1、八年级下册期末串讲八年级下册期末串讲程家国2016年7月6日八年级下时态总结八年级下时态总结1. 1. 过去进行时过去进行时助动词: _肯定句: _否定句: _一般疑问句: _ 放句首例如: 昨天8点我正在做作业._当他回到家时我正在听音乐._was / werewas / were + doingwasnt / werent + doingwas / wereI was doing homework at 8 yesterday. I was listening to music when he came home. 2. 2. 现在完成时现在完成时助动词: _肯定句: _否定句: _一般疑
2、问句: _ 放句首例如: 他已经完成工作._我还没吃午饭._have/ hashave / has + 动词过去分词have / hasHe has finished the work already. I havent had lunch yet. havent / hasnt + 动词过去分词语法要点1 现在完成时：现在完成时：构成：构成：have/has +动词的过去分词动词的过去分词常用的时间状语有：常用的时间状语有：for +一段的时间,since + 表示起点的时间表示起点的时间_ two days _ 20 years ago_ last week _ 30 hours常用的副词
3、有：常用的副词有：already, yet, never, ever, just， lately, recentlyforsincesincefor判断下列词语哪些可以判断下列词语哪些可以和现在完成时连用和现在完成时连用(yes/no)：alreadyLast weekjustFor 3 daysyesterdayNext yearSince 1992everSince last SundayyetneverIn 5 hoursbeforeSince 3 days agoyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesNoNoNoNo难点解析?现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作
4、对现在造成的影响或结果。?1）表示过去的动作刚刚结束，常与 just, already, ever, never ,yet ,before连用。?他已经回到家了。?He has already gone home.?她还没找到一份工作。?She hasnt found a job yet.?他刚刚关掉了灯。?He has just turned off the light.难点解析难点解析They have lost the game.他们输掉了那场比赛。2)表示过去的结果对现在仍有影响，通常不与时间状语连用。他买了电脑。He has bought the computer.3）.表示开始于过
5、去并持续到现在（也许还会继续进行下去）的动作或状态。1）表示动作的持续，常与 “ _ +时间段”“_+时间起点” 连用。他到珠海两年多了。He has been in Zhuhai for over two years.从三年前开始，我就认识他了。I have known him since three years ago.2)在现在完成时中， 瞬间动词必须改为相应的表示延续意义的动词或词组才可以与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。She has had the car for a year.His father has been away from China for 5 years.forsin
6、ce现在完成时的疑问？格式: _ 助动词: _瞬间动词与持续动词:瞬间动词可以用于完成时吗?什么时候不可以用瞬间动词?die ?borrow ?buy ?arrive in ?他已经买了那本书. _他买了那本书三天了._什么情况是例外?他三天都没买任何东西.have/ has + 过去分词have hasbe dead keephave be inHe has bought that book.He has had that book for three days.He hasnt bought anything for three days.句型:1. 去过:2. 去了: 3. 一直在:例如
7、: 他去过香港三次. 他去了香港. 他在香港三年了. have/ has been tohave/ has gone tohave/ has been in, atHe has gone to HongKong.He has been to HongKong for three times.He has been in HongKong for three years.短暂性动词延续性动词arrivehas/have beenbeginhave been onborrowhave keptbuyhave hadclosehave been closeddiehave been deadget
8、uphave been upjoinhave been in/been aleavehave been away fromlosehave not hadopenhave been openput onhave worn1. 你你去过美国吗? 没有没有,从来没有.2. John在哪里?他他去了图书馆. 他他已经去那里两个小时了.3.我已经买了三天了.4. 英语课已经开始10分钟了.5. 李雷已经离校半小时了.Have you ever been to the USA? No, never .Where is John?He has gone to the library. He has bee
9、n there for two hours.I have had it for three days.The English class has been on for 10 minutes.Li Lei has been away fromschool for half an hour.6. Mr谭在地震中牺牲了谭在地震中牺牲了.他他已经去世很多年了.7. 这个婴儿已经出生两周了.8. 麦克借已经有一个星期了.9. 火车已经来了10分钟了.10. 我姐姐当空姐已经有两年了.Mr Tan died in the earthquake. He has been dead for years.Th
10、e baby has been born for two weeks.Mike has kept “Harry Potter” for a week.The train has been here for 10 minutes.My sister has been a flight attendant for 2 years.4. 4. 现在完成进行时现在完成进行时助动词: _肯定句: _否定句: _一般疑问句: _ 放句首例如: 他们从2005年开始一直住在珠海._我一直看了三个小时书._have/ hashave / has + been + doinghave / hasThey hav
11、e been living in Zhuhai since 2005. I have been reading for 3 hours.havent / hasnt + been + doingI have been skating for two years.She has been collecting toys since three years ago.for+ 段时间for two dayssince+ 点时间 since two days ago与其连用的时间状语有：我已经滑冰两年了自从三年前开始，她一直在收集玩具。动词时态填空：1. I _(have) breakfast alr
12、eady.2. She is ill. She _ (lie)in bed for three weeks.3. So far Mei _ (learn) over 2000 English words.4. What _ you _(do) all this time?5. You _(say) that since you came here years ago. have hadhas been lyinghas learnedhave been doinghave been saying2. 主将从现如果从句是由_ (如果)，_ (当)，_ (一就) 引导的一般现在时的条件状语从句，
13、主句要用一般将来时或用can, should等情态动词组成的句子。如果明天下雨， 我就留在家。_当他长大， 他将当一名医生。_ifwhenas soon asIf it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home.When he grows up , he will be a doctor.As soon as I call him, he will pick me up.ExercisesFill in the blanks with the words given.1.The students will go to the Great Wall if it _
14、(not rain) tomorrow.2.If he _ (not do) his homework, hell be late.3.If she likes it, she _ (read) it soon.4.If you play computer games on weekdays, you _ (be) tired.5.If you watch TV tonight, you _ (not study) for the test.doesnt raindoesnt dowill readwill bewont study用所给词的正确形式填空。1.If you _ ( be) la
15、te, the teacher will be angry.2.We dont know if it _ tomorrow (snow ).3.He _( become ) a soccer player ifhe works hard.4. You _(be) famous if you sing well.arewill snowwillbecomewill be5 Half of these bananas _(be) bad.6 Half of the boys _(like ) basketball.7. Half of the bread _ tasty.(be)arelikeis
16、I dont know if my brother_ (come) tomorrow. If he_ (come), Ill be happy.注意宾语从句中的if与条件状语从句if的区别。宾语从句中的if“ 是否”相当于whether ，宾语从句通常位于主句之后。引导宾语从句，时态需根据语境确定。我不知道明天是否会下雨。I dont know if it_ (rain)tomorrow.will comecomeswill rain用动词适当形式填空用动词适当形式填空I _ (see) this movie, and I _ it last night.I _ (sleep) when th
17、e telephone _ (ring) yesterday.If you _ (go) to the party, you _ a good time.They _ (watch) TV since 10 o clock. Look, they are still _ (watch) TV now.have seen sawwas sleeping ranggo will havehave been watching watching has metwill meet 持续动词和瞬间动词的转换The dog _ last night. And it _ for 12 hours. (死亡)I
18、 _ the book from her last week. And I _ it for seven days. (借)He _ the watch since two weeks ago. He ?You should _ (have) a rest, you _ (work) for 10 hours.havehave been workingdiedhas been deadborrowedhave kepthave hadbought八年级下重点语法八年级下重点语法, 句句型型一、直接引语与间接引语 -宾语从句1. He said, “Im hard -working.”= He
19、said he was hard-working.1.注意时态一致He wants to know where Mary was last night.2. 引导词1） that 2 ） if/ whether 3) 特殊疑问词1. 1. 直接引语和间接引语直接引语和间接引语直接引语: He said, “I comefrom China.”间接引语: He said (that) hecamefrom China.直接改间接注意: 人称, 时态对应, 缺一不可.陈述句时: 连词是_, 可省略, 后接主谓.She said, “I want to borrow a book.”_They sa
20、id, “Our teacher is Miss Li.”_thatShe said she wanted to borrow a book. They said their teacher was Miss Li. He said he would give me a gift.一般疑问句时: 连词是_ 或_, 不可省.例如: Lily said , “ Are you a teacher?”?Lily asked (me) if / whether I wasa teacher.John said, “Are they talking with Sam?”_She said, “Will
21、you come to my birthday party?”_注意, 只能用whether的情况:1. 介词+ whetherif whether John asked if they were talking with Sam. She asked if I would come to her birthday party. 特殊疑问句时: 用原来的疑问词引导用原来的疑问词引导, 不可省.例如: She said, “What are you doing?”?She asked (me) what I was doing.They said, “Where do you live?”_He
22、 asked, “When will you have a test?”_祈使句时： 变成tell/ ask/ order sb. (not) to do例如：He said, “Open the door.”They asked where I lived. He asked when I would have a test. He told me to open the door.He told me not to open the door.1.My teacher said to me, “You were hard- working lst term.”= My teacher sa
23、id that _ _ hard-working last term.2. Marcia phoned me, “Im going to leave tomorrow.”= Marica phoned me that she _ going to leave the _day.3. “Have you seen the film?” he asked me.= He asked me _ I _ _ that film.I waswasnextifhad seen4. The teacher said, “Dont open your books, please.”=The teacher t
24、old us _ _ open our books.5. Mother said, “Ill go shopping.”= Mother said that _ _ go shopping.6. The science teacher said, “The earth goes around the sun.”=The science teacher said that the earth _ around the sun.not toshe wouldgoes1.Could you teel me what well do?= Could you tell me _ _ _?2. I don
25、t know which I will choose.= I dont know _ _ _.3. Nobody taught me how I could swim.= Nobody taught me _ _ _.4. Tell me who will help us.= Tell me _ _ _ us.what to dowhich to choosehow to swimwho to help特殊疑问词+ to do 和宾语从句的转换1. I dont know which shirt to buy.I dont know which shirt I _ _ .2. They don
26、t know where to go tomorrow.They dont know where _ _ _ tomorrow.3.Mary wonder when to visit the museum.Mary wonders _ _ _ _the museum.should buythey will go when she should visit ( )3. Do you know _ ？Yes. She is doing her homework.A. what is your sister doingB. what your sister is doingC. when your
27、sister is doing homeworkD. where is your sister doing homework答案：解析：考查宾语从句以及句意。宾语从句用陈述句语序，根据答句：是的，她正在做作B( )6. Do you know _ ？Next Sunday. A. what they will doB. what will they do C. when will they come D. when they will come 答案：解析：考查宾语从句。根据答语可知提问时间，连接词用when；且用陈述语序。故选D1. What did your son say in the
28、letter ?- He said that he _ China next Sunday.A.will B. has visited C. is going to visit D. would visit 2. He wondered _ .A. where is the youth centre isB. what he did wrong C. how far is the amusement parkD. when does the library open3. My mother told me the earth _ around the sun. A. goes B. goed
29、C. went D. would goDBA二二. . 反意疑问句易错点反意疑问句易错点判断出表示否定的词：判断出表示否定的词：no, unhappy, never, a little, nothing, hard, little, dislike, seldom, hardly, sothat, tooto, nobody, few, impolite, notI am late, _ ?I think he is right, _ ?I dont think he is right, _ ?He has lunch at school, _?arent I isnt he is he do
30、esnt he hasnt he hasnt / doesnt he反义疑问句：前肯后否，前否后肯1.There is some milk on the plate,_ _ ?2.Mary goes to school on foot ,_ _ ?3.They are good friends ,_ _ ?4.He has little money, _ _ ?5. He can sing in French, _ _ ?6.Tim hardly can speak in Japanese,_ _?7. She is a good girl,_ _ ?8.Bob went to the mov
31、ies last night , _ _ ?isnt theredoesnt shearent theydoes hecant hecan he didnt heisnt she含否定意思的词：never，few, little, seldom, hardly, nothing, nobody, no one 回答反意疑问句回答反意疑问句不管是前肯后否型， 还是前否后肯， 审题时一律改成前肯后否！You didnt go home last night, did you?_You are not Chinese, are you?_China isnt the biggest country
32、in the world, is it?_Yes, I did.Yes, I am.No, it isnt .Yes, I do.三、感叹句1)What + _ 词！如：What a boy !2)What + a/ an + adj + 单数可数名词！What an unusual girl !3)What + adj + 可数名词复数！What beautiful flowers!4)What + adj + 不可数名词！What hot soup !5)How +_ / _ + 主语+ 谓语！How fast he fell asleep !名形容词副词两种感叹句转换，并翻译成汉语：1
33、What a beautiful place!2 What an exciting field trip!3 What interesting stories.4. What dangerous animals!5. What a sweet mooncake!How beautiful the place is!How exciting the field trip is!How interesting the stories are!How dangerous the animals are!How sweet the mooncake is!6. How thirsty the boys
34、 are!7. How expensive the computer is!8. How high the kites are!9. How careful the worker is!10. How specific the suggestions are!What thirsty boys (they are)!What an expensive computer (it is)! What high kites (they are)!What a careful worker (he is)!What specific suggestions (they are)!1 那个盒子真大！那个
35、盒子真大！2 多刺激的一场比赛！3 多蓝的天空！4 多么旧的外套！5 多么可爱的婴儿！6 多么干净的一间教室！What a big box.How big the box is!What an exciting match!How exciting the match/ game is!What blue sky!How blue the sky is!What an old coat!How old the coat is!What lovely babies!How lovely the babies are!What a clean classroom!How clean the cla
36、ssroom is!八年级下重点语言点八年级下重点语言点1.He sometimes spends 10 minutes _ (run)2. Do you mind _ ( close) the window?3.He is supposed _ (hand) in his homework on time.4. He is _ (surprise) at the news.5. Mary is good at _ (drive) cars.6. He stopped the girl from _ (fall) off thbike.runningclosingto handsurprise
37、d drivingfalling介词填空：介词填空：1 “I have studied English _ two years.”2 “When did you get here?” “ I got here _ ten am.”3. I will come back _ two days.4. “How long havent we met each other?” “_ ten years ago.”5. Please tell me the way _ the hospital.6. Can you say it _ different ways?7. Do you know the g
38、irl _ glasses?for atinSince toinwithtoo muchmuch too1.The room is _ dirty and wed better clean it at once.A.Too much B. much too C. much D.many2. There are _ people in the shop.A. Much B. much too C. too much D. too many+不可数名词(money)+形容词或副词(rich)BDpay for, cost, take, spend1.How much did you _ the b
39、ike?A.Pay over B. pay off C. pay on D. pay for2. How much did your skirt _ you?A.Spend B. make C. cost D. need3. Does it _ two hours for you _ finish your task?A. spendon B. taketoC. payfor D. takesto4. She will _ one day visiting Beijing.DCBspendRoom- 房间？ 空间？1. How many _ are there in the house?A.
40、room B. rooms C. roomes D. Room2. Well try to _ for you.A. make room B. make a room3. The big table takes up _.A. much too room B. much too roomC. too many rooms D. too much room4. Can you leave _ for me to store my books?A. a few rooms B few roomsC. a little room D. little room BADC1 My money _. I
41、dont know what to do.A. have run out B. have run out ofC. has run out D. has run out of2. I _ water. Could you give me some? A. run out of B. run outC. ran out of D. ran outrun out , run out ofCCHave- with?1. I _ a big house _ a beautiful garden.A. have, has B. have, withC. with, have D. with, with2
42、. It changes _ the seasons.A. in B. on C. with D. of3. Mr Li often comes into the classroom, _ a book in his hand.A with B in C has D. on4. _ your help we couldnt finish it on time.A Under B. Dont have C. Without D WithBCACThe morethe morePut into good Chinese/ English:1. In fact, the busier he is,
43、the happier he feels.2. The more they talked, the more excited they became.3. The older I get, the healthier I am.4. The more dangerous it is, the more I like it.事实上，他越忙，他就觉得越开心。他们越谈越激动。我越老身体就越好。越危险我就越喜欢。5. The sooner you start, the more quickly youll finish the work.6. The more people you know, the
44、 less time you have to see them.7. _ _ I am, _ _ I am.我越忙就越高兴。你开始得越早，完成工作就越快。你认识的人越多，你见他们的时间就越少。The busierthe happierThe morethe smarter he is.4.There is going to _ a match next Friday.A. have B. be C. is D. has5. -How soon will he come back?-_ five days.A. After B. In C. Since D. For 6. I want to K
45、now if Kelly _ tomorrow. If he _, let me know.A. come , comes B. will come, comesC. comes , will come D. will come , will come7. He _ likes bananas.A. also B. too C. either D. neitherBBBA7. May I have _tea ? I am thirsty.A. a few B. a little C. few D. a few8. Well try to buy _ things with _ money.A.
46、 more, fewer B. less, more C. fewer, fewer D. more , less 9. The _ he does, the _ lives will be saved by him.A. better , more B. more , betterC.less, better D. better, lessBBD10. The problem is _ difficult for him _ work out.A. too to B. so that C. not enough to D. such that 11. Would you please _ t
47、he TV? Its too loud.A, turn up B. turn down C. Turn on D. turn off12.The information is _ and Im _ in it .A.interesting, interesting B. interested, interested,ABD13.Have you _ any wine ?Yes, I _ a little just now.A. drunk, drank B. drank , drankC. drunk, drunk D. drink , drank14.I have _ the diction
48、ary since two years ago.A. buy B. bought C. had D. buying15. I _ Beijing three times.A. have been to B. have gone to C. went to D. has gone toACA16. A nice day, _?A. is it B. is that C. isnt it D. isnt that17.Hes never been to Beijing, _?A. has he B. hasnt he C,isnt he D. is he18.He got on _ with hi
49、s classmates.A. badly B. bad C. good D. nice19. I dont have _.A. a enough money B. enough moneyB. person enough D. enough personal20 . Do you think about _ ?A. swimming B, go swimming C. swimCAABA9 _ _ _ _, _ _ _ _ _. 我们越学，就越爱学。10. _ _ _ _ _, _ _ _ _ _ _ _. 我们种树越多， 我们的城市就越美丽。11. _ _ _ _ _, _ _ _ The
50、 more we learn, the more we love learning.The more trees we plant, the more beautiful our city will be.The better we learn English, the more interesting we feel it.9 _ _ _ _, _ _ _ _ _. 我们越学，就越爱学。10. _ _ _ _ _, _ _ _ _ _ _ _. 我们种树越多， 我们的城市就越美丽。11. _ _ _ _ _, _ _ _ The more we learn, the more we love
