1、表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果.现在完成时这一时态强调是过去动作与现在的联系,也就是强调现在的影响和结果.have/has + done (过去分词)精品资料 你怎么称呼老师？ 如果老师最后没有总结一节课的重点的难点，你是否会认为老师的教学方法需要改进？ 你所经历的课堂，是讲座式还是讨论式？ 教师的教鞭 “不怕太阳晒，也不怕那风雨狂，只怕先生骂我笨，没有学问无颜见爹娘 ” “太阳当空照，花儿对我笑，小鸟说早早早”v现在完成时用来表示已发生或完成的动作或现在完成时用来表示已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果和现在有联系，动作或状态发状态，其结果和现在有联系，动作或状态发生在过去但
2、它的影响现在还存在。例如：生在过去但它的影响现在还存在。例如：v eg: I have lost my wedding ring. 我丢了我丢了我的结我的结婚婚戒指（这一动作虽然发生在过去，戒指（这一动作虽然发生在过去，但影响持续到现在，其结果是我现在没有结但影响持续到现在，其结果是我现在没有结婚戒指了）婚戒指了）v I have sent him a Christmas card.v He has just bought a new house.v现在完成时和一般过去式的区别：现在完成时和一般过去式的区别：v1） 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已
3、不复存在。表示纯粹的过去，与过去，现已不复存在。表示纯粹的过去，与现在没有联系。而现在完成时强调过去的动现在没有联系。而现在完成时强调过去的动作与现在的关系。对现在产生的结果，影响作与现在的关系。对现在产生的结果，影响等。等。v I have lost my bag. (现在还没找到现在还没找到)v I lost my bag. (丢了钱包，现在是否找到，丢了钱包，现在是否找到，不知道不知道)v Mrs. Smith lived in Beijing for seven years. (史密斯太太已不再住在北京史密斯太太已不再住在北京)v Mrs. Smith has lived in Bei
4、jing for seven years. (史密斯太太还住在北京史密斯太太还住在北京)v1.都表示过去发生的事都表示过去发生的事v2.现在完成时强调过去和现在的联系，不能和具现在完成时强调过去和现在的联系，不能和具体的时间状语连用；体的时间状语连用；v3.一般过去时强调过去发生的事或状态与表示过一般过去时强调过去发生的事或状态与表示过去的具体时间连用（去的具体时间连用（last, ago, yesterday, etc. ）presentpastv2）现在完成时与现在有联系，过去时表示的过去）现在完成时与现在有联系，过去时表示的过去时间的经历，与现在没有联系。时间的经历，与现在没有联系。v
5、所以如果动作发生在特定的过去时间，如所以如果动作发生在特定的过去时间，如last night, yesterday, three days ago, just now, in 1998等则不能用现在完成时，必须用一般过去时。等则不能用现在完成时，必须用一般过去时。试比较：试比较：v The film has been on ten minutes ago. () v The film began ten minutes ago. ()v The film has been on for ten minutes. ()v3) 询问某事过去发生的具体时间，具体地点时必须询问某事过去发生的具体时间，
6、具体地点时必须用一般过去时，用一般过去时，v When did you lose your luggage?v Where did they leave for? eg.1. He had his breakfast at 6:00 He has had his breakfast. 2. When did you come here? I watched the football match on TV at 9:00. v1. I _(have) lunch alreadyv2. Has the train_ (arrive), yet?v3.Tome _ never_ (be to )
7、China.v4. The twin _just _(see) my father.v5. The twins _(see) my father just now.v6. Many tall buildings _(build) in the past 5 years.have hadarrivedhasbeen tohasseensawhave been builtv现在完成时与一般现在时的区别：现在完成时与一般现在时的区别：v1. 一般现在时和现在完成时都可以与一般现在时和现在完成时都可以与often, always, seldom, never等副词连用，但意义不同。现在完等副词连用，但
8、意义不同。现在完成时强调一段特定时间里反复发生的情况，而一般成时强调一段特定时间里反复发生的情况，而一般现在时强调一般情况，说明主语的特征。试比较：现在时强调一般情况，说明主语的特征。试比较：v eg: He has always helped us （到目前为止）（到目前为止）v He always helps us. (一贯如此一贯如此)v I have seldom watched cartoons these days.(这几天的情况这几天的情况)v I seldom watch cartoons. （一贯如此）（一贯如此） already ever yet never just th
9、ese days recently in the past ten years lately in the last two years for +段时间段时间(for a long time, for two months since+点时间点时间(since two years ago, since this morning) I have come back just now. I came back just now. When have you seen him? When did you see him? When不与现在完成时连用。它只有过去时不与现在完成时连用。它只有过去时或将
10、来时，因为它表示确切的时间或将来时，因为它表示确切的时间。v用法二用法二： for+段时间段时间 since+点时间点时间 since+句子（过去时）句子（过去时）E.g. Kate has lived here for 3 years. Kate has lived here since 3 years ago. Kate has lived here since she came to China.表示过去某个时间开始的动作表示过去某个时间开始的动作或存在的状态，一直持续到现或存在的状态，一直持续到现在并可能还将持续下去。动词在并可能还将持续下去。动词使用延续性动词。常与使用延续性动词。常
11、与forfor或或sincesince引导的时间连用引导的时间连用 My father hasnt smoked for two months, He is trying to give it up. 我父亲已经有两个月没有抽烟了。他现在在努力戒烟。我父亲已经有两个月没有抽烟了。他现在在努力戒烟。 They have stayed in this hotel since last Tuesday. We have learned English for about three years.vhave/has gone to:已经去了或在途中，还没有返回； eg: 1) Where has Jo
12、hn gone? I cant find him anywhere. (John不在说话地方不在说话地方) 2) Mary has gone to Hong Kong (Mary不在说话地方，可能在香港，可能在不在说话地方，可能在香港，可能在路上路上) have/has been to:曾今去过某地，现在已经回来了,后面可接表示“次数”的状语; John, Where have you been? (现在现在John已经回来，在说话的地方已经回来，在说话的地方)vWhere have you been to Beijing? (你在你在说话地方说话地方) have/has been in:表示
13、某人“已在某地停留一段时间，现仍在那里”，其后常带表示一段时间的状语。 I have been in Britain for then years.vTom 在哪儿？ 他去书店买书了。v我在北京待了5年了。vJack 去过上海两次了-Where is Tom?-He has gone to the bookshop to buy some books.I have been in Beijing for 5 years.Jack has been to Shanghai twice.现在完成时态现在完成时态v1. I have borrowed the book for 3 months.v2
14、. My bother has joined the army since he was 18.v3. Jack and Tom have lived here since 5years.v4. The film has been on since I have come to the cinema.v5. When has Mr. Li caught a bad cold? have kepthas been in/ been a member of the armysince 5 years ago/ for 5 yearscame didcatchv6. Ten years have p
15、assed since they got married.v7. Jim has gone to Beijing for 2 years.v8.What time have the factory opened?v9.I have gone to Chunhua Middle School twicehashas been indidopenbeen tovHave you gone to America? (误)vHave you been to America? (正)v1. _ you _ to Japan before?v2. His father isnt at home. He _
16、 the supermarket now.v3. Where is your class teacher? She _ the library.v4. Linda and her parents _ to France twice.eg. 他死了两年了：He died two years ago.He has been dead for two years /since two years ago It is/ has been two years since he died.Two years has passed since he died瞬间动词与现在完成时瞬间动词与现在完成时 瞬间动词
17、不能用于持续性用法（表示一个从过去开瞬间动词不能用于持续性用法（表示一个从过去开始持续到现在的用法）必须将瞬间动词转换成持续性始持续到现在的用法）必须将瞬间动词转换成持续性动词。动词。 她父母已经死了十年了。她父母已经死了十年了。 Her parents have died for ten years. () Her parents have been dead for ten years. () I have bought a new apartment for a month 错误错误 I have had a new apartment for a month 正确正确varrive/c
18、ome/go to/reach vborrowvleave vbuy vjoin vstart/begin vfinish/ endvdiebe inhavekeepbe away be in/a member ofbe onbe over be deadvHis father has died. (for 2 years)vThe football match has begun.(since9:00a.m)vThe twins have joined the army. (since they are 18years old)vMy teacher has just left Nanjin
19、g. (for 3 days)His father has been dead for 2 years.The football match has been on since 9:00 a.m.The twins have been soldiers/ been in the army since they are 18years old. My teacher has been away from Nanjing for 3 daysv1. 这本书我借了一个月了。I borrowed this book a month ago.It is/ has been a month since I
20、 borrowed the book.I have kept the book for a month. /since a month ago.A month has passed since I borrowed the book.varrive/come/go to die vbecome a borrowvLeave/ move vbuy openvjoin vstart/begin finish/ endvcatch a cold get up vget to know get out vclose wake upvgo to sleepvbecome interested in be
21、 in be deadhavekeepbe away / be out be abe in/a member ofbe openbe onbe overhave a coldbe upknowbe outbe closedbe awakebe asleep/ sleepbe interested invI am an American boy I came to China two years ago. I _(study) here for two years. My father often (take) me_ (play) football on the playground. Las
22、t week I _ (take) to the park by him. We saw a lot of monkeys (jump) in the tree. I heard a voice from behind When I (walk ) along the river. I thought myself. “It must_ (be) Mr. Brown. He _(take) photos.” We_ (enjoy) that day. We _ (go) back to America next week.have studied takesto playWas taken w
23、akedjumpbeis takingenjoyedwill go构成：助动词构成：助动词have/has+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词 (I have/You have/She has/He has/It has/Our have/They have/Our teacher has/Our school has/ Mike has/ Mary has) （规则动词变化同过去式（规则动词变化同过去式/不规则变化见表）不规则变化见表）规则：规则：(1) 在词尾加在词尾加-ed (2) e结尾在词尾加结尾在词尾加d (3) 辅音辅音+y,去去y改成改成i加加ed (4) 元音字母元音字母+y在词尾
24、加在词尾加ed (5) 重读闭音节且词尾为单个辅音字母，将词重读闭音节且词尾为单个辅音字母，将词尾辅音字母双写加尾辅音字母双写加ed (6) 重读重读r音节，双写音节，双写r加加ed不规则：不规则： ABC型型(原形，过去式，过去分词均不同型原形，过去式，过去分词均不同型) eg: do-did-done; swim-swam-swum; fly-flew-flown; drink-drank-drunkABB型（过去式，过去分词同型）型（过去式，过去分词同型） eg: build-built-built; think-thought-thought; buy-bought-boughtABA型（过去分词与动词原形同型）型（过去分词与动词原形同型） eg: run-ran-run; come-came-come; become-became-become; ABA型（过去式，过去分词，动词原型同型）型（过去式，过去分词，动词原型同型） eg: hit-hit-hit; sit-sit-sit; let-let-let; shut-shut-shut; cut-cut-cut; cost-cost-cost
