1、Unit 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS选择题部分第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分35分）第一节（共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ASir Ronald Ross was born in Almora, India in 1857. During his early years, he developed interests in poetry, literature, music, and mathematics, all of which he continued to engage
2、 in (从事) for the rest of his life.Although he had no tendency to study medicine, at the age of 17 he agreed to obey his fathers wish to see him enter the Indian Medical Service. He began his medical studies at St. BartholomewsHospitalMedical College,Londonin 1874. Later, he developed his scientific
3、interests and took a course in bacteriology.In 1892 he became interested in malaria and, having originally doubted the parasites (寄生虫的) existence, became an enthusiastic supporter of the belief that malaria parasites were in the blood stream when this was demonstrated to him by Patrick Manson in 189
4、4.In 1895, Ross began to prove the hypothesis (假说) of Alphonse Laveran and Manson that mosquitoes (蚊子) were connected with the spread of malaria. However, his progress washamperedby the Indian Medical Service.On 20 August 1897, Ross made his landmark discovery. While dissecting (解剖) the stomach tiss
5、ue of a mosquito fed four days previously on a malarious patient, he found the malaria parasite and went on to prove the role of mosquitoes in the transmission of malaria parasites in humans.He continued his research into malaria inIndia, using a more convenient experimental model, malaria in birds.
6、 By July 1898, he had demonstrated that mosquitoes could serve as intermediate (中间的) hosts for bird malaria. After feeding mosquitoes on infected (被感染的) birds, he found that the malaria parasites could develop in the mosquitoes, allowing the mosquitoes to infect other birds during following blood me
7、als.In 1902 Ross was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine “for his work on malaria, by which he has shown how it enters the organism and thereby has laid the foundation for successful research on this disease and methods of fighting it.” Ross wrote extensively on malaria including his b
8、ookThe Prevention of Malariain 1911. While Ross is remembered for his malaria work, this remarkable man was also a mathematician, epidemiologist, sanitarian, editor, novelist, dramatist, poet, amateur musician, composer, and artist.21. What made Ross take up medical studies?A. His fathers expectatio
9、n.B.His keen interest in bacteriology.C. The rapid spread of malaria inIndia.D. The invitation from a medical college.22.What does the underlined word “hampered” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Assisted.B.Evaluated.C. Blocked.D. Monitored.23. How did Ross confirm Patrick Mansons hypothesis?A. By clo
10、sely observing malarious birds.B. By dissecting dead malarious patients.C. By finding malaria parasites in mosquitoes.D. By studying the human blood stream in depth.24. What does the last paragraph mainly discuss?A. Ross career. B. Ross hobbies.C. Ross personal life. D. Ross achievements.B Albert Ei
11、nstein laid the foundation for modern physics, but he may not be the man your kids should try hard to be. That man would be the productive Thomas Alva Edisonhe of the“inspiration is perspiration (汗水)”school of thought. Researchers came to that conclusion after doing a series of studies with college
12、students. They found students were more inspired by the hard-workingEdisontype than Einsteins “genius is my birthright” model.“Theres a misleading message out there that says you have to be a genius in order to be a scientist,” study co-author Danfei Huexplains. “This just isnt true and may be a big
13、 factor in discouraging people from working on science. Struggling is a normal part of doing science and talent is not the only prerequisite (先决条件) for succeeding in science. Its important we help spread this message in science education.”The researchers hope that more Edison appreciation will draw
14、more people to the sciencesespecially at a time when increasing numbers of students are dropping out of those careers.To help turn that tide (趋势), Hu and Janet N. Ahn of William Paterson University did another study. For this study, participants read the same storyabout the difficulty faced by a sci
15、entist over the course of a career. Half the students were told the storys main character was Einstein; the other half were told it wasEdison. It may have been the same story, but knowing it involved Einstein caused students to think that he overpowered his struggles using his smart brain. But whenE
16、disonwas the hero of the story, students believed that he outworked his problems. Indeed, the latter students were more motivated to complete a series of problems.“This information can help shape the language we use in textbooks and in public regarding what it takes to succeed in science,” Hu explai
17、ns. “Young people are always trying to find inspiration from the people around them. If we can send the message that struggling for success is normal, that could be beneficial.”25. Why does the author mention Albert Einstein in Paragraph 1?A. To introduce the achievements he made.B. To describe his
18、“genius is my birthright” model.C. To explain why fewer students want to be scientists.D. To show his stories are unable to draw students to the sciences.26. What did the researchers do in the study?A. They read historical novels to participants.B. They asked participants to tell their career storie
19、s.C. They offered the same story to two groups of participants.D. They compared the reading ability of two groups of participants.27. Which of the following might Danfei Hu agree with according to the text?A. Students should know hard work is within everyones reach.B. Young people should be taught s
20、uccess doesnt come easy.C. Students should carefully choose their lifelong career.D. Young people should learn to follow their own minds.C An employee whose personality traits (特点) closely match the traits that are ideal (理想的) for his or her job is likely to earn more than an employee whose traits a
21、re less congruent (一致的), according to newresearch.Findings from previous research have shown that some personality traits are generally beneficial when it comes to a work environment. Being highly conscientious (勤勉认真的), lead researcher Jaap J.A. Denissen notes, is connected with being hard-working a
22、nd wellorganized, qualities that are typically prized in employees. But Denissen questioned the idea that there is an ideal personality type. The researchers thought that the match, or mismatch, between a persons traits and job requirements, might be important when it comes to important outcomes lik
23、e income.The researchers developed a new way of directly comparing the fit between a given employee and a given job, using the well-established Big Five personality traits to quantify (量化) the traits that a job requires. The researchers examined personality, yearly income, and jobs of 8,458 persons
24、living inGermany.The results showed that fit really does matter, at least when it comes to extraversion, agreeableness, and openness to experiences. For these three traits, greater congruence between an employees own personality and a jobs requirements was connected with higher income. Importantly,
25、the data also showed that employees who were more agreeable, more conscientious, or more open to experiences than their jobs required actually earned less than people who had congruent levels of those traits.The researchers note that additional studies will be required to understand how job experien
26、ces, job satisfaction, and job performance might influence the association between the individual job personality fit and income. The results of the present study do suggest that achieving the right fit requires a special approach to knowing both personal traits and job-related traits. Paying attent
27、ion to the approach could have important implications for both employees and employers.28. What does the previous research show?A. Conscientious people earn much.B. Certain personality traits are advantageous in jobs.C. Job requirements are decisive in choosing an employee.D. Peoples income can be p
28、redicted simply by the work environment.29. What is the result of the new research?A. Employees with a strong personality earn more than others.B. Having too little of a given trait will cause less job satisfaction.C. A perfect individual job personality fit contributes to higher income.D. Conscient
29、ious employees earn more than those who are open to experiences.30. What do researchers say about their new research?A. It still needs further studies.B. It has been applied to job interviews.C. It will help people find the right job easily.D. It has proved the previous study totally wrong.第二节（共5小题；
30、每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Cecilia Payne was born inEnglandto highly successful parents. Her father was a fellow ofOxfordUniversity, and her mother was a talented artist. She showed a great talent for music.31However, it was science that stole her heart. Her mother had told
31、 her of a bee orchid, a plant that resembled (类似) a bumblebee, and upon discovering this Paynes mind was set on pursuing a career in science.As a young adult she won herself a scholarship to study at theUniversityof CambridgesNewnhamCollege, where she began studying botany, chemistry and physics.32A
32、fter one lecture given by Arthur Eddington on the general theory of relativity, Payne lost sleep thinking about its meaning. Her destiny (命运) had been set, and for the rest of her undergraduate years she majored in physics and became absorbed in astronomy (天文学), her true love.33She went there to wor
33、k with Harlow Shapley andPrincetons Henry Norris Russell, two of the most notable researchers in her field at the time. In just two years, Payne completed her PhD essay on the chemical composition of the stars. Her results proved groundbreaking: the Sun was made up mainly of hydrogen and helium. But
34、 Russell disagreed with her findings as they conflicted with the accepted theories of the day.34He reached the same conclusion as Payne by different means.Payne remained at Harvard for the rest of her academic career and grew into a huge success story. In the mid-1950s she made history again by beco
35、ming the first woman in her department to be promoted to a professorship. She died of lung cancer in 1979.35A. It was here that she met the superstars of physics.B. She would later go on to become a skilled pianist.C. It changed the way astronomers understood the universe.D. Payne gave up her studie
36、s under the pressure from Russel.E. However, Russell stated her findings were correct four years later.F. After completing her studies in theUK, Payne set sail for Harvard.G.Now, she is remembered as one of astronomys most inspirational women.第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所
37、给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Dirk Smutzler looks for ways to make science interesting and relevant in his classroom atDickinsonsHagenJunior High School.Smutzler teaches seventh grade life science. “I try to engage them in36whenever possible. Junior high kids like to be active,” he said. “As far as
38、labs go, well look in depth at pond water. I37the students in dissecting a frog.”When the unit is about genetics (遗传学), Smutzler makes the subject38through an experiment about taste. Some students can taste a certain39, while others cant.“The ones who40it think its just unpleasant. They cant41agene
39、controls their ability to taste a chemical like that,” he said.The42for taking up teaching? “Ive always enjoyed interacting with kids when I coached Little League baseball while in high school and some parents approached me and said I should be a(n)43. Although Id never thought about it before, that
40、44my interest in teaching. But I didnt give it full consideration until later in college,” Smutzler said.Smutzler is45reviewing the district-wide science curriculum.“Were looking at ways we can improve46education. That definitely is going to involve more collaboration (合作),”he said.“As we review thi
41、s curriculum, we will47more technology in the labs.”Smutzler also advisesHagens science club. He said,“Its a(n)48for an extracurricular activity and its49to any student. Its supplemental (补充的) to the classroom.”The club exposes (使接触) students to50not available in the daily classroom. Last fall, the
42、eighth graders went on a field trip. They were51to go fossil hunting on private land.Hagen Principal Perry Braunagel said, “I had the opportunity to observe him in the classroom and52how well he managed his classroom and53students to succeed. Mr. Smutzler worked hard to develop54learning opportuniti
43、es for his students and provided them with the necessary resources to complete assignments.”Braunagel also described Smutzler as an educator who has55professional development opportunities through in-service workshops and classes.36. A. conversations B. activitiesC. options D. services37. A. prefer
44、B. promiseC. guide D. advise38. A. more relevant B. more difficultC. more important D. more traditional39. A. drink B. plantC. food D. chemical40. A. smell B. imagine C. taste D. answer41. A. believe B. concludeC. realize D. say42. A. procedure B. talentC. reason D. medium43. A. teacher B. engineer
45、C. doctor D. artist44. A. expressed B. excitedC. followed D. satisfied45. A. worried about B. occupied withC. particular about D. addicted to46. A. university B. healthC. adult D. science47. A. include B. developC. recognize D. experience48. A. framework B. annoyanceC. opportunity D. instruction49.
46、A. available B. uniqueC. harmful D. inappropriate50. A. businesses B. risksC. jobs D. projects51. A. warned B. permittedC. forced D. persuaded52. A. admit B. wonderC. accept D. witness53. A. wished B. orderedC. challenged D. reminded54. A. simple B. interestingC. familiar D. amusing55. A. made up for B. taken charge ofC. looked back on D. taken advantage of非选择题部分第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或
