1、第1页共 3 页三 峡 大 学2018年硕士研究生入学考试试题(B卷)科目代码： 891 科目名称： 翻译与写作 考试时间为3小时，卷面总分为 150 分答案必须写在答题纸上 I. Please translate the following passages into Chinese. (40 points) Confucius (or Kongfuzi“Master Kong” in Pinyin Chinese) developed a philosophy that powerfully shaped Chinese society and culture. It offered ru
2、les and standards of conduct for governments, families and individuals at a time when feudal Chinese society was chaotic, unstable, crime-ridden and torn by war between states. Confucius system valued honesty, integrity, hard work, modesty and individual responsibility for setting an example. He bas
3、ed his philosophy on respect for authority figuresemperors, ancestors, teachers and parents. Individuals are expected to obey authority figures, but authority figures are expected to justify their status by adhering to high standards of conduct. In his career, Confucius advanced through a series of
4、official jobs and occasionally worked as a diplomat and advisor for princes. He proposed that government jobs be filled on the basis of merit, not wealth, social position or family connections. China established a system of civil service examinations (called “the Ladder to the Clouds”) that, in a hi
5、ghly stratified society, opened up a rare path to societys upper reaches for talented young people. Starting in his teenage years, a Chinese student would read Confucian classics in history, poetry and philosophy in preparation for the formal examinations that could start him on the road to a brilli
6、ant career as a public servant. Confucian teachings linked the exercise of power to a reverence for learning. As an old Chinese 第 2 页proverb puts it, “All walks of life are lowly; only the scholar stands high.” Confucius left his government positions and spent years in forced exile, teaching and wan
7、dering. His later influence was not obvious at the time of his death in 479 BC, but his teachings gained adherents. His beliefs were carried by Chinese immigrants and merchants to other Asian countries and eventually to the US. The belief system that put emperors and ancestors on a high pedestal in
8、traditional China also gives authority to Chinese and other Asian parents in Los Angeles (L. A.) suburbs to tell their children to study hard for school instead of pursuing the distractions of teen society. On Yale Street in L. A.s Chinatown, the building that houses after-school Chinese language an
9、d culture programs is named the Confucius School. Confucius may be long gone, but you dont have to look far to see the power of his ideas. II. Please translate the following Chinese passages into English. (40 points) 野草节选 这，也许是特殊了一点，常人不容易理解，那么，你看见笋的成长吗？ 你看见过被压在瓦砾和石块下面的一颗小草的生成吗？ 它为着向往阳光，为着达成它的生之意志，不管
10、上面的石块如何重，石块与石块之间如何狭，它必定要曲曲折折地，但是顽强不屈地透到地面上来，它的根往土壤钻，它的芽往地面挺，这是一种不可抗的力，阻止它的石块，结果也被它掀翻，一粒种子的力量的大，如此如此。 没有一个人将小草叫做“大力士”，但是它的力量之大，的确是世界无比。这种力，是一般人看不见的生命力，只要生命存在，这种力就要显现，上面的石块，丝毫不足以阻挡，因为它是一种“长期抗战”的力，有弹性，能屈能伸的力，有韧性，不达目的不止的力。 种子不落在肥土而落在瓦砾中，有生命力的种子决不会悲观和叹气，因为有了阻力才有磨炼。生命开始的一瞬间就带了斗争来的草，才是坚韧的草，也只有这种草，才可以傲然地对那些
11、玻璃棚中养育着的盆花哄笑。第 3 页III. Composition. (70 points)Read carefully the following excerpt, and then write your response in no less than 600 words, in which you should: summarize the main message of the excerpt by using your own words, and then comment on whether parents should push children to take up ext
12、racurricular classes. You can support your thesis statement with information from the excerpt. An appropriate title for your essay is needed.Marks will be awarded for content relevance (15 points), content sufficiency (15 points), organization (15 points), language quality (15 points) and language a
13、ppropriateness (10 points). Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.Should parents push children to take up extracurricular classes?Chinese parents are known for placing really high expectations on their children. They are often willing to pay a lot of money for differ
14、ent extracurricular classes for their kids academic excellence. A grade 5 pupil in Hangzhou is reportedly to take 10 extracurricular training classes each week (China Daily, Oct.30, 2017). RealMadrid1 (Germany) says, “Encourage them to have interests outside of school, but never force them - they wi
15、ll only resent you later, and not enjoy the activity that you pushed them into.”Robert237 (US) says, “If they want to take the classes its a great idea. If they dont want to or arent interested why bother? As the old saying goes: you can lead a horse to water but you cant make him drink.”While, What
16、Now (Australia) holds the opposite opinion, “Most children dont know what is good for them so they have to be encouraged to take an interest to develop skills later in life to be a good member of society. Children have to be forced to do what they dont like. If my daughter hated study, if she did no
17、t study, I would punish her. She is first year medical student and she understands hard work gives results.”Callmecary (China) also believes that kids almost dont know what they can do or what is their interest, the parents must force them to learn something. “But the parents must follow up their kids learning status and summarize the feedback to ensure the kids can find their advantage and interest years later,” she says.
