1、人教版必修第二册Discovering Useful StructureThe Past Perfect TenseU3 Food and CultureKnowledge objectives:Enable the students focus on structures.Skill objectives: Help the students get insight into passive voice.Emotional objectives:Improve students sense of sharing something that has been done.Thinking qu
2、ality objectives:Inspire the students to write a poem.Observe the following sentences and pay attention to the red parts.1. The chef had set up a farm-to-table restuarant before his new cookbook was published. 2. They had finished their dinner by the time Sam joined them.3. Most of the guests had le
3、ft when he arrived at the party. 4. Their dinner had been finished by the time Sam joined them.1. The Past Perfect Tense 过去完成时过去完成时2. 第第4句有什么特别之处呢？句有什么特别之处呢？被动语态被动语态The Past Perfect Tense基本结构：基本结构：“had + 过去分词过去分词” 被动语态：被动语态：“had been + 过去分词过去分词”基本含义：过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻已经完基本含义：过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻已经完成的动作，即成的动作，
4、即“过去的过去过去的过去”。PastFuturehad done SummarizePresent“过去的过去过去的过去”2. By nine oclock last night, we_ 200 pictures from the spaceship. (get)3. I _at the bus stop for 200 minutes when a bus finally came. (wait)4. I returned the book that I _. (borrow)5. I _ 10000 English words till then.(learn)6. They _at t
5、he station by ten yesterday. had waitedhad borrowedhad learnedhad arrivedFill in the blanks.had got1. This was the first time he _ (confront) an armed robber.had confrontedThe Past Perfect Tenseis used in these sentences. had + v-edIts basic structure is:_.*定义；定义；*句型结构；句型结构；*用法；用法；* 特殊用法。特殊用法。Focus
6、on 基本用法过去完成时语过去完成时语态态 Tom had finished (finish) writing his novel I had eaten (eat) lots of cakes till then. 主语主语+had+ v-ed主语主语+had + not + v-ed Tom had not eaten his supper in the canteen before he went back home. 。The Past Perfect Tense过去完成时过去完成时 When the police arrived, the thieves had not run (r
7、un) away. Had you spent all of your money? Yes, I had./No, I hadnt. Had he finished his homework by the time you got here? Yes, he had./No, he hadnt.Had + 主语主语 + v-ed +其他其他？Yes, 主语（人称代词）主语（人称代词）+had. No,主语（人称代词）主语（人称代词） +hadnt.疑问词疑问词 + had + 主语主语 + v-ed +其他其他？疑问词疑问词 + 一般疑问句式？一般疑问句式？ Why had The Cast
8、le become a memory of generation? How much of your money had you spent？ What had you bought?Whose book had you borrowed?Who has been invited?肯定肯定句句：The movie had been on for half an hour when we got to the cinema否定否定句句: The movie had not been on for half an hour when we got to the cinema 一般一般疑问句疑问句:
9、 Had the movie been on for half an hour when we got to the cinema特殊特殊疑问句疑问句: How long had the movie been on when we got to the cinema? Practice Makes Perfect肯定肯定结构结构hadhadbeenbeen done done否定否定结构结构hadhadnotnotbeenbeen done done一般疑问一般疑问结构结构hadhad主语主语beenbeen donedone特殊疑问特殊疑问结构结构特殊疑问词特殊疑问词hadhad主语主语be
10、enbeen donedone1. When the police arrived, the thief had run away.2. Before he volunteered to direct the traffic, Tom had lost lots of jobs.3. He hadnt finished it by yesterday evening. 4. By the end of June, they _ (treat) over 800 patients.The Usage of the Tense (1) （1 1）表示）表示过去过去某时或某动作之前某时或某动作之前就
11、已经完成或结束的就已经完成或结束的动作。动作。had treatedcame1. Kevin had been a newspaper reporter for two years before he became a businessman. 2. He said he _ (work) in that factory since 1949.3. I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally (come).The Usage of the Tense (2) （2 2）过去某一时间的动作或状态持续到过去另一时间，有过
12、去某一时间的动作或状态持续到过去另一时间，有时可能继续下去时可能继续下去，常与常与for，since等引导的时间状语连用。等引导的时间状语连用。had worked 1. Scarcely had the votes been counted, when the telephone rang. 2. No sooner had I walked out than I remembered that I forgot my homework. 3. Hardly had we sat down to supper when the phone rang.The Usage of the Tens
13、e (3) What are the meanings and features of the following sentences?（3 3）常用固定句型：）常用固定句型：Hardly / Scarcely . when ；No sooner . than（刚（刚就就）。否定词置于否定词置于句首句首，需要，需要部分倒装部分倒装。主句用。主句用过去完成时过去完成时，从句用，从句用一般过去时一般过去时。1. 我刚到车站我刚到车站，火车就开了火车就开了。(scarcely . when .)I had scarcely reached the station when the train sta
14、rted. /Scarcely had I reached the station when the train started.2. 结果刚一宣布，人们就欢呼起来结果刚一宣布，人们就欢呼起来。(hardly . when .)The result had hardly been announced when the crowd applauded. / The Usage of the Tense (3) 即学即练 Hardly had the result been announced when the crowd applauded. 1. We had intended to have
15、 a barbecue in the open air, but the weather was bad.2. I had wished _ (become) a doctor, but I studied law at college. 3. They _ (plan) to see us off at the airport.The Usage of the Tense (4) （4 4）常用）常用hope, expect, suppose, think, want, wish等动等动词的过去完成时表示词的过去完成时表示过去未实现的愿望、计划或者打过去未实现的愿望、计划或者打算算。had
16、plannedto become The Usage of the Tense (5) 1. It was the first time she _ (leave) her motherland.2. It is the first time (that) I _ (speak) in public.3. This _ (be) the first time I had seen Dad so furious (狂怒的). 4. It is time for us _ (pack) up and leave. had left have spokenwas （5 5）It / This / T
17、hat was the first / second . time (+ that) 这是这是 / / 那是某人第一那是某人第一 / / 第二次第二次 / / 第第次做次做此句型中，若主语中的此句型中，若主语中的be动词为动词为was,从句中的谓语则用过去从句中的谓语则用过去完成时；若主句中的完成时；若主句中的be动词为动词为is, 从句中的谓语则用现在完成从句中的谓语则用现在完成时。时。 to packIt is high / about time that we _ (do) something to stop pollution.The Usage of the Tense (5) di
18、d / should doIt is high / about time that sb did / should do sth 是该做是该做的时候了。的时候了。(should 不可省略不可省略)1. 1. 定义定义: :在在过去过去某一时间或动作之某一时间或动作之前前就就已经发生或完成了已经发生或完成了的的动作或状态。动作或状态。2 2. . 句型结构句型结构: :肯定肯定句句：主语：主语+had+ v-ed否定否定句句：主语：主语+had+ not+ v-ed 肯定回答：肯定回答：Yes, 主语主语（人称代词）（人称代词）had. 否定回答：否定回答：No, 主语主语（人称代词）（人称代词
19、）hadnt. 一般疑问句一般疑问句：Had + 主语主语 + v-ed +其他？其他？特殊疑问句特殊疑问句：疑问词：疑问词 + had + 主语主语 + v-ed +其他其他？3 3. . 用法：用法：（1 1）表示）表示过去过去某时或某动作某时或某动作之前之前就就已经完成或结束已经完成或结束的动作。的动作。（2 2）过去某一时间的动作或状态持续到过去另一时间，有时可能继）过去某一时间的动作或状态持续到过去另一时间，有时可能继续下去，常续下去，常与与forfor，sincesince等引导的时间状语等引导的时间状语连用。连用。（3 3）常用）常用hope, expect, suppose,
20、think, want, wishhope, expect, suppose, think, want, wish等动词的过等动词的过去完成时去完成时表示过去未实现的愿望、计划或者打算表示过去未实现的愿望、计划或者打算。4. 4. 特殊用法特殊用法。（4 4）常用固定句型：常用固定句型：Hardly / Scarcely . when ；No sooner . than（刚（刚就就）。否定词置于句首，需要否定词置于句首，需要部分倒装部分倒装。主句用。主句用过去完成时过去完成时，从句用，从句用一般一般过去时过去时。（5） It / This / That was the first / seco
21、nd . time (+ that) + had doneThe Comparison between the Past Perfect Tense and the Present Perfect Tense 1. Tom has eaten his supper.2. Tom had eaten his supper in the canteen before he went back home. 1. The family have not finished breakfast. 2. The family were still at table, but they had finishe
22、d breakfast. 现在完成时强调现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在的影响过去的动作对现在的影响；过去完成时强调过去完成时强调动作或状态开始于过去，也结束于过去动作或状态开始于过去，也结束于过去。Try to compare the following two sets of sentences.Compare and Discover1. I _ (eat) lots of cakes so far. 2. I _ (eat) lots of cakes till then.3. Tom _ (finish) writing his novel by the end of last yea
23、r. 4. Tom _ (finish) writing his novel by now. 5. Tom (finish) writing his novel by the end of this year. 6. Tom _ (finish) writing his novel last year.have eatenhad eatenhad finishedhas finished will have finished finished即学即练 Practice Makes Perfect1. Ben _ (move) to England with his mum when he wa
24、s three and it _ (be) 13 years since I had last seen him. (2018 全国卷)2. This is the first time he _ (confront) an armed robber.3. Millions of years ago, dinosaurs roamed (漫步) the earth, but they _ (become) extinct by the time humankind first appeared.has confrontedhad movedhad beenhad become即学即练 Prac
25、tice Makes Perfect4. Mary, when questioned why she _ (cheat) in the exam, just lowered her head and _ (keep) silent.5. Since then, Ricky _ (decide) to become a “Maximum Efficiency Boy”, and _ (put) real care into how he treated his things.6. Hardly had I _ (come) out of the railway station when my parents _ (run) to me and _ (help) me carry my luggage.had cheatedcome kept has decidedhelped put即学即练 Practice Makes Perfectran
