1、第1页共 4 页三 峡 大 学2015年研究生入学考试试题(B卷)科目代码： 894 科目名称： 外国语言学及应用语言学 考试时间为3小时，卷面总分为150分答案必须写在答题纸上并标上题号I True or False statements：There are 10 statements. Please make decisions whether they are true or false (T for true and F for false) (20 points). 1. Syntax examines how meaning is encoded in a language. It
2、 is not only concerned with meanings of words as lexical items, but also with levels of language below the word and above it, e.g., meanings of morphemes and sentences. ( )2. Grammatical words are known as function words while lexical words are known as content words.( )3. Linguistically, sentence a
3、nd utterance are the same. ( )4. Socialinguistics studies psychological aspects of language. It usually studies the psychological states and mental activity associated with the use of language.( )5. Grice distinguished the linguistic competence of the speaker and the actual phenomena or data of ling
4、uistics (utterances) as “Langue and Parole”. ( )6. The man who turned linguistics proper into a recognised distinct academic subject in Britain was J. R. Firth (1890-1960), the first Professor of General Linguistics in Great Britain in 1944. ( )7. Language is vocal by which we mean language is resou
5、rceful because of its duality and its recursiveness. ( )8. Phonetics studies the description, classification and transcription of human speech sounds ( )9. Modern linguistics began from the Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure (1857-1913), who is often described as father of modern linguistics and a
6、 master of a discipline which he made modern. ( )10. A corpus is a collection of texts input into a computer. Language corpora make it possible for materials developers to select authentic, natural and typical language. ( )II. Multiple choices: There are 4 choices in each statement marked A, B, C an
7、d D. Choose the one that is the most suitable for the statement (20 points). 1. Greeting of language is also called_function.a. phatic communion b. interpersonal c. emotive d. informative2. While_constitutes the immediately accessible data, the linguists proper object is the _ of each community, the
8、 lexicon, grammar, and phonology implanted in each individual by his upbringing in society and on the basis of which he speaks and understands his language.a. pragmatics, semantics b. morphology, syntaxc. parole, langue d. phonetics, phonology3. _ is the study of the sound patterns and sound systems
9、 of languages. It aims to discover the principles that govern the way sounds are organized in languages, and to explain the variations that occur. a. Phonology b. Phonetics c. Parole d. Psychology4. Fauconnier & Turnerpropse discuss_.theory, a cognitive operation whereby elements of two or more ment
10、al spaces are integrated via projection into a new, blended space which has its unique structure.a. Acronym b. Abbreviation c.Back-formation d. Blending5. _ may be defined as the requirement that the forms of two or more words of specific word classes that stand in specific syntactic relationship wi
11、th one another, shall also be characterized by the same paradigmatically marked category. a. Case b. Number c. Agreement d. Gender6. _ recognizes 7 types of meaning in his Semantics, first published in 1974 as conceptual meaning, connotative meaning, social meaning, affective meaning, reflected mean
12、ing, collocative meaning and thematic meaning. a. John Austin b. N. Chomsky c. C.K. Ogden d. G. Leech 7. _refers to an unusually abnormal type of word formation where a shorter word is derived by deleting an imagined affix from a longer form already in the language. a. Back-formation b. Acronym c. C
13、ategorization d. Blending8._ is an act performed in saying something. This act is actually the intention of the speaker. It is performed via the communicative force of an utterance. a. Locutionary act b. Illocutionary act c. Perlocutionary act d. Speech act9. Childrens linguistic capability is innat
14、ely determined. This theory was raised by _a. Chomsky b. Austin c. Sapir-Whorf d. Grice10. The systematic study of morpheme is a branch of linguistics called _a. phonetics b. morphology c. phonology d.semantics III. Give a brief definition to the following ten terms (40 points).1. the Referential Th
15、eory; 2. Embedding; 3. macrolinguistics; 4. Sentence; 5. arbitrariness; 6. Generative Semantics; 7.Conversational Implicature;8. Affix; 9. Cooperative Principle; 10. Sapir-Whorfs HypothesisIV. Briefly discuss the similarities (if theres any) and differences of the following linguistic pairs (30 poin
16、ts):1) Illocutionary Act and Perlocutionary Act2) Behaviouristic Theory and Functional Grammar3) Language and Culture4) Comprehension and Production 5) Input and Output V. Essay writing: you are expected to write a no less than 600 word long essay based on the following topic (40 points).Topic 1: A
17、Chinese English teacher walks into the classroom and greets the students like this: “ Good morning, students!” The students respond by “Good morning, teacher!” Do you think this way of greeting in English is acceptable? Why or why not? If not, what is your preferred way?Topic2. A public sign in a pa
18、rk says in Chinese：小草在微笑，请君绕弯道：Here are two possible translations:Translation 1）：The little grass is smiling. Please walk on the pavement”.( This is a direct translation from Chinese to English)Translation 2）：Keep off the grass！（This indirect translation gives the general meaning of the sign.）If you were asked to put up a sign in English in the park, which translation would you think is more acceptable？And why?第 4 页
