1、Useful words and expressionsUnit 5 Working the land选择性必修一选择性必修一1. My lifelong pursuit is to keep all the people away from hunger. 1) pursuit U 追求，寻找；追赶，追踪追求，寻找；追赶，追踪 C formal (pl) 爱好，消遣，嗜好爱好，消遣，嗜好(hobby, pastime, occupation)p(do sth.) in (the) pursuit of (work/ones dream/goal happiness/a thief) 以寻找（
2、工作）以寻找（工作）; 以追求（梦想以追求（梦想/目标目标/幸福幸福; 以以追赶（小偷）追赶（小偷）ppurue vt. 追求追求, 继续从事继续从事; 追赶追赶, 追踪；追踪；继续探讨，追究继续探讨，追究pursue ones dream/goal/aim/objective (of doing sth.) 追求（某人追求（某人.梦想、目标）梦想、目标）pursue a career in science/medicine/acting=pursue a (scientific/medical/acting) career 从事（医学、从事（医学、科学、演艺）事业科学、演艺）事业pursue
3、 ones studies/interests (with determination) （决心）（决心）求学、从事兴趣求学、从事兴趣pursue a thief/an escaped prisoner (at high speed) （高速）追赶小偷、逃犯（高速）追赶小偷、逃犯pursue a matter/question 探讨一件事、疑问探讨一件事、疑问2) keep (sb/sth) away from (hunger/drugs/junk foods/work/schook.) （使）远离、勿靠近（某人、物）（使）远离、勿靠近（某人、物）2. a pioneer for all pe
4、ople 造福全人类的先驱者造福全人类的先驱者3. (be) known as . 被称为被称为.， 公认为公认为.;作为作为而闻名而闻名pbe well known for 因为因为而闻名而闻名pbe known to sb. 为某人所知道为某人所知道 (=be familiar to sh)4. Yet, he considers himself a farmer because he continually works the land in his research.1) onsider oneself (as) + . 自认为自认为. =think oneself + . =rega
5、rd oneself as . 2) work vt. 经营经营, 管理管理 work the land/a farm 耕耘土地耕耘土地 / 经营农场经营农场 开动，操纵开动，操纵(设备设备)(=operate) work a machine 产生产生(效果效果) work wonders/miracles 创造奇迹创造奇迹3) continually/continously work the land 一直不断地耕耘土一直不断地耕耘土 =work the land nonstop/constantly/all the time5. Indeed, his slim but strong bo
6、dy is just like _ of millions of Chinese farmers, _ whom he has devoted his life. 事实上事实上, 他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的千千万万的中国农民一样。的千千万万的中国农民一样。1) that=the/ones +指指物物的的单数可数名词或不可数名词单数可数名词或不可数名词；pone =a(n) +指指人、物人、物的的 单数可数名词单数可数名词；pthe one =the/ones +指人、物的单数可数名词指人、物的单数可数名词thatto A table
7、made of steel costs more than _ made of wood. The table made of steel costs more than _ made of wood. The money spent on educating a black child was just one fourth of _ spent on each white child. The girl I saw was older than _ you were dancing with.one that/the one that the one devote (all) sb. s
8、(whole) life to sth./doing sth. 把某人把某人(整个整个)一生献给某事一生献给某事(做某事做某事)pdevote oneself to sth/doing sth 致力于致力于 =dedicate/apply/commit oneself to sth./doing sthpbe devoted to sb./sth./doing sth. =be committed/dedicated to sb/sth/doing sth 非常热爱某人非常热爱某人/ /物物; ; 被用于做某事被用于做某事; ; 忠诚于某人忠诚于某人( (物物) ); ; 致力于，专心于致力于
9、，专心于, , 全心全意于全心全意于pdevote sb. s time / energies / efforts / attention / space / wealth to sth./doing sth. pdevoted adj. 献身的献身的, 挚爱的挚爱的；忠实的；忠实的 (=committed) a devoted family man/opera fan 尽职的家庭妇男尽职的家庭妇男 / 忠实的歌剧粉丝忠实的歌剧粉丝pdevotion U 热爱热爱(great love); 奉献奉献，投入，投入， 忠忠实实 (dedication, commitment) After grad
10、uation from university, she made up her mind _（把整个一生都（把整个一生都献给）献给） scientific research. Few people are able to devote _ full time/ fully to their career.to devote/dedicate al her life to themselves Most of our meetings_ discussing the housing problem. A. were given to B. were spent on C. were devote
11、d to D. were used to Schools should _ (devote/spend/ contribute/commit) more time to science subjects. The council has _ (devote/commit/spend/ contribute) large amounts of money to housing pojects.The volunteers _ (devote/contribute/commit) huge amounts of their own time to the project.C devote/comm
12、it committed devoted/contributed Regardless of the risk of getting infected, Uncle Li is responsible and _ to his job. I feel that Ive been given a second life _ (devote) to something that is meaningful and enormous. 他致力于音乐他致力于音乐/帮助穷人。帮助穷人。 He devotes himself to music/helping the poor. =He is devote
13、d to music/helping the poor. His wife , _ whom he was so devoted, went abroad two years ago. Her_(devote) to work is beyond question.devoted/dedicated/committed to devoteto devotion/commitment/dedication 6. However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even
14、had a serious shortage of food to eat. 然而，然而，他最感关心的他最感关心的是农民经常收是农民经常收成不好，有时甚至严重缺粮。成不好，有时甚至严重缺粮。复合句，两个划线部分分别是连接代词复合句，两个划线部分分别是连接代词what和和连词连词that引引导的主语从句和表语从句。同时导的主语从句和表语从句。同时what在从句充当在从句充当concerned的主语，意为的主语，意为“的事情的事情”，that不从当成分，无意思。不从当成分，无意思。1) 主语从句的句型：主语从句的句型：pwhat +心理状态的动词心理状态的动词+ sb (most) is that
15、/wh-. (concern, impress, worry, surprise, amaze, shock, interest, upset, .) (see Page 51, P6)=lacked food to eat Fill in each blank with what, that, it. _ concerns me (most) is our lack of preparation for the change / is _ we lack prepartion for the change. _ impressed me was their ability to deal w
16、ith any problem. _ impressed me that she remembered my name. _ surprised me most was _ she didnt seem to care. _ is surprising about these results is that boys are more likely to be left-handed than girls. With all this beauty, _is not surprising that Ireland has developed strong traditions that inc
17、lude music, dancing, and dining.WhatthatWhatItWhatthatWhatitit concerns/impresses/surprises.sb that/wh-. _ started as a residential area for Chinese immigrants then turned into a centre for Chinese culture. But perhaps _ many tourists and Sanciscans treasure most about Chinatown is tis food.2) have
18、a serious/severe shortage/shortages of food to eat =lack food to eat =are very short of food to eat 严重缺乏可吃的食物严重缺乏可吃的食物p there be a/no shortage/shortages/lack of (fuel/water/funds) （没有）（没有）缺少缺少，缺乏，缺乏（）p(sb) be (running) short of sth（即将）（即将）缺少缺少/ /短缺（某物）短缺（某物）p(sth) be (running) short （某物）（即将）（某物）（即将）
19、缺少缺少/ /短缺短缺 =(sth) be in short supply Whatwhat There is a/no shortage(=lack) of fresh water on the island. 岛上缺乏岛上缺乏/不缺淡水。不缺淡水。 Poor harvests could cause/lead to (a) food shortage(s) / (a) shortage(s) of food in the winter. (= a lack of food) 歉收会导致冬天食物短缺。歉收会导致冬天食物短缺。 There is no heating available to/
20、for local residents because of/due to fuel shortages (=because of/due to lack of fuel). 因为缺乏燃料因为缺乏燃料, 所有没有供暖。所有没有供暖。 The project had to be abandoned for / because of/due to lack of funds/experience/interest/confidence.lack 主要指缺少抽象的事物或人员、资主要指缺少抽象的事物或人员、资 金、时间金、时间 shortage 主要指缺少物资主要指缺少物资、资金资金、人员等人员等 7
21、. To tackle this crisis, he chose to study agriculture and received an education at Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing.1) tackle the crisis/question/problem/shortage. vt. 处理，应对，解决（难题或困局）处理，应对，解决（难题或困局） (try to deal with a difficult problem or situation)2) choose to do sth. 选择、决定做某事选择、决定做某事3
22、) have/receive an education at. 在（某大学）接受教育在（某大学）接受教育6. Instead, farmers needed to boost yields in the fields they had.1) not .instead 不是不是.而是而是2) boost vt. 促进促进， 推动，推动， 使兴旺使兴旺(increase, raise, improve, advance, promote) a 激励，帮助激励，帮助 (an encouragement/a help)； 增长增长(in sth) (an increase/a rise in sth)
23、pboost yields/profits/tourism/the economy ones confidence/morale/spirits 提高提高产量产量/利润利润; 促进促进旅游；旅游； 推动推动经济；经济；增强增强信心信心/士气士气p=give a boost to (the economy/ones confidence/morale.)pget/receive a boost from sth=be boosted by sth 被被.推动推动pbe a great/major/welcome boost for/to sth =be a(n)encourage/help to
24、对对来说一个激励和帮助来说一个激励和帮助a boost in car sales/imports 汽车销售、进口的增长汽车销售、进口的增长_ (choose) to attend the conference _（确实鼓舞了（确实鼓舞了Matthew信心信心）. _._.3) yield C & U 产量，产量， 产出，收益产出，收益 (the total amount of crops, profits that are produced) vt. 产生（结果产生（结果/办法办法/收益）收益）; 出产（作物出产（作物/果实等）果实等）(produce) vi. (yield to sth)
25、屈服，屈服， 让步让步(give in/way to); 被被.所所取代取代 (give way to, be replaced by)gave Matthew a real boost was a real boost to Matthewss confidenceboosted Matthews confidenceBeing chosen (attain/give/bring) a good/high/poor/low (crop / wheat) yield (of crops/wheat) （达到达到/获得获得/带来带来）.收益、产量、产出收益、产量、产出Advances in te
26、chnology have improved/boosted crop yields _ over 30%.yield results/solutions/fruit/crops/profits/benefits (=produce) 产生效果、提出解决办法、出产果实产生效果、提出解决办法、出产果实yield to demands/pressure/public opinion/terrorism 屈服于屈服于要求要求/压力压力/公众舆论公众舆论/恐怖主义恐怖主义by8. Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in the crea
27、tion of hybrid rice. 袁隆平坚信，在杂交水稻的发明中可以袁隆平坚信，在杂交水稻的发明中可以找到找到答案。答案。p be/feel (firmly/totally/fully) convinced that 宾从宾从 of sth (ones honesty/the safety/possibility of.) 坚信，（完全）深信坚信，（完全）深信，（充分）确信，（充分）确信 pconvince sb/oneself. that（宾从）（宾从） of sth (ones honesty.) 使某人使某人/自己自己相信相信/坚信坚信/深信深信/确信确信 pconvincing
28、 adj. 令人信服的令人信服的pconvince sb. (not) to do sth. 说服某人（不）做某事说服某人（不）做某事 =persuade/talk/argue sb. into/out of doing sth. 我们最终使我们最终使他们相信我们是清白他们相信我们是清白的。的。 We finally _ _ _ we were innocent.= We finally _ _ _ our innocence. 有些研究者坚信其它星球有可能存在生命。有些研究者坚信其它星球有可能存在生命。Some researchers _ _ _ _life is possible on o
29、ther planets / _ the possibility of life on other planets.convinced them thatconvinced them ofare firmly convinced thatof 那位销售员没能说服我买一辆二手车。那位销售员没能说服我买一辆二手车。 The salesman failed _ a used car.Molly agreed, but she did not sound very _ (convince). His arguments dont sound _ (convince), because they are
30、 not based on facts. He will demand _ (convince) evidence before he adopts a new theory. I convinced _ that I was doing the right thing.to convince me to buyconvincedconvincingconvincingmyself9. A hybrid is a cross between two or more varieties of a species. 杂交杂交品种品种是一物种两个或两个以上的品种的杂种。是一物种两个或两个以上的品种的
31、杂种。phybrid C 杂交动杂交动/植物，植物， 杂种杂种 (cross, cross-breed) (of) 合成物合成物(mixture, mix) (between/of.and.) 混合动力车混合动力车 (a hybrid car/vehicle) adj. 杂交的；杂交的； 混合的混合的 A mule (骡骡) is a hybride of a male donkey and female horse.The music was a hybride of/between Western pop and traditional folk song.hybrid rice/arch
32、itecture 杂交水稻杂交水稻/混合风格的建筑混合风格的建筑10. One characteristic of hybrids is that they usually attain a higher yield than conventional crops. 1) characteristic C （人或物典型的容易辨认的）（人或物典型的容易辨认的）特征特征, 特特性性, 特色特色, 品质品质 (feature, quality, character) (of) adj. 典型的典型的 (typical, classic, representive); 独特的独特的 (distinct
33、ive)pcharacter C & U （人、集体）（人、集体）性格性格, 品质品质； （地方）（地方）特色，特色， 特点特点; 人物人物; 角色角色; 字符字符 Good planning is one of the key/main _ of a successful business. The white stone houses are _ of the island.characteristicscharacteristic/typical Its _ of her that she never complained. Mark, with _ kindness/enthusias
34、m/ curiosity, offered to help. The twins look alike but have very different _. The two groups of children have quite different _. The two towns are similar in size, but very different in _. Compare:describle a place with distinctive cultual/national/social identity U （区别于人或群体的）文化（区别于人或群体的）文化/民族民族/社会
35、社会特性特性/身份身份the physical/chemical/medical properties of the two substances. （自然特性，性能）（自然特性，性能）characteristiccharacteristic/typicalcharacterscharacteristicscharacter2) attain vt. (经过长期努力经过长期努力) 获得，得到获得，得到 ； 达到（年龄、水平、目标、尺寸等）达到（年龄、水平、目标、尺寸等） (achieve, obtain, get; reach)pattain a high yield 获得高产量获得高产量pa
36、ttain independence/good grades/marks 获得独立获得独立/好成绩好成绩pattain ones goal/aim/purpose/objective/target/ambition (of sth/doing sth) 达到达到/实现某人实现某人(.)的目标的目标/目的目的/理想理想pattain a standard/speed/length/position/the age of . 达到达到的标准的标准/速度速度/长度长度/地位地位/年龄年龄 (=reach)pattainable (goals/targets.) adj. 可到达的可到达的;可得到的可
37、得到的; 可可实现的实现的pattainment U达到达到, 实现实现; C成就成就, 造诣造诣 (achievement)3) conventional adj. 传统的传统的(traditional); 陈旧的陈旧的, 墨守成规的墨守成规的(traditional); （武器、战争）（武器、战争）常规的常规的 pconventionally adv. 按照惯例按照惯例(traditionally, by convention/tradition) pconvention C & U 习俗，惯例习俗，惯例; C（艺术等）传统风格（艺术等）传统风格 conventional methods/
38、apporaches/medicine传统方法传统方法/医学医学She is very conventional in her views/tastes. 她的观点她的观点/爱好爱好很守旧。很守旧。 a conventional war 常规战争常规战争social conventions 社会习俗社会习俗11. However, whether it was possible _(develop ) a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great debate. 然而，是否能够开发出水稻等自花授粉作
39、然而，是否能够开发出水稻等自花授粉作物的杂交品种物的杂交品种, ,是一个引起巨大争论的问题是一个引起巨大争论的问题。复合句，含有连词复合句，含有连词whether 引导的主语从句。引导的主语从句。1) =However, it was a matter of great debate whether it was possble to devolop a hibride of .rice. Countries around/across the globe are spending billions of dollars and lots of time on various space mi
40、ssions, whether to Mars or (to) other planets much further away (=well beyond). to develop 从属连词从属连词, “不管不管.还是还是”, 引导让步状语从句引导让步状语从句 _ _2) pollinate vt. 给给传授花粉传授花粉flowers pollinated by bees/the wind 由蜜蜂由蜜蜂 / 风传粉的花卉风传粉的花卉self-pollinating plants 自授粉的植物自授粉的植物 ppollination U 授粉授粉3) be a matter of money/ti
41、me/great debate 是一个钱、时间、巨大争论的问题是一个钱、时间、巨大争论的问题12. The common/general/widespread assumption then was that it could not be done.复合句，含有连词复合句，含有连词that引导表语从句引导表语从句。=There was a common/general/widespread assumption then that it could not be done. (同位语从句同位语从句) 1) assumption C 假定假定; 设定设定 (about/that) U (责任的
42、责任的); 承担承担; (权利的权利的)获得获得 (ofpmake an assumption about sth./that.从句从句 假设；认为假设；认为pbe based on the assumption that.从句从句 以以.假设为根据假设为根据p(work) on the assumption that. 在假定在假定的情况下（行事）的情况下（行事）pthe assumption of responsibility/power/control 承担责任，承担责任， 取得权力、控制取得权力、控制 pSo can I assume that the aim of the festi
43、val is to raise money? vt. 假设，假定假设，假定, 认为认为 (suppose, think) (BB2, P55)pIt is (generally) assumed that.人们认为人们认为passume responsibility for sth. 承担对承担对.的责任的责任13. Through intense effort, Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 197
44、4. 复合句，斜体字部分为关系代词复合句，斜体字部分为关系代词that引导的限制性定语从引导的限制性定语从句。句。1) (achieve success) through intense/co-operative effort 通过极大努力、齐心协力（取得成功）通过极大努力、齐心协力（取得成功）pthrough ones efforts 通过某人的努力通过某人的努力pwith (an) effort= with difficulty 费点功夫费点功夫/ /努力；好不容努力；好不容易地易地2) intense adj. （感觉、情感）极度的（感觉、情感）极度的，十分强烈的，十分强烈的， 剧剧烈的
45、烈的 (very great, or strong, extreme) to be used for farming （活动）严肃紧张的，认真的，激烈的（活动）严肃紧张的，认真的，激烈的 （人）热切的（人）热切的, 过于认真的过于认真的pintensely adv. 强烈地强烈地; 极度极度; 剧烈地剧烈地be under intense pressure (to do sth) 承受（做某事的）沉承受（做某事的）沉重压重压力力suffer from intense heat/pain 一直一直遭受酷热遭受酷热/剧痛剧痛 take an intense interest in sth 对某事有
46、浓厚的兴趣对某事有浓厚的兴趣 intense concentration/competition 全神贯注全神贯注/激烈竞争激烈竞争be intense about sth. 对某事热心、过于认真对某事热心、过于认真3) overcome (technical) difficulties/problems 克服（技术）克服（技术）困难困难/解决问题解决问题 (=conquer, get over)overcome ones shyness/fear 克服害羞害怕心理克服害羞害怕心理 (=conquer)overcome a bad habit/difference 克服了一项恶习克服了一项恶习
47、/分歧分歧overcome the enemy/a team 打败敌人打败敌人/对手对手 (=conquer, defeat，beat) (overcame; overcome) 4) technical adj. 技术的，技能的，工艺的技术的，技能的，工艺的 （与具体工作（与具体工作有关）有关） technical reasons/difficulties/problemsptechnically adv. 在技能上；确切意义上地在技能上；确切意义上地p technique C 技术，技能，技艺技术，技能，技艺 Compare:ptechnological adj. 科技的（与发明有关）科技
48、的（与发明有关）technological breakthroughs / advances / progressptechnologically adv. 科技上的科技上的ptechnology C & U 科技科技14. This hybrid enabled farmers to expand their output greatly.=This hybrid made _.it possible for farmers to expand their output greatly1) expand vt. vi. 扩扩大大 (规模，数量，体积，程度规模，数量，体积，程度) 扩展扩展,
49、发展发展 (业务，机构业务，机构)p expansion U & C 扩张扩张; 扩展扩展; 扩大扩大; 膨胀膨胀(growth)p expand the output/area/the economy/business/industry /airport 扩大产量扩大产量/面积面积/经济经济/生意生意/工业工业/机场机场 Metals expand when (they are) heated. The computer industry _ (expand) greatly/rapidly over the last decade.2) output U, a （人（人/机器机器/工厂等）
50、产量工厂等）产量; 输出输出; 输出量输出量 vt. 输出（信息）输出（信息）(output, output, outputting)has expanded increase/expand/reduce manufacturing / agricultural / industrial output 增加增加/扩大扩大/减少制造减少制造/农业农业/工业产量工业产量The grain output /The output of grain has increased by 10%. output data 输出数据输出数据15. Today, it is estimated that abou
