1、Everything exceptthe weather英国属海洋性气候，具有冬暖夏凉的特点英国属海洋性气候，具有冬暖夏凉的特点,冬夏冬夏没有很大差别，这主要是因为它是一个岛屿国没有很大差别，这主要是因为它是一个岛屿国家。家。(冬天冬天,海洋比陆地温度高，海风将热量带到海洋比陆地温度高，海风将热量带到陆地，导致陆地温度升高，夏天则相反）陆地，导致陆地温度升高，夏天则相反）.西风西风常常吹过英国大陆，致使常年有雨常常吹过英国大陆，致使常年有雨. What is the weather like in England? In spring: Mild, dry and sunny. Rainy,
2、cloudy and warm. In summer: Dry, cloudy and cool. Rain and showers. In autumn: Dry, sunny. Fog early and late. In winter: Strong winds, heavy rain. Snow, cold. The best seasons are spring and summer. The nearer the summer, the warmer the sun shines. Its warmer. The nearer the winter, the colder the
3、days are. In winter they have all kinds of weather. Sometimes it rains and sometimes it snows heavily, and they also have fog and frost. The two worst months in England are January and February. They have many cold wet days one after another.As is know to all ,a typical English gentleman usually tak
4、es an umbrella with him.Similarly,when people there meet others,they usually begin with the weather . Why did Harrison sell his house so quickly?1. except prep. 除了，除了除了，除了外外Except a broken chair, the room has no furniture.除了一把破椅子，这间房子里什么也没有。（chair与furniture性质相同）except for 除之外Except for a broken chai
5、r, the room is empty.除了一把破椅子外，这间房子是空的。(except for 没有“所指项目类别”的限制)except thatI know nothing about his career except that he is a graduate of Oxford University. except 表示“除外，(其余都)”指同一类事物的总体中除去一部分。but prep. 除之外 ( 与no, nobody, all, anywhere等连用）Nobody knew her name but me. 除了我之外，没人知道她的名字。They were all the
6、re on time but the chairman. 除了主席外，其余人都按时到了。but 强调未被排除的其他事物（人）except 强调所排除之人（事物） 2. complain vt. 抱怨，控诉（常与抱怨，控诉（常与that从句连用从句连用）1)（常做贬义）抱怨，投诉，发牢骚complain to sb about/at sth 对某人抱怨某事抱怨这个恶劣的天气 complain about the terrible weather你总是抱怨命运！ You are always complaining about your fate!complain of.诉说（病，痛等） comp
7、lain of a toothache 牙疼2)（正式地）投诉我们向警方投诉。 We complained to the police about the noise from the bar.3. continually adv. 频繁地，屡次地，反复地频繁地，屡次地，反复地我一再地遗遗失东西。 I am continually losing things 他一再地迟到。 He was continually late for workcontinuously 连续不断地，不间断地他们整整唠叨一小时了。 They chattered continuously for an hour.cont
8、inual指“一段时间内多次发生，时断时续，中断时间很短而又接连发生”你需要持续的锻炼。 You need continual practicecontinuous指“中间没有间断，但持续某段时间后可能会停下来”这架飞机能持续飞行两大。 The plane is capable of two day continuous night.4.bitterly adv. 严寒地，刺骨地，痛苦地严寒地，刺骨地，痛苦地他极度的失望。 He was bitterly disappointed刺骨的寒冷 be bitterly cold bitter adj. 1)苦味的 a bitter taste 一种
9、苦的味道2)痛苦的，令人悲伤的 a bitter experience 痛苦的经历3)严寒的 a bitter winter 寒冷的冬天bitterness n苦味，酸辛，苦难谁和我同甘共苦呢？ Who goes through the happiness and bitterness with me?1. My old friend, Harrison, had lived in the Mediterranean for many years before he returned to England. 在14课的语法中，介绍了和“过去完成时”连用的一些介词，比如：after，as soo
10、n as，notuntil，而这课的语法重点也是“过去完成时”。在这个句子中，使用了before来和“过去完成时”连用，表达“过去的过去”概念。 “he returned to England”已经是“过去”了，那么before这个“过去”的话，就是“过去的过去”了。2. He had often dreamed of retiring in England and had planned to settle down in the country. dream of 表示“梦想、幻想、向往”。 他一直梦想着成为一名诗人。 He has always dreamed of becoming a
11、 poet. settle down 表示“定居”、“安顿”。 【country & countryside】 a) country用作可数名词时，表示“国家”；country用作不可数名词时，表示“城镇四周的土地”，即“乡间、乡下”，经常用于in the country的短语中： China is a large country. He had planned to settle down in the country .b) 在表示“乡村，乡下”的意思时，countryside与country相同，但countryside强调景色；另外，如果没有明确的上下文，选用 countryside更
12、稳妥： The countryside around Vienna is very beautiful. I sat in the front of the bus to get a good view 3. He had no sooner returned than he bought a house and went to live there. no sooner.than. 一就 as soon as 一就 hardlywhen 几乎未来得及就 主 + had no sooner done + than + 一般过去时的句子 主 + had hardly done + when +
13、一般过去时的句子 我刚一到家就下雨了。 他一见到她就爱上她了。 他一到北京就病倒了。 我刚一回来他又让我去出差。 我们刚一开始就被告诉停下来。4. Almost immediately he began to complain about the weather, for even though it was still summer, it rained continually and it was often bitterly plain about & complain of： complain about 多用于对你不满意的事情“抱怨” complain of 多用于“由于生病或是身体
14、某一部分不适、疼痛”的抱怨。for在这里为连词，意思是“因为”。它与because不同，不能用于句首。even though引导的是让步状语从句，表示“即使”、“虽然”。也可以写为“though”，不过even though语气要强多了。continually表示“反复的”、“常常的”，中间有短暂的间歇，常用来修饰不好的或令人讨厌的事情：6.He acted as if he had never lived in England before. as if “像一样”。常用来引导表示方式的状语从句。 as if也可以用as though代替，意思是一样的。 在用法上，as if/as thou
15、gh后面句子的时态有两种，一种是陈述式。一种是虚拟式（一般是在陈述式基础上将助动词变成过去式形式。） as if/as though后面的句子如果是陈述式的话，表示从某种迹象看，所表达的事情是真实的，或是可能发生的。比如： It looks as if its going to rain.看上去天好象要下雨。 as if/as though后面的句子如果是虚拟式的话，所表达的事情是不真实的或与已知事实相反的。比如： She acted as if she were mad.（她并没有真正的疯） 比较这么两个句子： He walks as if he is drunk.（表示从他的走路姿势来判断
16、，他是醉了。） He walks as if he were drunk.（表示他根本没有喝酒，这里只是一个假设） 所以，课文中“as if he had never lived in England before”用的就是虚拟式，所以使用了“have never lived”的过去式“had never lived”。表示Harrison其实以前是住在英国的。 它们可以引导倒装，把助动词提到主语前： Hardly had I started my supper when I heard a knock on the door. No sooner Had I started my suppe
17、r than I heard a knock on the door. as soon as 可与一般现在时连用，而hardlywhen 与 no soonerthan则通常与过去完成连用，几乎不与一般现在时连用： As soon as he had returned, he bought a house. As soon as he returns, hell buy a house. past perfect tense过去完成时过去完成时:表示过去某个时间以前已经完成的动作表示过去某个时间以前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。或存在的状态。 即：过去的过去发生到过去结束。即：过去的过去发生到过
18、去结束。构成方式构成方式:肯定句肯定句: had+过去分词过去分词 否定句否定句:一般疑问句一般疑问句:肯定回答肯定回答: Yes, 主语主语+ had. 否定回答否定回答: No, 主语主语+ hadnt.had not+ 过去分词过去分词had+ 主语主语+ 过去分词过去分词过去完成时在时间状语从句中的运用： 时间状语从句 主句1）after/ as soon as+过去完成时 一般过去时 After the class had begun, the little boy arrived at the classroom. 开始上课以后，这个男孩才到教室。2) before/ until
19、+ 一般过去时 过去完成时 He had called me before he came to see me. 他来看我之前给我打过电话。3) no sooner/ hardly +过去完成时 than/ when +一般过去时 I had no sooner gone out than it began to rain. 我刚走到外面就开始下雨了。 一、表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。一、表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。1. By yesterday evening she had finished reading the book.到昨天晚上， 她已读完了那本书。 2. By
20、 the end of last year, they had built many new houses.去年年底之前， 他们已建了很多新房子。二、表示在过去某一动作以前已经完成了的动作二、表示在过去某一动作以前已经完成了的动作。1. He said that he had seen you.他说他以前见过你。When I came in he had finished his homework.2. 当我进来时， 他已完成了作业。 过去完成时与一般过去时的区别时间状语不同过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”，而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。They had arrived at th
21、e station by ten yesterday. (说明不到点就在车站了）They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.(说明点到车站的）1. After he _ (finish) his work he went out.had finished2. The children ran away after they _ (break) the window.had broken3. I went to Toms house but he _ (go) out.had gone4. Annie told me that his father
22、_ ( go ) to Paris and he _ ( come ) back in a few days.had gonewould come5. My friend _ (buy) the car two years ago. He _ (buy) it for two years.boughthas hadTell the story Old friend-Mediterranean-many years-returned Dreamed of returning-settle down No sooner-house-live there Immediately-complain-weather Summer-rained-cold So many-sunshine-shock Acted as if never-England In the end- more could bear Hardly- settle down- sold- left
