1、Unit 5 First AidFirst Aid for Burns The skin is an essential part of your body and is _ (it) largest organ. Your skin _ (act) as _ barrier against disease, toxins, and the suns rays. It also helps control your body temperature, prevents your body_ losing too much water, warns you _ things are too ho
2、t or cold, and gives you your sense of touch. As you can imagine, _ (get) burnt can lead to very serious injuries. The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is _(give) first aid. CAUSES OF BURNS You can get burnt _ a variety of things: hot _(liquid), steam, fire, radiation, the sun
3、, electricity, acids, _ other chemicals. TYPES OF BURNS Burns are _(divide) into three types, depending on the depth of skin damage. First-degree burns These affect only the top few millimetres of skin. These burns are not serious. Examples include mild sunburn and burns _(cause) by other minor hous
4、ehold incidents. Second-degree burns These go below the top layer of the skin. They are serious and take a few weeks _ (get) better. Examples include burns caused _ hot liquids. Third-degree burns These affect every layer of the skin, and sometimes the tissue under it. Examples include burns caused
5、by electric shocks, _ (burn) clothes, or petrol fires. These burns cause very severe internal _ (injury) and the victim must go to the hospital at once.CHARACTERISTICS OF BURNSFirst-degree burns dry, red, and mildly swollen mildly _ (pain) turn white _ pressed Second-degree burns red and swollen; bl
6、isters; watery surface _(extreme) painfulThird-degree burns black _ white swollen; the tissue underneath can often _(see) little or no pain if nerves_(damage); may be painful around the edges of the burnFIRST-AID TREATMENT 1 Place burns under cool _(run) water, especially within the first ten minute
7、s. The cool water stops the burning process and reduces the pain and swelling. 2 Dry the burnt area _ (gentle) with a clean cloth. 3 Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin. 4 Cover the burnt area with a loose clean cloth. _(apply) oil on
8、the injured areas is a bad idea, as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection. 5 If burns are on the face, make sure the victim can still breathe. 6 If the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns, there is _ urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once. Using L
9、anguageShare your story about providing first aidChenWei, a high school student in Beijing, had his dinner 1. _(interrupt) when he heard someone screaming from another table. A fellow diner at the restaurant, ZhangTao, was choking 2. _ some steak. He was now holding his throat with his face 3. _(tur
10、n) red, while his desperate friends were slapping him on the back.Chen wasted no time. He got up and ran to Zhangs table at once. With the help of Zhangs friends, he was able to help Zhang to his 4._ (foot). Then, standing behind Zhang, Chen did the Heimlich manoeuvre. The food was 5. _(instant) for
11、ced out, and Zhang began to breathe again. Ten minutes later, an ambulance arrived. The doctors checked Zhang and made sure that he was fine. They suggested he eat more slowly and take 6. _(small) bites before they left.Choking victims usually have only about four minutes before they collapse and so
12、metimes die, 7._ (leave) no time for an ambulance to arrive. To solve this problem, in 1974, an American doctor, Henry Heimlich,created the Heimlich manoeuvre, saving thousands of lives around the world.Doing the Heimlich manoeuvre is quick, 8. _(practically), and easy. It is so easy, in fact, that
13、almost anyone can learn how.9._ you see someone choking, first call the emergency services. Then, make sure the victim is really choking: A choking person cannot speak. Slapping the victims back will often force out the obstruction. If this does not work, you can perform the Heimlich manoeuvre by st
14、anding behind him and wrapping your arms around his waist. Make 10. _ fist with one hand and place it in the upper part of his stomach. Grabbing your fist with your other hand tightly, push up and into his stomach in one motion. Continue doing this until the obstruction is forced out.Doing the Heiml
15、ich manoeuvre on a small child is not 11. _(recommend), as you may hurt him. Instead, lay the child face down on your lap with the head lower than the rest of his body, and then give firm slaps to his upper back 12. _ he can breathe again.With choking victims, every minute counts. You cannot just st
16、and by and do nothing. 13. _(Lucky), Chen had learnt how to give first aid in school. Seeing Zhang choking, he remained calm and reacted immediately. Chen later said about the incident, How could I justify 14. _(sit) there and doing nothing? We are all humans and we all have a 15. _(responsible) to look after one anothers welfare”.
