1、Unit 2 Bridging Cultures Learning aimsStudy the sentences below and mark the noun clauses. 1. What seemed strange before now appears quite normal to Xie Lei.2. What surprised Xie Lei was that she found herself speaking up in class after just a few weeks.3. Its important that Xie Lei keeps a balance
2、between her studies and her social life.Leading-inStudy the sentences below and mark the noun clauses.1. What seemed strange before now appears quite normal to Xie Lei. 以前看似奇怪的事情，现在对谢蕾来说很正常。2. What surprised Xie Lei was that she found herself speaking up in class after just a few weeks. 令谢蕾惊喜的是，仅仅几周
3、的时间，她就能在课堂上大胆发言了。(subject 主语主语)(subject 主语主语) ( predicative表语表语)3. It is important that Xie Lei keeps a balance between her studies and her social life. 谢蕾在学习和社会生活之间保持平衡是很重要的。(subject 主语主语)主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前；或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。That he will win is certain.Whether hell join us in the dis
4、cussion is of great importance.【观察例句】1. 从属连词：从属连词：that：只起引导作用，本身无实际意义，不充当任何成分，但只起引导作用，本身无实际意义，不充当任何成分，但不能不能省略省略。whether：意为：意为“是否是否”，不充当从句的任何成分。，不充当从句的任何成分。【归纳用法】【观察例句】【归纳用法】caused the accident remains unknown【归纳用法】即学即练即学即练1._ makes dogs identify patients with cancer is a mystery .2._ he succeeded in
5、 applying for the position made his family happy.WhatThat【观察例句】Why he came here is not known.How we can protect the grain from damp needs to be discussed.【归纳用法】【归纳用法】1.(_ is needed for success) is your hard work.2.(_can join in the sport meet) is decided by the teacher.3.(_ it will rain or not) is n
6、ot clear.4.(_ the earth is becoming warm) is a good topic for research.5.(_ the earth is a solid ball) is known to us all.即学即练即学即练WhatWhoWhetherWhyThat如何选择正确的连接词分析句子成分析句子成分分缺主宾表定缺状语用连接代词用连接代词用连接副词用连接副词根据语意缺什么补什么根据语意缺什么补什么都不缺用都不缺用thatthat或或whetherwhether(1) Itbe形容词(obvious，true，natural，surprising，goo
7、d，wonderful，funny，possible，likely，certain，probable等)that从句。It isnt likely that I should accept such an offer as that.我不可能接受像那样的帮助。4.It 做形式主语(2)Itbe名词词组(no wonder，an honor，a good thing，a pity，no surprise等)that从句。Its no wonder that he didnt want to go.难怪他不想去。(3)Itbe过去分词(said，reported，thought，expected，
8、decided，announced，arranged等)that从句。It is decided that the meeting has been put off till next Monday.会议被推迟到下周一召开已经定下来了(4)It动词/动词短语(seem，appear，happen，matter，turn out，occur to，make no difference等)that从句。It suddenly occurred to her that Joe was afraid of being alone. 她突然想到乔害怕独自一个人待着。1.Whether we can ha
9、ve clean drinking water lies in what effective measures will be taken by the government about water pollution. 2.It remains to be seen whether or not this idea can be put into practice. 3.It is not immediately clear whether/if the financial crisis will soon be over. 【观察例句】【归纳用法】【归纳用法】5.5.whetherwhet
10、her与与ifif引导主语从句的区别：引导主语从句的区别：主语从句位于主句谓语动词前，表示主语从句位于主句谓语动词前，表示“是否是否”，只能用，只能用 whether而不能而不能用用if引导；若用引导；若用it作形式主语，则作形式主语，则if与与whether可互换可互换1.When he will do the experiment has not been decided yet.2.What we badly need is enough time to sleep.3.What the boy wants are some books of great benefit.【观察例句】【归
11、纳用法】【归纳用法】从句做主语从句做主语谓语谓语一般用一般用单数单数 what从句根据它所从句根据它所指代的内容指代的内容确认谓语单复数。确认谓语单复数。I know you.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语1. 1. 基本结构基本结构I know that you are broken.主语主语谓语谓语宾语从句宾语从句+宾语宾语=动词动词动宾结构动宾结构I love you for who you are.主语主语谓语谓语+宾语从句宾语从句介词介词动词动词I am happy that you like it!主语主语be+adj系表系表宾语从句宾语从句系表结构常用的形容词包系表结构常用的形容词包括
12、：括：happy, pleased, glad, satisfied, sure, certain, afraid, surprised 等。等。陈述句陈述句一般疑问句一般疑问句特殊疑问句特殊疑问句thatthat连接代词连接代词whether, ifwhether, if连接副词连接副词that, which, who, whom, whosethat, which, who, whom, whosewhen, where, how, whywhen, where, how, why或引导词，就是用来连接主语和宾语从句的词；共或引导词，就是用来连接主语和宾语从句的词；共3 3类类Spider
13、-Man said that he felt a bit down.宾语从句宾语从句3类 连接词连接词 I doubt whether Spider-Man died.宾语从句宾语从句 I wonder when the new Spider-Man series will come out.我想知道蜘蛛侠新系列电影什么时候上映。我想知道蜘蛛侠新系列电影什么时候上映。宾语从句宾语从句宾语从句用陈述句语序宾语从句用陈述句语序 When will he go to the library? His brother asks when he will go to the library . His
14、brother asks when will he go to the library . 1）主句是一般）主句是一般现在现在时，从句可以是时，从句可以是多种时态多种时态Mom wonders if I have finished my homework.一般过去时一般过去时一般将来时一般将来时一般现在时一般现在时现在完成时现在完成时Mom says that she saw my friend Mary last night. Mom says that she will love me forever.Mom says that she loves me.Dad said he had d
15、runk coffee for ten years.一般过去时一般过去时过去进行时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时Dad said that he liked coffee.Dad said that he was enjoying a cup of coffee at that moment.He said that light travels much faster than sound.宾语从句宾语从句主句主句从句从句时态一般现在时多种时态一般过去时过去的时态（客观事实/真理）一般现在时表语从句的定义The question is who will do it.The question i
16、s difficult.在主从复合句充当表语的从句叫表语从句表语表语表语从句表语从句表语从句的判断系动词后的成分为表语。系动词后的从句为表语从句系动词主要是be动词（am, is, are, was, were)，意为“是”。其它系动词：1)持续系动词（表示主语持续或保持一种状况或态度）：keep, remain, stay, stand2) “像”系动词（表示看起来像）：seem, appear, look3)感官系动词：look, feel, smell, sound, taste4)变化系动词（主语变成什么样）：become, grow, turn, fall, get, go5)终止系
17、动词（主语已终止动作）：prove, turn out引导词引导词引导词用法用法从属连词that无成分，无意义Whether无成分，意为“是否”连接代词what,which,who,whom, +ever, whose在从句中充当主语，宾语，表语，定语连接副词how, when, where, + ever, why在从句中充当状语其它连接词because, as if ,as though因为，好像，似乎表语从句的语法规则The question is how can I make you understand the knowledge.The question is how I can
18、make you understand the knowledge.Rule 1 : 表语从句和宾语从句、主语从句一样，要用陈述语序：主语+谓语。表语从句的语法规则Rule 2 : 表语从句的引导词没有if !The question is if it is worthwhile to do it.The question is whether it is worthwhile to do it.只用whether ,不用if的情况Whether to doWhetheror not介词后的宾语从句从句：句首的主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句表语从句的语法规则Rule 3 : 表语从句的虚拟语气
19、My proposal is that we (should) start early tomorrow.I propose that we (should) start early tomorrow.It is proposed that we (should) start early tomorrow.在表示“建议，劝说，命令”的名词 idea, advice, suggestion, request, proposal 等后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”，should可省略表语从句的语法规则Rule 3 : as if/as though 引导的表语从句常跟在l
20、ook, seem, sound, feel等后面语气： 若表示真实情况：用陈述语气 若表示非真实情况：用虚拟语气Dark clouds are gathering. It looks as if its going to rain.It seemed as if the night would never end. 表语从句的语法规则Rule 3 : as if/as though 引导的表语从句的虚拟语气： 若跟现在事实不符：过去式（be动词用were） 若跟过去事实不符：had done 若跟将来事实不符：would/could+动词原形The little boy talks as i
21、f he knew everything in the world.He felt as if he had met this young lady for a long somewhere.即学即练1. My suggestion is that we _ (go) to hospital at once.2. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _(be) broken.3. My idea is that we _(get) more people to attend the conference.
22、4. The little girl talked as if she _(be) a grown-up.5. She looks as if she _(be) ten years younger.should gowereshould gethad beenwere表语从句的语法规则Rule 4 : because引导表语从句通常只用于“This/That/It is because”结构中。I do so many things for you. It is because I love you.I am late this morning. That is because I left
23、 my bag on the subway. Your speech is excellent. This is because you prepared it a lot.表语从句的语法规则Rule 5 :当从句描述原因时：主语为主语为reason 时，引导词用时，引导词用that It, This, That 开头做主语，引导词用开头做主语，引导词用because She was late this morning. That was because she missed the early bus. The reason why he was late was that he misse
24、d the early bus.表语从句的语法规则Rule 6 :引导词that, because, why的区别：描述原因用描述原因用that或或because.描述结果用描述结果用why The reason was that you dont trust her. He was sent to the hospital. Thats because he was ill. He was ill. Thats why he was sent to the hospital. 即学即练1.He is careless and irresponsible. That was _ he was
25、fired.2.He was fired. That was _ he is careless and irresponsible.3. The reason _ he was fired was _ he was careless and irresponsible.whybecausewhythatS+V+PS+V+Plink verbPredicative Predicative 表语表语Predicative is used _ the link verb.Predicative is used _ the link verb.A sentence which is used as p
26、redicative is A sentence which is used as predicative is Predicative ClausePredicative Clause表语从句表语从句. .bebe动词动词; ;感官动词：感官动词：sound, taste,smell, look, feel;sound, taste,smell, look, feel;表示变化的词：表示变化的词：go,get, turn, become.go,get, turn, become.behindbehind that whether what（ever） which(ever) who(ever
27、)Whom(ever) whose when where how why whenever wherever however 连接词连接代词连接副词无意义是否不做成分作主、宾、表 、定语作状语the 5. It all depends on _ they will do their best . ExerciseWhenwhatWhatWherewhether6.First of all，_ we should prevent him from doing it is the most important.7.We all thought it is a pity _the concert w
28、as put off.8. I didnt know what time he _ the letter. (write)9. Could you tell me who _ away the book already? (take)10.Tim told me he _ to the Great Wall several times. (be)11.The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow. (be)thatthat had been will be.补全句子补全句子1.The fact was .事实是他没有做真正的努力。事实是他没有做真正的努力。2.The
29、question is .问题是这部电影是否值得看。问题是这部电影是否值得看。3.Now she has known Millie for years.现在看起来好像她认识米莉已有好多年了。现在看起来好像她认识米莉已有好多年了。4.My advice is as often as possible.我的建是你尽可能经常地练习说英语。我的建是你尽可能经常地练习说英语。5.Thats .那就是我第一次遇见她的地方。那就是我第一次遇见她的地方。that he didnt really trywhether the film is worth seeingit seems as though/ifth
30、at you (should) practise speaking Englishwhere I first met her6.This is _I want.7.My English is limited. This is _I hate reading English books. 8.The village is _ I used to spend my holiday.9.It is _ I really love the way he behaves.10.The trouble is _ we are short of funds.11.My problem is _ coat is suitable for me.12.Id like to start my own businessthats _ I want to do if I had the money.13.What I want to know is _will support me.whatwherewhybecausethatwhichwhatwho
