1、Discovering Useful Structures一、概念一、概念 He said, “It is too late.”直接引语: 直接引用别人的原话直接引用别人的原话,并在原话前后加引号。并在原话前后加引号。 He said that it was too late.间接引语: 用自己的话转述他人的话用自己的话转述他人的话,多数情况下以宾语从多数情况下以宾语从句的形式呈现。句的形式呈现。二、直接引语和间接引语的转换规则二、直接引语和间接引语的转换规则1. 人称的变化人称的变化 She said, “I am hungry.”She said she was hungry. Mum s
2、aid to me, “You can clean your bedroom tomorrow.”Mum told me that I could clean my bedroom the next day. Mr Smith said, “He is a good worker.”Mr Smith said that he was a good worker.一随主二随宾三不变【应用实践】【应用实践】句型转换。句型转换。He said, “I like it very much.”He said that liked it very much. He said to me, “You tol
3、d me this story.”He told me that had told that story. He said to me, “Shes left her book in your room.”He told me that had left book in my room. heIhimsheher2. 时态的变化 “I am very glad to visit your school,” she said.She said that she was very glad to visit our school. People said, “We were shocked by
4、the news photo of a dead polar bear.”People said that they had been shocked by the news photo of a dead polar bear. Tom said, “Ill do it after class.”Tom said that he would do it after class. The boy said, “Im learning English.”The boy said that he was learning English. Mother said, “I have not wash
5、ed your shirt.”Mother said that she had not washed my shirt. The boy said, “I had finished my homework before watching TV.” The boy said that he had finished his homework before watching TV. 【探究总结】【探究总结】 (1)如果如果主句是一般过去时,直接引语变为间接引语时直接引语变为间接引语时,从句在时态方从句在时态方面要做相应的变化。具体变化如下表面要做相应的变化。具体变化如下表:直接引语直接引语间接引语
6、间接引语一般现在时一般现在时 _一般过去时一般过去时 _一般将来时一般将来时 _现在进行时现在进行时 _现在完成时现在完成时 _过去完成时过去完成时 _一般过去时过去完成时过去将来时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时(2)下面几种情况，直接引语变间接引语时，下面几种情况，直接引语变间接引语时，时态不发生变化:直接引语如果是直接引语如果是科学真理、名言警句或谚语科学真理、名言警句或谚语，变为间接引语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。时，时态不变。直接引语中有直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间，变为间接引语时，时态不变。接引语时，时态不变。如果如果主句是一般
7、现在时或将来时主句是一般现在时或将来时，直接引语变为间接引语时，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态通常不变。时态通常不变。【应用实践】句型转换。【应用实践】句型转换。 Tom said, “We are listening to the pop music.” Tom said that they _ _ to the pop music. The expert said, “We human beings can save the polar bears from extinction.”The expert said that we human beings _ _ the polar bear
8、s from extinction. She often says, “All men and women are equal under the law.”She often says that all men and women equal under the law. “I took the little bird home,” she said.She said that she _ _ the little bird home. Mr Li said, “Ill leave for Shanghai.”Mr Li said that he _ _ for Shanghai. were
9、 listeningcould savearehad takenwould leave3. 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化 The lawyer said, “I will come this morning.”The lawyer said that she/he would go that morning. He said, “These books are mine.” He said that those books were his. She said, “It is nine oclock now.”She said that it was nine oclock
10、then. Bob said, “My sister was here three days ago.”Bob said that his sister had been here three days before/earlier. David said, “I havent seen her today.”David said that he hadnt seen her that day.3. 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化 She said, “I went there yesterday.”She said that she had gone there the da
11、y before. She said, “Ill go there tomorrow.”She said that she would go there the next/following day. The captain said, “They will arrive the day after tomorrow.”The captain said that they would arrive in two days time. She said, “I came here to see the doctor the day before yesterday.”She said that
12、she had gone there to see the doctor two days before/earlier. 用词用词直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语指示代词指示代词this_ these_ 地点状语地点状语here_ 方向性动词方向性动词come _bringtakethatthosetherego用词用词直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语时间状语时间状语now_ ago_ today_ yesterday_ tomorrow_ the day after tomorrow_ the day before yesterday_ tonightthat nightlast nigh
13、tthe night beforenext weekthe next/following weekthis morningthat morningthenbefore/earlierthat daythe day beforethe next/following dayin two days timetwo days before/earlier【应用实践】句型转换。【应用实践】句型转换。Mr Li said, “This is my seat.”Mr Li said that was his seat. Miss Zhao said, “These problems are easy.”Mi
14、ss Zhao said that problems were easy.She said, “I havent finished my work today.”She said that she hadnt finished her work _ _. Tom said, “I will visit the Great Wall tomorrow.”Tom said that he would visit the Great Wall _ _ _. Bob said, “My wife returned 40 minutes ago.”Bob said that his wife had r
15、eturned 40 minutes . She said to me, “Ill bring the boys here to help you this afternoon.”She told me that she would the boys to help me _ _. thatthosethat daythe next/following daybefore/earliertaketherethat afternoon 4. 句式变化句式变化 Tom said to me, “I have been to Japan twice.”Tom told me that he had
16、been to Japan twice. He said, “Do you know the reason for global warming?”He asked if/whether we knew the reason for global warming. “Why has Earth got warmer and warmer?” he asked.He asked why Earth had got warmer and warmer. 陈述句用that引导宾语从句 一般疑问句用whether/ if 引导宾语从句 特殊疑问句用原特殊疑问词引导宾语从句【应用实践】【应用实践】句型转
17、换。句型转换。He said, “I will be doing my homework then.”He said he would be doing his homework then. “Did you see her last week?” he said.He asked I had seen her the week before. “Where have you been these days?” he asked.He asked me I had been those days. thatif/whetherwhere三、三、祈使句变间接引语1. 基本变化规则基本变化规则 S
18、he said to us, “Please have a rest.” She asked us to have a rest. The old man said, “Dont smoke in the hall.”The old man told me not to smoke in the hall. 2. 谓语动词的变化谓语动词的变化 Father said to me, “Open the window.”Father told me to open the window. “Never come here again!” the officer said to the villag
19、ers. The officer ordered the villagers never to go there again. “Lets go out for a walk,” he said to us. He advised us to go out for a walk. “Please pass me that book,” she said to John.She asked John to pass her that book.巧记祈使句变间接引语去掉引号要加to;ask、order须记住,直引若是否定式;not加在to前部。【应用实践】【应用实践】句型转换。句型转换。“Do b
20、e careful with your handwriting,” he said. He told me _ _ careful _ _ handwriting. “Dont take off your coats,” she said to the children. She told the children _ _ take off _ coats. Father said, “Dont stay up late, Lily.”Father told Lily _ _ stay up late. to bewith mynot totheirnot to【应用实践】句型转换。【应用实践
21、】句型转换。The officer said, “Go away.” The officer us away. “Go and wash your face, Tom,” mother said.Mother Tom and his face. “Let me go out to play for a while, mum,” Tom said.Tom his mum go out to play for a while. “Dont touch my book, please,” Wei Fang said to him. Wei Fang touch book. Mother said to me, “Eat more vegetables.”Mother me more vegetables. Mother said to me, “Come back before 10:00.”Mother me back before 10:00. orderedto gotoldto gowashaskedto let himasked him not toheradvisedto eattoldto go
