1、Unit 3语法精讲直接引语间接引语人称变化时态变化12代词，时状，地状，动词变化3语序变化4The expert said that from the position of its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved and died.The expert said, “From the position of its dead body, the bear appears to have starved and died.”Direct Speech Indirect SpeechThe reporter asked, “Will p
2、olar bears die out because of climate change?”The reporter asked whether polar bears would die out because of climate change.Direct Speech Indirect SpeechThe reporter asked, “How can we save polar bears from extinction?”The reporter asked how we could save polar bears from extinction.Direct Speech I
3、ndirect Speech“Lets work together to stop climate change,” the expert said.The expert advised us to work together to stop climate change.引语的概念直接引述别人的原话，叫_;直接引语 用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来，叫 _。间接引语直接引语通常都用_括起来， 引号“ ” 间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个 _。宾语从句直接引语变为间接引语时，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语等一般均要作相应的变化。1. 时态变化时态变化 如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时
4、，从句的谓语动词在时态如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要做相应的变化。方面要做相应的变化。直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时 一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时 现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时e.g. “I dont know that,” he said. He said that he didnt know that.由直接引语转变为间接引语, 下列情况时态不变:直接引语属真理或客观事实时The teacher said to us,
5、 “Light runs much faster than sound.”The teacher told us light runs much faster than sound. 注意2. 经常的习惯 He said to the doctor, “I smoke two packs every day.” He told the doctor that he smokes two packs every day.3. 历史事件 The teacher said, “World War II ended in 1945.” The teacher said that World War I
6、I ended in 1945.4. 部分情态动词, 如must, ought to, used to, had better等 She said to me, “You must hurry up.” She said that I must hurry up. 句型转换 （1）The teacher said，“You are doing OK.” The teacher said that doing OK. （2）He said，“I have written a novel.” He said that a novel. （3）He said，“She will come here
7、to have a long holiday.” He said that go there to have a long holiday. （4）The teacher said，“Where there is a will，there is a way.” The teacher said that where there a will，there a way. （5）Jane said，“Mary，where were you going when I met you on the bus?” Jane asked Mary where when she met her on the b
8、us. we werehe had writtenshe would is she was going is 2. 人称变化人称变化 一一随随主主、二二随随宾宾、第、第三三人称人称不更新不更新。 一随主：直接引语中第一人称变为与主句的主语一随主：直接引语中第一人称变为与主句的主语相一致相一致的人的人称。称。 二随宾：直接引语中第二人称变为和间接宾语（即听话人）二随宾：直接引语中第二人称变为和间接宾语（即听话人）相一致的人称。相一致的人称。 第三人称不更新：直接引语中第三人称变为间接宾语时，人第三人称不更新：直接引语中第三人称变为间接宾语时，人称不变。称不变。e.g. “I dont know
9、that,” he said. He said that he didnt know that.He said, “I like it very much.”He said that he liked it very much.He said to me, “Ive left my book in your room.He told me that he had left his book in my room.I said to her, “I have done my best.”I told her that I had done my best.人称变化 句型转换 （1）“I will
10、 come and see you again this evening， Tom，”she said. She told Tom that would go and see again that evening. （2）He said to me，“You are wrong.” He told me that was wrong. （3）“Are you a soldier?” he asked. He asked if/whether was a soldier. （4）He asked，“Where are you going to get off， John?” He asked J
11、ohn where was going to get off. sheIhimIhe变化项目变化项目直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语指示代词指示代词thisthese时间状语时间状语nowtoday, tonightthis week/monththatthosethenthat day, that nightthat week / month 3. 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化。yesterdayten days /weeksagotomorrow/next year. 地点状语地点状语here方向性方向性动词动词comebringthe
12、day beforeten days beforethe next day/yeartheregotake 句型转换 （1）“I will come and help you tomorrow，John，” she said. She told John that she would and help her _. （2）“Ill come and see you again this evening， Tim，”he said. He told Tim that he would go and see him again . （3）Mr Harry asked，“John，have you
13、passed the exam yesterday?” Mr Harry asked John whether he had passed the exam _. （4）The old man said，“I like to talk with these young men.” The old man said that he liked to talk with young men. （5）She said to me，“I lived here five years ago.” She told me she had lived five years . the next daythat
14、 eveningthe day before thosetherego before4. 语序变化语序变化直接引语如果是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要把直接引语如果是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要把疑问句语序疑问句语序变变为为陈述句语序陈述句语序。一般疑问句一般疑问句由连词由连词whether或或if引导的宾语从句，其主句谓引导的宾语从句，其主句谓语动词常用语动词常用ask, wonder, want to know等。等。eg Mother asked me, “Have you finished your homework?”Mother asked me whether/if I had fin
15、ished my homework.选择疑问句选择疑问句由由whether . or引导的宾语从句。引导的宾语从句。eg “Are you going to Beijing or Shanghai for the holidays?” she asked. She asked me whether I was going to Beijing or Shanghai for the holidays.反意疑问句反意疑问句由连词由连词whether或或if引导的宾语从句。引导的宾语从句。eg “You dont like rock music, do you?” he said. He aske
16、d me whether/if I liked rock music.特殊疑问句特殊疑问句由连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。由连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。eg “How many sleeping pills have you taken?” asked the nurse.The nurse asked me how many sleeping pills I had taken.The teacher asked, “Where have you been?” The teacher asked me where I had been.表示请求、劝告、建议等意义的疑问句变为间接引语
17、表示请求、劝告、建议等意义的疑问句变为间接引语：suggest + doing或或ask/advise +宾语宾语+动词不定式。动词不定式。eg “What about starting early tomorrow morning?” Jack said. Jack suggested starting early tomorrow morning.“Why dont you take the rest of the day off?” asked my assistant.My assistant advised me to take the rest of the day off.祈使句
18、祈使句动词动词+宾语宾语+不定式。常见引述动词有不定式。常见引述动词有tell, order, ask, warn。如果祈使句为否定式，则在不定式前加。如果祈使句为否定式，则在不定式前加not。eg He said to Ann, “Tell me your problem.” He told Ann to tell him her problem. “Be careful with the dog, boys,” she said. She warned the boys to be careful with the dog. “Dont work in bed, Tom,” she sai
19、d. She told Tom not to work in bed. 句型转换 （1）He said，“Ive left my book in your room.” He told me he his book in my room. （2）She said，“Do you like watching the advertisements on TV?” She asked me I watching the advertisements on TV. （3）“Where did you find the ads for jobs abroad?” Bill asked. Bill ask
20、ed the ads for jobs abroad. that whether where I had foundlikedhad left 句型转换 （4）“What are you doing now?” Mom asked. Mom asked then. （5）He said，“Please come here again tomorrow.” He again . （6）He said，“Dont make so much noise，boys.” He told the boys so much noise. what I was doingasked me to go there not to make the next dayThank You!
