14. carry on继续做；坚持干 15. limited resource 有限的资源 16. on board 在飞船上；在船上；在飞机上17. attach importance to 重视，认为.重要 18. one giant leap 一次巨大的跳跃19. the far side of the moon 月球背面 20. keep.under control使
6、.被控制中 21. in ones/an effort to do为了做 22. unsolved mysteries 未解决的谜团23. be supposed to do 理应，应该 24. with the naked eye 用肉眼25. immediate solutions to 即时的解决办法 26. high-end product 高端产品27. heart monitors 心脏检测器 28. in height/weight 在高度上/在重量上29. spin round 旋转 30. dock with 与.对接 III必背核心知识点031. First of all,
7、 you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree.首先,你必须足够聪明来获得相关的大学学位。intelligent adj.有智慧的;聪明的;有智力的 intelligent software/system 智能软件/系统 intelligence n. 智力;理解力;智慧 a person of high/low intelligence 智力高/低的人artificial intelligence 人工智能 2. Im very keen to know .我很想知道 keen adj.热衷的;渴望的;锋利的;敏
8、锐的He maintained a keen interest in the progress of the work.他一直对工作进展保持强烈的强烈的兴趣.My friend has a keen eye for a bargain. 对对 有敏锐的眼光有敏锐的眼光be keen to do sth. 渴望做某事John was keen to help.be keen that . 渴望We are keen that we should get involved ,too. be keen on sb. /sth. 喜欢某人/某物 be keen on doing 喜欢做Shes not
9、 keen on being told what to do.她不喜欢别人对她发号施令。联想发散联想发散 表示“渴望”的短语集合be eager for sth. /to do sth. be thirsty/hungry for . be desperate for/ to dolong/hope/wish for sth/to do .3. However, some scientists were determined to help to humans realize their dream to explore space. 然而,有些科学家下定决心要帮助人类实现探索太空的梦想。de
10、termined adj.有决心的;意志坚定的 a determined girl 一个坚定的小女孩 determination n. 决心;决定 He fought the illness with determination .坚决地坚决地 determine vt. 决定;确定 determine sth 决定/确定某事The direction in which education starts a man will determine his future.A date for the meeting has yet to be determined.会议日期尚待确定。determi
11、ne on sth.决定(做)某事 determine to do 决定/心做某事 be determined to do sth. 决定/心做某事 (1) She gave me a determined (determine) look-the kind that said she wouldnt change her mind.(2) Determined (determine) to look after his parents well, he moved to live with them.4. These disasters made everyone sad and disap
12、pointed, but the desire to explore the universe never died. 这些悲剧使人倍感伤心和失望,但是,探索宇宙的愿望永不磨灭。disappointed adj.失望的;沮丧的 disappointing adj.令人失望的；扫兴的be disappointed in/with sb. 对某人失望 be disappointed at/by sth. 对某事感到失望 be disappointed to do sth. 因做某事而感到失望 disappoint vt. 使失望;使沮丧;使(希望、计划等)落空;挫败待 disappoint one
13、s expectations 辜负某人的期待 live up toto ones disappointment 使某人失望的是To his parents disappointment, their son always makes them disappointed at his disappointing performance. 令父母失望的是，他们的儿子总是因他的令人失望的表现使他们失望。5. desire n.渴望渴望;欲欲望望Desire without perseverance, nothing can be accomplished all ones life.立志而无恒,终身
14、事无成。 have a (strong) /no desire for sth. 渴望得到某物渴望得到某物/不想要不想要 have a （strong ）/no desire (to do sth.) 渴望渴望做某事做某事/不想做不想做vt.渴望渴望;期望期望 desire sth 渴望渴望sth desire to do sth. 渴望做某事 desire sb to do sth. 渴望sb做某事事 desire that .(should) do sth. 渴望做某事 insist/ order,command/suggest,advise,recommend,propose/requi
15、re,demand,ask,request（1）The president desired that you (should) visit him next week.= The president desired you to visit him next week.总统希望你下星期去拜访他。（2）It is our desire that our daughter (should) be admitted into a key university.我们希望我们的女儿能考上一所重点大学。（3）The medicine did not achieve desired effect.这药未达到
16、预期的效果。6. This signalled one step further in Chinas plan to establish a space station in the future.这标志着中国未来建设空间站的计划又迈出了一步signal vi.&vt. 标志着;标明;发信号 n.信号;标志;信号灯 traffic signals 交通信号灯 a warning signal 警告信号 send out/pick up a signal发出/接收信号signal (to) sb. to do sth. 示意某人做某事 signal sth./ that-clause 示意 （1
17、）The traffic policeman signalled to me to pull over. 警察示意我靠边停车。（2）She signalled that it was time to leave. 词词语辨析语辨析：signal, sign, symbol与mark (1) signal信号，暗号(2) sign 迹象，征兆 Her work is showing some signs of improvement. sign a contact/sign up for 标志，标牌，符号 a road sign 路标 a shop sign 商店招牌 a plus sign加号
18、(3) symbol象征，标志 White has been a symbol of purity in Western cultures. pure(4) mark 标记，记号 He made marks with a pencil. mark. with. 7.Mankind is exploring space in the hope of finding out more about the universe.人类正在探索太空，希望能更多地了解宇宙。in the hope of doing sth. 抱着的希望 in the hope that ./in hopes that 怀着的希
19、望;希望 lay ones hope on sb 把希望寄托在.身上hope for sth 希望得到 hope to do sth 希望做. It is hoped that . 人们希望 He is studying hard in the hope of being admitted to an engineering college.= He is studying hard in the hope that he will be admitted to an engineering college.他努力学习，希望能被一所工程学院录取。8. Despite the huge risk
20、s though, people will always continue to explore this final frontier so as to learn its secrets. 尽管存在巨大的风险，人们仍将继续探索这最后的疆域,以便了解它的秘密。so as to(do sth.)为了为了;以便以便(1)so as to =in order to,但 in order to do 可以放在句首或句中，so as to do 不能放于句首.(2)so as to do/in order to do 可以转换为 in order that/so that引导的目的状语从句，且从句常与
21、情态动词may, might,could,can连用。(3)so.as to.表示“如此.以至于.” so后面接形容词或副词，as to和其后面的动词一起做结果状语。so/such. that句子We must work hard so as to transform China into an advanced industrial country.我们必须努力工作为了使中国变成先进的工业国家。He was so tired as to be unable to walk. 他如此累，以至于不能走路了。9. Astronauts bones and muscles can get very
22、weak in space due to the lack of gravity, so they need to exercise every day, which will help them stay healthy.由于缺乏重力，宇航员的骨骼和肌肉在太空中会变得非常脆弱,所以他们需要每天锻炼，这将有助于他们保持健康。lack n.缺乏缺乏;短短缺缺(a) lack of .缺少 for lack of . 因为缺乏vt.没有没有;缺乏缺乏 lack sth 缺少缺少sthlacking adj. 缺乏的;不足的 be lacking in sth 缺少某物注意下面句中注意下面句中lac
23、k的词性及用法的词性及用法（1）Lack of confidence makes him nervous。 Lacking confidence makes him nervous.（2）Lacking confidence, he felt nervous. Lacking in confidence, he felt nervous.10. Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise. 宇航员在
24、太空工作时必须用胶带把所有东西粘在起,否则所有东西都会飘走。otherwise adv.否则;要不然;除此之外;在其他方面 or otherwise 或相反 (1)We must hurry, otherwise well miss the train. _否则否则_ (2)We will go there somehow，by boat or otherwise. 以其他方式以其他方式(3) There was some music playing upstairs. Otherwise the house was silent. 除此之外除此之外学学法点拨法点拨: （1）otherwise
25、 有时表示含蓄的虚拟条件，此时其后的句子要用虚拟语气，其谓语动词多为“would/could have done” but for/ withoutBob helped me. Otherwise, I wouldnt have finished （finish） the task on time.（2）用于“祈使句+otherwise+陈述句”中，意为“否则”，相当于or.Study hard next term, otherwise you will fall behind others.11. Will scientists figure out a way to store suffi
26、cient food and water for the long journey?figure out 弄懂;弄清楚;弄明白;想出;计算出 To be sure, there may be difficulties we cannot overcome, but if we work hard, we can figure out another way to solve the problem. 确实,有些困难我们无法克服，但如果我们努力工作就可以找到解决问题的另一种方法。We figure that the sensible thing to do is to wait. 认为认为kee
27、p ones figure 保持体形体形 the latest sales figure 最新销售数字数字 a political figure 政治人物人物 a tall figure in black 一个黑衣高个子人影人影12.Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money exploring space.一部分人认为，我们应该停止浪费时间和金钱去探索太空。argue vt.&vi.论证;争辩;争论 argue with sb(about/over/on sth) 就.与某人争论 argue for/against
28、 sth. 据理赞成/反对某事 argue sb into doing sth.说服某人做某事 persuade argue sb out of doing sth.说服某人不做某事argument n.争论;争辩；论点 settle an argument 解决争论have an argument with sb/ 与.争论 have an argument about/over sth为.争论13. It has directly resulted in the many satellites that now orbit Earth.如今环绕地球运行的众多卫星都直接归功于太空探索。res
29、ult in=cause=lead to=contribute to 导致;造成 (结果) result from=lie in=consist in =arise from=be caused by 由造成;因而产生 （原因） 易混辨析易混辨析 as a result, as a result ofas a result “因此;结果”,是副词短语，常作状语，使用时其前常有一个表示原因的句子as a result of “由于;因为”,是介词短语,只能连接名词、代词、动名词及what引导的宾语从句。(1) Thousands of animals get trapped in the fir
30、e, resulting in death or injury.成千上万的动物被困在大火中，这导致了死亡或受伤。(2) As a result of the pilots strike, all flights had to be cancelled. on account of/due to/ owing to/thanks to由于飞行员罢工，所有航班都取消了。14. Seeing pictures of our planet as an island in a black sea made people realise that our planets resources are lim
31、ited.看着我们星球的照片犹如黑色汪洋大海中的一个小岛,人们意识到地球的资源是有限的。limit n.限制;极限;界限;(常作复数)范围 vt.限制;限定limited adj.有限的 limitless adj.无限制的 beyond/over the limit超过限度 set a limit to.限制，控制 within limits 在一定限制内 limit .to .把限定在.范围内 be limited to限定在;受限制于. （1）Life is limited but service to the people is limitless. I will put my lim
32、ited life into limitless service to the people. 生命是有限的,但为人民服务是无限的。我要把有限的生命投人到无限的为人民服务之中。（2）Families are limited to four free tickets each. 每户限发四张免费票。14. It is necessary to find a new home for people in space, as the resources on Earth will run out.有必要为人们在太空中找到一个新家,因为地球上的资源将会耗尽。run out 用完;耗尽易混辨析 run
33、out, run out of, give out, use up run out“用完”,是不及物动词短语，其主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等名词 sth run outrun out of “用完了”,是及物动词短语，表示主动意义，主语一般是人 sb run out of sthgive out “用尽;精疲力竭”，为不及物动词短语 wear sb out/exhaust sb/sb give outuse up “用完;消耗尽”,为及物动词短语(1) By the time the traffic clears（回复畅通，不在受阻）, our gas will have _run out.(
34、2) She has _run out of_her money.(3)His strength _gave out_ after he ran that long distance.(4)My money has been _used up_，so I have to return home.16.carry on 继续做, 坚持干Her bravery has given him the will to carry on (with his life and his work. ) willing她的勇气给予了他继续生活和工作下去的意愿。We would rather carry on t
35、his experiment than give it up. 我们宁可把这项实验进行下去, 也不愿放弃它。【语块积累】carry out执行,实施(计划、命令) carry off 获 /赢得carry sb through sth使人渡过难关 carry sb back(to sth) 使回想起(sth); 回忆起(sth)17.launch v/n.发射发射;发起发起;发行发行,上市launch a rocket/satellite 发射发射火箭/卫星 launch an attack/a campaign发起发起攻击/运动launch his latest novel发行发行最新小说
36、a product launch 产品发布18. China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003.2003年，中国成为世界上第三个能够独立将人类送入太空的国家。depend v.依靠，取决于 dependence n. 依靠，依赖 dependent adj.依靠的，依赖的independence n.独立 independent adj.独立的，自立的 independently adv.depend on/upon 依靠，依赖；取决于 be depende
37、nt on依赖，取决于be independent of 不依赖，独立不依赖，独立于 win/gain independence from 获得独立（1）It was important for me to be financially independent of my parents.在经济上不依赖父母，这对我很重要。（2）He was the sort of person you could depend on. 他这个人你是可以信赖的。（3）India won its independence from England in 1947.印度于1947年从英国获得独立。19. It or
38、bits Earth and has astronauts from different countries on board.空间站环绕地球运行，其宇航员来自于不同国家.on board 在船上，在飞机上 board the ship/plane登船/登机 go on board上船/上飞机词语辨析词语辨析：board,broad与abroad（1）board n.板子，布告牌，委员会 v.登上（船、飞机等）board the plane（2）broad adj.宽的，广阔的 His shoulders were broad and his waist narrow.（3）abroad ad
39、v.在国外 The summer began with good news at home and abroad. 20. current adj.现在的；通用的，流通的 n.（水/电/气）流；趋向;思潮current affairs 时事 current money 流通货币cold/warm current 寒流/暖流 a current of thought 思潮 go with/against the current of the times 顺应/违背时代潮流currency n.货币；通用，流行Youll need some cash in local currency.你将需要一
40、些当地的货币当地的货币现金The qualification has gained currency all over the world. 这种资格在全世界都得到得到了普遍认可普遍认可。21. In order to provide for such a rapidly increasing population. 为了满足快速增长的人口需求.provide for sb 提供生活所需 provide for sth 为.做好准备provide sb with sth=provide sth for sb 为.提供.语块积累语块积累： offer sb sth= offer sth to s
41、b supply sb with sth=supply sth to sb22. In closing, exploring space provides the world with many different benefits. 总而言之，太空探索给世界带来了种种好处。 in closing 最后最后 语块积累语块积累：最后，总而言之 all in all/ altogether/ to sum up/ in conclusion/ to conclude 总之，简而言之 in short/ in a word/ in brief23. While landing, they must
42、attach themselves to sth so as to prevent foating around. 着陆时，他们必须把自己固定在某物上，以防止四处漂浮。attach v.系，贴；与.有关联；认为.重要attached adj.附着的，喜欢的，依恋的 attachment n.附件，附属品；爱慕；连接attach.to 把.固定在/附在.上 be attached to 附属于，喜欢attach importance/significance/value/weight to.认为.重要/有意义/有价值/有分量a childs strong attachment to its pa
43、rents 孩子对父母的强烈依恋1. No one is suggesting that any health risks attach to this product. 与与有关联有关联2. This middle school is attached to a normal college. 附附属属于于3. As a student, he attaches great value to learning strategies. 认为认为有价值有价值4. Please find my application letter and resume in the attachment. 附件附件
