1、文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。Section one the Eyeball 一、The structure of eyeball The eyeball comprises the wall of the eyeball and the contents enclosed by it 文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。(一) The Wall of Eyeball It consists of three tunics(la
2、yers), from outside inwards, which are the fibrous tunic,the vascular tunic and retina 文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。1 The fibrous tunic(outer supporting layer) consists of the sclera behind and the cornea in front.1) The sclera a. features: posterior five-sixths of the outer layer . strong
3、 , white and opaqueb. scleral venous sinus (Schlemm canal)2) The cornea a. features: anterior one-sixth of the outer layer. transparent and non-vascular, but rich nerve terminals 文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。2. The vascular tunic consists of the iris,
4、 the ciliary body and the choroid 1) The iris a. location and shapeb. pupil c. sphincter and dilator pupillae d. iridocorneal anglee. colour : brown , dark , blue .depends upon the number and placement of pigment cells (melanocytes) 文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,
5、请联系网站或本人删除。文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。2) The ciliary body a.location and shape b.ciliary ring and ciliary processes c.ciliary muscle d.ciliary zonule(suspensory ligament)e.function: produce aqueous humor 文档仅供参考
6、,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。3) The choroid a.location and shape : posterior two thirds of choroidb. features : numerous blood vessels and pigment cells 文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。3. The inner tunic (the retina)1) Division: the optic part, cilia
7、ry part and iridial part2)Construction: two layers outer p i g m e n t e d l a y e r a n d i n n e r neuroretina(photoreceptors: rod and cone cells)3) Optic disc (blind spot)4) Macula lutea : fovea centralisvision is sharpest 文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本
8、人删除。文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。(二) The contents of the eyeball include the aqueous humor, the vitreous body and the lens .With the cornea altogether to form the refractive media. 文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系
9、网站或本人删除。l. The chambers of the eye : between the cornea and the lens; and divided into the anterior and the posterior chambers by the iris .It is filled with aqueous humor. 2. The aqueous humor : produced by the capillaries of the ciliary processes. It is colourless, transparent and watery fluid. 文档
10、仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。3. The lens 1) Location : lies between the iris and the vitreous body.2) Features: transparent and elastic, biconvex body lacking vessels and nerves3)Structures: outer cortex and inner
11、nucleus 文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。4. The vitreous body colourless, transparent and jelly-like substance . It fills the space between the lens and the retina (the vitreous chamber) 文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。Section two the accessory org
12、ans of eye The accessory organs of the eye includes the eyelid, the conjunctiva, the lacrimal apparatus, the extraocular muscles and the fasciae. 文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。一、 The eyelids (or palpebrae) include the upper and lower eyelids1Structures:Palpebral fissure, lacrimal papilla an
13、d punctum2 Layers: skin, subcutaneous areolar tissue, orbicularis oculi, tarsus, and conjunctiva. 文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。二、The conjunctiva Division: bulbar conjunctiva
14、 , palpebral conjunctiva and conjunctival fornix 文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。三、The Lacrimal Apparatus consists of the lacrimal gland and tbe lacrimal passages 文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。1 The lacrimal gland : lies in the lacrimal fossa of the orbit文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请
15、联系网站或本人删除。文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。2 The lacrimal passages1) The lacrimal punctum 2) The lacrimal ductule (canaliculus) 3) The lacrimal sac 4) The nasolacrimal duct 文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。四、The extraocular muscles1 The four rectus muscles the medial and lateral rectuses
16、, the superior and posterior rectuses 2 The two oblique musclesthe superior obliquus (superior oblique m. ) and the inferior obliguus (inferior oblique m. ) 3 The levator palpebrae superioris 文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联
17、系网站或本人删除。五、The connective tissue in the Orbit1 The adipose body of orbit2 The sheath of eyeball(the capsule of Tenon)3 The episcleral space 文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。Section three The blood vessels of eye一、The arteries of eye supplied by the ophtha
18、lmic artery1 The central artery of retina: superior and inferior nasal retinal arteries, superior and inferior temporal retinal arteries2 The short posterior ciliary arteries: supply the choroid coat and ciliary process3 The long posterior ciliary arteries: supply the iris 文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之
19、处,请联系网站或本人删除。文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。二、The veins of eye1 The ophthalmic veins :the superior and the inferior ophthalmic v.2 The central vein of retina 文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。Chapter two the v
20、estibulocochlear organ The vestibulocochlear organ is divided into three parts: the external, middle and internal ears. 文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。Section one the external earThe external ear consists of the auricle, external acoustic meatus, and tympanic membrane 文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有
21、不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。1 The auricle 文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。2 The external acoustic meatusextends from the externa1 acoustic pore to the tympanic membrane 1) Two parts: lateral part : the cartilaginous part ( one-third )medial part : the bony part (two-thirds )2) Direction: passes medially,
22、 its lateral part runs forwards and upwards, and then backwards and the medial part runs forwards and downwards 文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。3 The tympanic membrane oval in form, thin and semi-transparent1) Two parts: tense part (lower three fourths o
23、f tympanic membrane) and flaccid part(upper one fourth )2) The umbo3) Cone of light: lie anteroinferior to the tense part of umbo 文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。Section two the middle ear The middle ear lies between the external and inner ears, and incl
24、udes three parts: the tympanic cavity, the auditory tube and the mastoid cells. 文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。1 The tympanic cavity l) The walls of the tympanic cavity six walls:a. The tegmental wall (superior wall)b. The jugular wall (inferior wall)c. The carotid wall (anterior wall) d. Th
25、e mastoid wall (posterior wall) e. The membranous wall (lateral wall) f. The labyrinthine wall (medial wall) 文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。2) The auditory ossicles a.three ossicles: the malleus, incus and stapes b
26、. The muscles of the tympanic cavity :the tensor tympani and the stapedius 文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。2 The auditory tube (Eustachian tube) the channel through which the tympanic cavity communicates with the na
27、sopharynx. 文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。3 The mastoid cells spaces in the mastoid process of the temporal bone 文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。Section three the inter
28、nal ear The internal (inner) ear lies in the petrous part of the temporal bone and consists of two parts: the bony labyrinth and the membranous labyrinth. 文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。一、 The bony labyrinth three parts : the cochlea , the vestibule and
29、 the semicircular canals. 文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。1 The cochlea: looks like the shell of a snail and composed of the bony canal 文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。2 The vestibule: the central part of the
30、 bony labyrinth. On its lateral wall, there are two openings: the fenestra vestibuli and the fenestra cochleae . On the posterior wall of the vestibule there are the five openings of the semicircular canals. On its anterior wall a large opening communicates with the scala vestibuli. 文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,
31、请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。3 The semicircular canals three in number, anterior (superior), posterior and lateral semicircular canal 文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。二、 The membranous labyrinth from before backwards, includes: the cochlear duct, the utricle an
32、d saccule, and the membranous semicircular ducts. 文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。1 The cochlear ducta.Section of the cochlea: shows three channels: the scala tympani, scala vestibuli and the cochlear duct 文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。文档仅供参考,不能
33、作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。 b.the cochlear duct(transverse section) three walls :superior wallthe vestibular membranelateral wallthe thickend endosteum inferior wall the basilar membrane(spiral membrane) and the outer part of the lamina of modiolus The spira
34、l organ on the basilar membrane 文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。2 The utricle and saccule The maculae are the organs of static balance.文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。3 The semicircular ducts The ampullary crests are the organs of kinetic balance.文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。三、The conduction of sound 文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。四、 The internal acoustic meatus 文档仅供参考,不能作为科学依据,请勿模仿;如有不当之处,请联系网站或本人删除。