1、 句子句子 类型类型简单句简单句并列句并列句复合句复合句主句主句形容词性从句形容词性从句 (定语从句定语从句)名词性名词性从句从句副词性从句副词性从句(状语从句状语从句)主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句从句从句名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 (Noun Clauses）。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句主语从句(Subject Clause)、宾语从句、宾语从句(Object Clause)、表语从句、表语从句(Pred
2、icative Clause) 和同位语从句和同位语从句(Appositive Clause）Who will win the match is still unknown. I want to know what he has told you. The fact is that we have lost the game. The news that we won the game is exciting. 主语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句 名词性从句的分类1. That the earth is round is true . 2. Whether she will
3、come or not is still a question. 3. What you are doing seems very difficult.4. When they will start has not been decided yet. 主语从句一个句子在复合句中充当主语叫主语从句。主语从句的引导词类别类别例词例词说明说明从属连词从属连词连接代词连接代词连接副词连接副词Can you fill in the blanks?the boy didnt know the answer made the teacher angry .make the teacher angrydidn
4、t know the answerThatThat不做成分，没有意义，不能省略。retire to a life of leisureremain to be seen he can retire to a life of leisure remains to be seen.Whether正： Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.whether与if引导主语从句位于句中有时可换用。但在下列情况下用whether不用if：(1) 主语从句位于句首时；(2) 从句后有or或紧跟or not时。误： If the
5、 meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.【巩固练习】 用whether或if填空。(1) It doesnt matter _ he will come or not.(2) _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.(3) It was doubtful _ Tom really saw Sharon.(4) _ Tom really saw Sharon was doubtful.whether Whetherwhether / ifWhetherThat he will
6、pass the exam is certain.Whether he will pass the exam is uncertain.uthat _成分，成分，_意义，意义，_省略。省略。uwhether/if _成分，成分，_意义，译为意义，译为_。结论：结论：不做不做是否是否无无不能不能不做不做有有从属连词从属连词 that /whether/if【练一练】1. _she left him made him heart-broken.2. _ he is still alive is a piece of good news to us.3. _ he will come or not
7、is not known yet.ThatThat从属连词从属连词（不做成分）（不做成分）that, whether,ifWhetherattain successunknown he attained success is unknown.How连接副词bomb will explodeworry the man the bomb will explode worries the man.When连接副词When the bomb will explode worries the man.Where she is from is unknown.Why he was late is not
8、important now.How he attained success is unknown.uwhen在主语从句中充当在主语从句中充当 _, 译为译为 _。uwhere在主语从句中充当在主语从句中充当 _, 译为译为 _。uwhy在主语从句中充当在主语从句中充当 _, 译为译为 _。uhow在主语从句中充当在主语从句中充当 _, 译为译为 _。结论：结论：状语状语何时何时状语状语何地何地状语状语为什么为什么状语状语怎样怎样连接副词连接副词（作状语）（作状语） when, where, how, whythe cat domade What the cat did made the bab
9、y cry.cry连接代词convince him to change his mindarouse my curiosity would convince him to change his mind aroused my curiostity.Who连接代词digest what the teachers teachget higher scorescan digest what the teachers teach is likely to get higher scores.Whoever连接代词Who will take part in the meeting has not bee
10、n decided.What she said is true.Which book I shall choose hasnt been decided.Whoever breaks the law will be punished.uwho在主语从句中充当在主语从句中充当 _, 译为译为 _。uwhat在主语从句中充当在主语从句中充当 _, 译为译为 _。uwhich在主语从句中充当在主语从句中充当 _, 译为译为 _。uwhoever在主语从句中充当在主语从句中充当 _, 译为译为 _。结论：结论：主语主语谁谁宾语宾语什么什么定语定语哪一哪一主语主语无论谁无论谁连接代词连接代词（作主语，宾
11、语，表语（作主语，宾语，表语,定语）定语）what, who, whom, wh+ever, which, whose功能功能连接词连接词不作成分不作成分that, whether作主、宾、表、作主、宾、表、what, who, whom, wh+ever作定语作定语which, whose,作状语作状语when, where, why, how Usage of the Conjunctions缺什么补什么缺什么补什么学法指导学法指导依据依据“缺什么补什么缺什么补什么”原则确定正确的连词。原则确定正确的连词。所谓所谓“缺什么补什么缺什么补什么”是指是指从句从句与与连词连词之间的关系。之间的关
12、系。如果句子中缺如果句子中缺主语主语，指，指人人用用who，指，指物物用用what。如缺如缺宾语宾语，指，指人人用用whom，指，指物物用用what。如缺如缺时间状语时间状语用用when；地点状语地点状语用用where。 原因状语原因状语用用why；方式状语方式状语用用how。如缺如缺定语定语用用whose或或which。如如什么都不缺什么都不缺用用that，Whether表表“是否是否”。探寻规律探寻规律1 1： 主语从句主语从句 主谓一致主谓一致 问题问题1. Whether the patient will be taken _ unknown.2. When and where the
13、 patient will be taken _ unknown.3. When the task can be finished and whether he can have a rest _ unknown.4. What he wants most _ staying with his family. What they need _ masks(口罩口罩).主句的谓语动词，大多数使用主句的谓语动词，大多数使用_ (单数？复数？单数？复数？)由两个连接词引导同一个主从，谓动使用由两个连接词引导同一个主从，谓动使用_ (单数？复数？单数？复数？)主语为主语为and连接的两个主从时，谓动使
14、用连接的两个主从时，谓动使用_ (单数？复数？单数？复数？)what在主从中做宾语时，谓动由在主从中做宾语时，谓动由_决定单复数决定单复数 (主语？表语？主语？表语？)单数单数单数单数复数复数表语表语isisareis are主语从句应使用_语序。1. Where we will have a picnic should be discussed. Where will we have a picnic should be discussed. 2. How we go for a picnic should be discussed. How do we go for a picnic sh
15、ould be discussed.Rule 3陈述句陈述句探寻规律探寻规律2 2： 主语从句的语序主语从句的语序That all countries work together is important. 探寻规律探寻规律3 3： 主语从句太长怎么办？主语从句太长怎么办？用一个用一个 It 来解决问题！来解决问题！ It is important that all countries work together. 避免头重脚轻Itbe形容词/名词短语/过去分词/不及物动词 that从句It is certain that the medicine will not bring about s
16、ide effect , because thousand of patients have taken it.形容词(necessary/likely/important/certain等名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)It is a pity that you missed such a good chance.Its said that he has gone to Shanghai.过去分词(said/told/reported等)It appears that he is worrying about something.不及物动词(seem, ap
17、pear, happen, matter等)毫无疑问毫无疑问据说据说看来看来遗憾的是遗憾的是1) It is /系动词系动词+ adj. +从句从句 常见的形容词有：常见的形容词有： It is possible that. 可能可能 It is (un)likely that. 不可能不可能 It is obvious that 很明显很明显 It is necessary/ essential/. that_(可能可能)she will come back tomorrow._ (很明显很明显)this measure is effective.+(should) +doIt is pos
18、sible thatIt is obvious that 2) It is /系动词系动词+ n. +从句从句 It is a pity/shame that. 遗憾的是遗憾的是 It is a surprise that令人惊奇的是令人惊奇的是_(很遗憾很遗憾) we lost the match._ (这是事实这是事实) he cheated in the exam.It is a pity thatIt is a fact that3) It + be +过去分词过去分词+从句从句 It is said/told/heard that. 据说据说 It is well known to
19、all . 众所周知众所周知 It is reported/announced . 据报道据报道 It is estimated. 据估计据估计 *_(据报道据报道)20 people were killed in the accident. It is reported that4) It +不及物动词不及物动词+从句从句 It happened that. 碰巧碰巧 It occurred to me that我突然想起我突然想起 It seems/ appears that . 看起来看起来.*_(刚好刚好)I came into the office at that time.*_(我
20、突然想起我突然想起)I forget to send the letter.It happened thatIt occurred to me that.单句填空单句填空1. is strange that the man should have stuck to his silly ideas.2.It is a pity we wont be able to go to the south to spend our summer vacation.3. caused the accident is still a mystery.4. is said that he has gone to
21、 Shanghai.(=He is said to have gone to Shanghai.)5.It is known to all gunpowder was first invented by the Chinese.ItthatWhatItthat 1. _ the earth goes around the sun is well-known to everybody. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether2. _ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. A. What B. That
22、 C. The fact D. The matter3. _ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who 4. _the sports meet will be held depends on the weather.A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That5. _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A. There
23、B. This C. That D. It6. The problem is_ he has enough time.A. if B. whether C./ D. that 6. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, _ our astronauts desire to do is to walk in space. A. where B. what C. that D. how 7. It worried Mary a lot _ she would pass the college entrance examination.
24、A. whether B. if C. that D. how 主语从句的引导词类别类别例词例词说明说明从属连词从属连词连接代词连接代词连接副词连接副词that，whether两者在从句中均不作成分，只起两者在从句中均不作成分，只起连接作用；连接作用；that无实义，无实义，whether表示表示“是否是否”。在从句中作主语、宾语、表在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。语、定语等成分。when，where，how，why等等在从句中作时间、地点、方式、在从句中作时间、地点、方式、原因状语等成分。原因状语等成分。what, who, whom, whose, which, wh+ever巧记主语从句整句作主语，其后单谓语整句作主语，其后单谓语莫忘加连词，莫忘加连词，that不略但无义不略但无义“是否是否”置前用置前用whether,其他应用靠翻译其他应用靠翻译主语从句可后置，只需形式主语主语从句可后置，只需形式主语it把它替把它替
