1、1 新概念英语 第四册课件 我的精神：木棉花，在秋日里放飞自己，只为人间温暖 2 Contents First listen and then answer the following question. What would you say is the main characteristic of porpoises? There has long been a superstition among mariners that porpoises will save drowning men by pushing them to the surface, or protect them f
2、rom sharks by surrounding them in defensive formation. 1.shark n. 鲨鱼 / he is a shark 他是个大骗子 2.There has long beenlong 表完成时 = for a long time, for long, 一般在助动词后 3.superstition : 迷信 同位语从句 mariners that . 4.formation : 阵形 5.defensive : 防御型的 offensive : 进攻型的 Lesson 18 Porpoises 3 Contents Marine Studio
3、biologists have pointed out that, however intelligent they may be, it is probably a mistake to credit dolphins with any motive of lifesaving. 海洋摄影室的生物学家指出，无论海豚多么聪明，认为它们有救人的动机可能是错误的。 1.Marine Studio 海洋摄影室 marine 海洋 2.submarine 潜水艇 mariner/sailor/seaman 水手 3.marine product 海产品 fresh marine product 海鲜
4、4.however = no matter how 5.intelligent : 聪明 6. credit : 给颁发奖赏 credit with Lesson 18 Porpoises 4 Contents On the occasions when they have pushed to shore an unconscious human being they have much more likely done it out of curiosity or for sport, as in riding the bow waves of a ship. 当它们偶尔把一个失去知觉的人推
5、到岸边时，更大的可能是出于好奇或游戏，就像它们追逐被船首犁开的浪花一样。 1. unconscious a. 不省人事 conscientious 有良知的,narcoses 昏迷的 insensible 没感知的 2. on the occasions (场合),接后置定语时只能用 when, 不能用 where 3. out of curiosity:出于好奇 确良out of instinct 出于本能 out of conscience 出于良心 4. bow waves of a ship 船头滑过的波浪 ，乘风破浪前进 Lesson 18 Porpoises 5 Contents
6、In 1928 some porpoises were photographer working like beavers to push ashore a waterlogged mattress. 1928年，有人拍摄到了海豚像海狸一样把浸透水的床垫推上岸的情景。 1. beaver n. 海狸 2. ashore ad. 上岸/只要具有 a+动词/形容词，都是表语词 asleep, awake, acrawl, afloat, adrift都具有表语特点 ，只能说 he is 不能用定语结构，不能说 asleep man. 3. waterlogged : 浸透的 4. mattress
7、 木排，柴排 Lesson 18 Porpoises 6 Contents If, as has been reported, they have protected humans from sharks, it may have been because curiosity attracted them and because the scent of a possible meal attracted the sharks. 正如报道中所说，如果海豚保护人不受鲨鱼侵害，那么它们可能是出于好奇；而鲨鱼可能是闻到了可以美食一顿的香味。 scent n. 香味 scent 身体发出味道 frag
8、rance-flower, tree, grass,香山 fragrant hills. aroma 强烈的味道 perfume : 香水（aroma） Lesson 18 Porpoises 7 Contents It is possible that upon such an occasion a battle ensued, with the sharks being driven away or killed. 双方可能随之发生搏斗，搏斗结果是海豚赶走或咬死鲨鱼。 ensue vt. 接着发生 ensue year: 来年（following year） preceding year
9、: 前一年 Lesson 18 Porpoises 8 Contents Whether it be bird, fish or beast, the porpoise is intrigued with anything that is alive. 海豚对凡是活的东西都感兴趣，不管是鸟、是鱼，还是野兽。 1. intrigue vt. 引起兴趣 /arrest, capture, seize, grab，attention 2. The event is intriguing (interesting) 3. Whether it be = Whether it (may/might) b
10、e 表让步 ，无论是 Lesson 18 Porpoises 9 Contents They are constantly after the turtles, who peacefully submit to all sorts of indignities. 它们经常追逐海龟，海龟则温顺地忍受着各种侮辱。 1. turtle n. 海龟 turtle-neck : 高领毛衣 2. indignity n.侮辱 dignity 尊严 / It is beneath his dignity for a gentleman to lie. stand on ones dignity 保持尊严/H
11、e stood on his dignity by rejecting the money he has given him. It is an indignity to say sorry in public. lose face , humiliation , insult 侮辱 3. constantly 不停地 be after 追逐 Lesson 18 Porpoises 10 Contents One young calf especially enjoyed raising a turtle to the surface with his snout and then shovi
12、ng him across the tank like an aquaplane. 一只小海豚特别喜欢用鼻子把海龟推到水面，然后像滑水板一样把海龟从水池的这一边推到那一边。 1. shove vt. 硬推 There was much shoving on getting on the bus. / He shoved me to the ground. 2. aquaplane n. 驾浪滑水板 aqua 水+plane 木板 Lesson 18 Porpoises 11 Contents Almost any day a young porpoise may be seen trying
13、to turn a 300-pound sea turtle over by sticking his snout under the edge of his shell and pushing up for dear life. 几乎每天都可以看到一只小海豚把鼻子顶入一只300磅重的海龟的硬壳下面，拼命地把它翻过来。 1. stick vt. 把-插入 I got the wrong end of the stick.我听不懂。I stick at home. / I stick to my word. 我说话算数。Im stuck on the movie.这部影片让我着迷。 stick
14、on: 迷恋 /The bad habit sticks to me . 这个坏习惯我就是改不了。 2. shell n. 动物身上的甲 bone and shell script 甲骨文 for dear life 拼命地 dear 宝贵的 chase sb. for dear life Lesson 18 Porpoises 12 Contents In another game, as the turtle swims across the oceanarium, the first porpoise swoops down from above and butts his shell
15、with his belly. 在另一场游戏中，当海龟游过水族馆时，第一只海豚从上方猛扑下去，用腹部撞击龟壳。 1. oceanarium n. 水族馆 ocean + arium / rium:地点 stadium 工体 gymnasium :体育馆 2. swoop vi 猛扑 pounce 狮子老虎扑 海洋动物用 swoop 3. butt vt. 碰撞 I butt him in the stomach. / Can I butting (interrupt)? 4. belly n. 腹部 beer belly, belly laugh abdomen 医学用语, paunch 大腹
16、便便 Lesson 18 Porpoises 13 Contents He no sooner recovers his equilibrium than the next porpoise comes along and hits him another crack. 海龟刚恢复平衡，第二只海豚又冲过来猛击一下。 1. crack n. 重击 crack case 破案 / crack bottle 开瓶 / crack smile: 绽放笑容 crack book : 读书 / crack English : speak quickly , clearly, loudly 2. no so
17、oner than : as soon as , scarcely / hardly when 当就 He is now satisfied merely to try to stand up, but as soon as he does so a porpoise knocks him flat. 此时的海龟，只要能站起来就满足了，但它刚站起来，就被一只海豚击倒。 Lesson 18 Porpoises 14 Contents It is fairly clear that sleeping period must have some function, and because there
18、 is so much of it the function would seem to be important. 很清楚，睡眠必然具有某种作用。睡眠占去那么多时间，所以其作用似乎还是很重要。 Speculations about is nature have been going on for literally thousands of years, and one odd finding that makes the problem puzzling is that it looks very much as if sleeping is not simply a matter of
19、giving the body a rest. 人们对睡眠作用的种种猜测，确实有数千年之久。一项使人对这个问题感到困惑的奇怪的发现是，睡眠在很大程度似乎并不仅仅是为了使身体得到休息。 Lesson 19 The stuff of dreams 15 ? speculation n. 推测 speculate , predict; speculation: without a complete knowledge ? predict: based on solid foundation. ? speculate about/on sth. in stocks/ speculator I can
20、predict in the near future there will be new type of mobile phone that is visible mobile phone. ? literally ad. 确实 literal / literature / literate / illiterate / illiteracy literal translation 直译法 free translation word to word 逐字翻译法 The children are literally hungry. 孩子们真的饿了。 ? odd a. 奇特的 eccentrici
21、ty / eccentric, oddity / eccentricity , odd month 大月 leap month 闰月 /even month 小 ? bizarre/ weird / outlandish 怪 ? dream telling / dream teller / fortune teller / palm reader 16 Contents Rest, in terms of muscle relaxation and so on, can be achieved by a brief period lying, or even sitting down. “ 休
22、息”，从使肌肉得到放松等方面来看，只要稍微躺一躺，甚至坐一坐就能达到。 1. in terms of 就而言 In terms of our family, we would like to go on an outing . 2. As for with regard to,/regarding in respect of / as for 3. overthrow our former hypothesis 推翻了我们以前的论点 4. a brief period doing稍微 Lesson 19 The stuff of dreams 17 Contents The bodys tis
23、sues are self-repairing and self-restoring to a degree, and function best when more or less continuously active. 人体组织在一定程度上有自我修补和自我恢复的能力，有张有弛地连续活动时，其功能最佳。 1. tissue n. 组织 （纤维，神经，肌肉组织）face tissue 面巾纸 2. to a degree : to some extent / in a sense 3. when more or less continuously active. 省略了主语 tissues
24、和谓语 are. 如果出现 when / if / though 句型做状语从句，而主句的主，谓语与从句主，谓语相同， 则从句的主，谓语可以省略。I got to the school though (I was) late. Lesson 19 The stuff of dreams 18 Contents In fact a basic amount of movement occurs during sleep which is specifically concerned with preventing muscle inactivity. 事实上，睡眠状态下仍有着基本的活动量，以防止
25、肌肉活动停止。 1. be concerned with : be about 2. be concerned about If it is not a question of resting the body, then perhaps it is the brain that needs resting? 如果睡眠的功能不是在于使身体得到休息，那么也许是让大脑得以休息？ Lesson 19 The stuff of dreams 19 This might be a plausible hypothesis were it not for two factors. 若不是下面两点，这种假使
26、似乎是有道理的。 ? plausible n. 似乎有理的；区别 reasonable . What you said is reasonable. I will accept it. What you said is plausible, but it is not very practical nowadays. convincing / persuasive ? hypothesis n. 假说 thesis / theory , hypo/ hypotension 低血压 ，hypocritical， hypocrite 伪君子 hypertension 高血压 ，hypercriti
27、cal/picky/finicky 太挑剔 hypersensitive 过敏 I am hypersensitive to beef / alcohol. ? might be 表示虚拟语气 were it not = if it were not ? but for 若不是 If it were not for his timely help, I would not survive. But for his timely help, I would not survive. 20 Contents First the electroencephalograph (which is sim
28、ply a device for recording the electrical activity of the brain by attaching electrodes to the scalp) shows that while there is a change in the pattern of activity during sleep, there is no evidence that the total amount of activity is any less. 第一点，脑电图记录仪（不过是一种把电极接到头皮上记录脑电活动的仪器）显示，人在睡眠时大脑活动的方式有变化，但
29、没有迹象表明，其活动总量有任何减少。 1. electroencephalograph n. 脑电图仪 electrode n. 电极 lightning rod 避雷针 2. scalp n. 头皮 skull 头颅 ， have the scalp of sb. 取胜某人 3. lie flat / lie on ones side / lie on stomach Lesson 19 The stuff of dreams 21 Contents Some years ago an American psychiatrist named William Dement published
30、experiments dealing with the recording of eye-movements during sleep. 前些年，美国一位精神病学者发表了一篇报告，报告中记录了眼球在睡眠时的活动情况。 1. psychiatrist n. 精神病学家 psychology 2. dealing with : be concerned with Lesson 19 The stuff of dreams 22 Contents He showed that the average individuals sleep cycle is punctuated with peculi
31、ar bursts of eye-movements, some drifting and slow, others jerky and rapid. 他指出，平常人的睡眠周期中不时伴有一阵阵奇怪的眼球队活动，这些活动有的飘忽而缓慢，有的急剧而快速。 1.punctuate vt. 不时介入 punctuate the passage 给段落加注标点 ，punctuation 标点符号 He punctuates in our talk. punctual / on the dot / in good time / puncture/ acupuncture 2. butt in 插句话 3.
32、 jerky a. 急动的 jerk 烦/bore / trial / nuisance Lesson 19 The stuff of dreams 23 Contents If one group of people were disturbed from their eye-movement sleep for several nights on end, and another group were disturbed for an equal period of time but when they were no exhibiting eye-movements, the first
33、 group began to show some personality disorders while the others seemed more or less unaffected. 如果有两组人，一组人连续几夜在眼球活动时被叫醒；另一组人也是连续几夜被叫醒，但是在眼球没活动时被叫醒的。结果，第一组人开始出现性格失常，而第二组人似乎没受什么影响。 1. on end 连续不断地 I have been learning English for a month on end. It has been raining for three days on end. 2. exhibitin
34、g : showing Lesson 19 The stuff of dreams 24 Contents The implications of all this were that it was not the disturbance of sleep that mattered, but the disturbance of dreaming. 这一切暗示我们：睡眠受到干忧没关系，而做梦受到干忧是有问题的。 1. implication n. 表明 imply , What does the second speaker imply ? You said it. / You can sa
35、y it again. 2. explicate(反） Lesson 19 The stuff of dreams 25 Contents How it came about that snakes manufactured poison is a mystery. Over the periods their saliva, a mild, digestive juice like our own, was converted into a poison that defies analysis even today. 蛇是怎样产生毒液的，这是一个谜。蛇的唾液本来和我们人的消化液一样柔和，但
36、经过漫长的时间，演变成了今天仍无法分析清楚的毒液。 1.saliva n. 唾液 2.digestive adj. 助消化的 3. defy v. 使不可能 4. analysis n. 分析 Lesson 20 Snake poison 26 Contents It was not forced upon them by the survival competition; they could have caught and lived on prey without using poison, just as the thousands of non-poisonous snakes st
37、ill do. Poison to a snake is merely a luxury;it enables it to get its food with very little effort, no more effort than one bite. 毒液不是生存竞争强加给它们的，它们也可以不用毒液捕捉动物而生存，就像今天成千上万的无毒蛇那样。毒液对毒蛇来说只不过是一种舒适生存的优越手段，它使蛇不用费多大力气就能捕获到食物，轻咬一口即可。 Lesson 20 Snake poison 27 Contents And why only snakes? Cats, for instance
38、, would be greatly helped; no running fights with large, fierce rats or tussles with grown rabbits - just a bite and no more effort needed. In fact, it would be an assistance to all carnivores though it would be a two-edged weapon when they fought each other. 为什么只有蛇才有毒液呢？譬如说，如果猫有毒液，那对猫会大有帮助，它就不必再和又大
39、又凶的老鼠边跑边博斗了，也不必再和大兔子扭斗了，只要咬一口，就不必再费大力气。因此，任何食肉动物有了毒液，都能从中获益。不过，当它们相互撕打时，毒液就成了利弊参半的武，可以杀死对方，也可以被对方的毒液杀死。 fierce adj. 凶猛的 tussle n. 扭打 Lesson 20 Snake poison 28 Contents But, of the vertebrates, unpredictable Nature selected only snakes (and one lizard). One wonders also why Nature, with some snakes c
40、oncocted poison of such extreme potency. In the conversion of saliva into poison, one might suppose that a fixed process took place. 然而，在脊椎动物中，大自然神秘模测地只选择了蛇（还有一种蜥蜴），人们弄不清楚大自然为什么在某些蛇的身上调制出如此高效的毒液来。人们可能认为，唾液转变成毒液，其中有固定的程序。 concoct v. 调制 conversion n. 转变 potency n. 效力 Lesson 20 Snake poison 29 Contents
41、 It did not; some snakes manufacture a poison different in every respect from that of others, as different as arsenic is from strychnine, and having different effects. One poison acts on the nerves, the other on the blood. 其实没有。有些蛇产生的毒液也在各方面与另外一些毒蛇产生的毒液不同，就像砒霜不同于马钱子碱一样。不同毒蛇产生的毒液产生的效果不同.一种毒液作用于神经，另一种
42、毒液作用于血液。 arsenic n. 砒霜 strychninen. 马钱子碱 Lesson 20 Snake poison 30 Contents The makers of the nerve poison include the mambas and the cobras and their venom is called neurotoxic. Vipers (adders) and rattlesnakes manufacture the blood poison, which is known as haemolytic. 产生神经毒液的蛇有一种非洲树眼镜蛇和眼镜蛇，它们的毒液称
43、为神经毒素。蝰蛇（蝮蛇）和响尾蛇产生血液毒素，称为溶血性毒液。 mamba n. 树眼镜蛇 viper n. 蝰蛇 cobra n. 眼镜蛇 adder n. 蝮蛇 rattlesnake n. 响尾蛇 venom n. 毒液 haemolytic adj. 溶血性的 neurotoxic adj. 毒害神经的 Lesson 20 Snake poison 31 Contents Both poisons are unpleasant, but by far the more unpleasant is the blood poison. It is said that the nerve p
44、oison is the more primitive of the two, that the blood poison is, so to speak, a newer product from an improved formula. Be that as it may, the nerve poison does its business with man far more quickly than the blood poison. 这两种毒液都很可怕，但溶血性毒液尤其厉害。据说，神经毒液在两种毒液中是较为原始的一种，而溶血性毒液，打个比方说，是根据改良配方生产的一种较新的产品。不过
45、，神经毒辣液比溶血性毒液在人身上起作用快得多。 Lesson 20 Snake poison 32 Contents This, however, means nothing. Snakes did not acquire their poison for use against man but for use against prey such as rats and mice, and the effects on these of viperine poison is almost immediate. 但是，这没有什么关系，因为蛇有毒液不是用来对付人的，而是对付它的猎物，诸如鼠类，毒液对这些猎物会立刻起作用。 viperine adj. 毒蛇 Lesson 20 Snake poison
