1、 Reading for Writing： write about what makes a great scientist 钱学森（1911-2009） ，享誉海内外 的杰出科学家，我国导弹、原子弹和人 造卫星研究领域的开拓者，航天科学的奠基人。1991年国务院、中央军委授予他“国家杰出贡献科学家”荣誉称号和“一级英雄模范奖章”， 以表彰他对我国科技事业作出的杰出贡献。1999年中共中央、国务院、中央军委作出决定，授予钱学森“两弹一星功勋奖章”。史蒂芬霍金 Stephen Hawking （1942-2018） ， 英国著名物理学家、宇宙学家、数学家。生前曾在英国剑桥大学担任卢卡斯数学教授（
2、国际数学领域极具声望的教授职衔）， 被认为是继爱因斯坦之后最杰出的理论物理学家之一。1963年，21岁的霍金被诊断患有肌肉萎缩性侧索硬化症，即运动神经细胞病，从此，霍金便不断与疾病斗争、挑战自我、奉献社会，是人类身残志坚的典范。他著有时间简史 (A Brief History of Time)等著作，对宇宙黑洞有独到的见地和研究。Fast-reading The text is mainly about _.the brief introduction of Qian Xuesen andStephen Hawking. 1. However,after the Songhu Battle b
3、roke out in 1932,Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.break out (战争、打斗等不快的事情战争、打斗等不快的事情)突然开始突然开始;爆发爆发break down 出故障出故障;失败失败;垮掉垮掉;分解分解break in 破门而入破门而入;打断打断(谈话等谈话等)break into 强行闯入强行闯入;
4、突然突然起来起来break away from 脱离脱离;挣脱挣脱break up 打碎打碎;分裂分裂;解体解体break through 突破突破break off 突然中止突然中止, 中断中断 break in和和break into都有都有“闯入闯入”的意的意思。思。break in为不及物动词短语为不及物动词短语,后不后不跟宾语跟宾语;break into为及物动词短语为及物动词短语,后后可以跟宾语。可以跟宾语。【语境应用语境应用】 用含用含break的短语的正确形式填空。的短语的正确形式填空。1) Someone _ my car and stole the radio.2) The
5、y escaped to America shortly before war _ in 1939.3) He _ the chocolate and gave every child in the room a piece.4) She started to speak, then _ while a waitress served us coffee.5) The printing machines are always _. We need to buy some new ones.broke into broke out broke upbroke off breaking down2
6、. China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.defend vt. 保卫保卫, 保保 护护; 防守防守; 辩解辩解defence n. 保卫保卫; 防御物防御物; 防守防守; 辩解辩解 defender n. 防守队员防守队员; 守卫者守卫者 defensive adj. 防御的防御的; 戒备的戒备的; 防守的防守的(1)defend.from/against保护保护免受免受;防御防御defend oneself from / against 为自己辩护为自己辩护;自卫自卫in defen
7、ce of为了保卫为了保卫;为为辩护辩护语境应用语境应用】 翻译下面句子。翻译下面句子。1) How can we defend our homeland if we dont have an army? _2) Some players are better at defending. _3) He had top lawyers to defend him. _如果没有军队如果没有军队, 我们怎么来保护我们的家园？我们怎么来保护我们的家园？有些队员较擅长打防卫。有些队员较擅长打防卫。他有顶级的律师为他辩护。他有顶级的律师为他辩护。3. He received a heros welcome
8、 from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing Chinas rocket science but also its space and missile programme.in charge of 主管主管; 掌管掌管人人+ in charge of +事事事事+ in the charge of + 人人翻译：玛丽负责这家报纸的专栏翻译：玛丽负责这家报纸的专栏(column)_Mary is in charge of the column of the newspaper.The column of the n
9、ewspaper is in charge of Mary.4.Since he came down with a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles,his world became one of abstract e down with患患(病病);染上染上(小病小病)come across 偶然遇到偶然遇到come about 发生发生come to 恢复常态恢复常态;共计共计;达到达到(某种状况某种状况)come up with 提出提出(主语是人主语是人)come up 被被提出提出(主语是建
10、议等主语是建议等)1.A number of useful suggestions _ at the meeting.2.The scientists are beating their brains trying to _ a solution to the problem.3. That night she _ a fever and stayed a whole week in his flat with the flu.came up come up withcame down withWhen asked “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles?
11、”,his reply was a determined “Why not.”状语状语从句的主语和主句的主语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时一致时,且从句谓语中且从句谓语中含有含有be动词时动词时,从句可从句可以将以将主语和主语和be动词动词简化掉。常用于以下几种情形简化掉。常用于以下几种情形:(1)连词连词+形容词形容词As (he was) young,he learned how to ride a bike.他小时候就学会了骑自行车。Work hard when (you are) young,or youll regret.少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。(2)连词连词+名词名词Although
12、 (he was) a farmer,now he is a famous director.尽管他曾是个农民,现在他是位著名的导演了。(3)连词连词+动词动词-ing形式形式Although (he is) doing his best in maths these days,he has still got no good marks.尽管近来他一直在努力学数学,但他仍然没有取得好成绩。(4)连词连词+过去分词过去分词He wont go there with us unless (he is) invited.除非受到邀请,否则他不会和我们一起去那里。(5)连词连词+不定式不定式He s
13、tood up as if (he were) to say something.他站起来好像要说什么。(6)连词连词+介词短语介词短语She looked anxious as though (she was) in trouble.她看上去很焦急,好像遇到了麻烦。 above all最重要的是；尤其是最重要的是；尤其是faultn弱点；过错弱点；过错1.(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始突然开始;爆发爆发 2. 主管主管;掌管掌管 3. 患患(病病);染上染上(小病小病)4. 最重要的是最重要的是;尤其是尤其是 5. 做出决定做出决定 6.discourage s
14、b from doing sth 7.under ones leadership 8.be traced back to 9.point out 10.benefit from 重点短语重点短语break outin charge ofcome down withabove allmake a decision阻止某人做某事阻止某人做某事在在的领导下的领导下追溯到追溯到指出指出从从获益获益.单词拼写1.Under the _(领导) of the Party,we are marching from victory to victory. 2.If you experience engine
15、trouble,you take your car to a _(机械师). 3.The coach and his team were interviewed because of their _(杰出的) performance. 4.Some people say beauty itself is _ (抽象的).Do you agree? 5.This _(概念) is not easy to understand because the words seem to have opposite meanings. 6.A birdwatcher,armed with a _(望远镜),
16、found the pet sitting desperately on a rock. 7.We should be broad-minded and learn to forgive other peoples _(过错). 8.The guidance systems didnt work and the _(导弹) couldnt hit its target. leadershipmechanicoutstandingabstractconcepttelescopefaultsmissile.单句语法填空1.All the people,men and women,young and
17、 old,were fighting against the flood in _(defend). 2.Even if you are a _(gift) man,you should not take your gift for granted. 3.One of the _(astronomer) was looking at the moon through his telescope when he got a big surprise. 4.Her eyes were shining _(brilliant),but soon her face lost its colour. 5
18、.He told stories so _(vivid) that all the people there were listening attentively.6.The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an _(assist). defencegiftedastronomersbrilliantly vividlyassistant.完成句子1.The manager has not made up his mind yet as to who will be _(负责) the project. 2.Many c
19、hildren in the kindergarten _(染上) the flu last week. 3.He is keen to _(指出) the benefits which the family network can provide. 4.A large number of students will _(从中受益) the new teaching method. 5.The friendly intercourse between our two countries can _(追溯到) last century. in charge ofcame down withpoint outbenefit frombe traced back to
