1、1. Connect the sentences using relative pronouns of adverbs. then put the sentences in the correct order to compose a passage.1 The Crescent Moon is perhaps the most famous collection of childrens poems. It is known to people in China.2 There are also many poems written from a childs perspective. In
2、 these poems the poet Tagore shows a sympathetic understanding of childrens feelings.3 The English version of the book contains nearly 50 poems,the focus of the poems is on the parent-child relationship.4 The initial poems were written from the perspective of a mother. The mother loves her baby at p
3、lay and at rest, in laughter and in tears.5. Many people love toread this collection of poems. The reason is that they can feel the warmth of love and enjoy the innocence of childhood.6 It was written by the Indian poet Tagore. Tagore was the first Asian to win the Nobel Prize in Literature.thatin w
4、hich which who The reason why many people love to read this collection of poemswho1534621.In these poems the poet Tagore shows a sympathetic understanding of childrens feelings.在这些诗中，诗人泰戈尔表现了对孩子感情的同情理解。在这些诗中，诗人泰戈尔表现了对孩子感情的同情理解。sympathetic adj.同情的；有同情心的；赞同的同情的；有同情心的；赞同的be sympathetic to/towards sb. /
5、sth. 同情同情/支持某人，赞同某事支持某人，赞同某事sympathy n.同情；赞同同情；赞同feel/have sympathy for sb. 同情某人同情某人in sympathy with.赞同；支持；因赞同；支持；因而出现而出现out of sympathy出于同情出于同情sympathetically adv.同情地同情地(1)I didnt feel at all sympathetic towards Kate who was always rude to me.我对凯特一点儿也不同情，她对我一直都很粗鲁。我对凯特一点儿也不同情，她对我一直都很粗鲁。(2)The newsp
6、apers are largely (sympathy) to the president.报纸大都支持总统。报纸大都支持总统。(3)I have sympathy Jane.Its not all her own fault.我同情简，不都是她自己的错。我同情简，不都是她自己的错。(4)The seamen went on strike in sympathy the workers.海员们进行罢工，表示对工人们的支持。海员们进行罢工，表示对工人们的支持。(5)We hope this application will be treated (sympathetic).我们希望这份申请能得到
7、妥善处理。我们希望这份申请能得到妥善处理。sympatheticforwithsympatheticallyThe reason is that they can feel the warmth of love and enjoy the innocence of childhood.原因是他们能感觉到爱的温暖、享受童年的纯真。原因是他们能感觉到爱的温暖、享受童年的纯真。本句中的本句中的that引导表语从句。引导表语从句。The reason is that.原因是原因是类似结构还有：类似结构还有：This/That is because.这这/那是因为那是因为，because引导表语从句，表
8、示原因。引导表语从句，表示原因。This/That is why.这这/那就是为什么那就是为什么，why引导表语从句，表示结果。引导表语从句，表示结果。The reason why.is that.的原因是的原因是，why引导定语从句，引导定语从句，that引引导表语从句导表语从句(切记不可用切记不可用because)，that从句表示原因。从句表示原因。(1)He failed the exam.That was because he was too careless.他考试失败了，那是因为他太粗心了。他考试失败了，那是因为他太粗心了。(2)She had seen that film.Th
9、at was she didnt see it last night.她看过那部电影，所以昨晚她没有去看。她看过那部电影，所以昨晚她没有去看。(3)The reason she didnt see the film last night was she had seen it before.昨晚她没去看电影的原因是她以前看过这部电影。昨晚她没去看电影的原因是她以前看过这部电影。whythatwhyTagore was the first Asian to win the Nobel Prize in Literature.泰戈尔泰戈尔是第一个获得诺贝尔文学奖的亚洲人。是第一个获得诺贝尔文学奖的
10、亚洲人。句中不定式短语句中不定式短语to win the Nobel Prize in Literature作后置定语，修饰作后置定语，修饰the first Asian。当中心词是序数词或被序数词修饰时，常用不定式。当中心词是序数词或被序数词修饰时，常用不定式(短语短语)作作后置定语。后置定语。英语中常用不定式英语中常用不定式(短语短语)作后置定语的情况：作后置定语的情况：被修饰词为序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时；被修饰词为序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时；不定代词不定代词something，nothing，little等后常用不定式作定语；等后常用不定
11、式作定语；抽象名词抽象名词way，chance，ability，courage，opportunity，wish等后等后常用不定式作定语；常用不定式作定语；被修饰词前有被修饰词前有the only，the very，the next等词对其进行修饰时；等词对其进行修饰时；表示将要发生的动作时表示将要发生的动作时(既有主动形式，也有被动形式既有主动形式，也有被动形式)。(1)He is always the first to come and the last to leave.他总是第一个来，最后一个走。他总是第一个来，最后一个走。(2)Will you attend the meeting
12、(hold) tomorrow？你会参加明天举行的会议吗？你会参加明天举行的会议吗？(3)You are the only person (go) abroad for further study in our company.你是我们公司去国外进修的唯一人选。你是我们公司去国外进修的唯一人选。(4)Thank you for giving me the chance (make) a speech.谢谢你给我发言的机会。谢谢你给我发言的机会。返 回to be heldto goto make If you study the history of English literature,you
13、 will find the names of Robert and Elizabeth Barrett Browning,_were one of the most romantic literary couples of the Victorian era. Elizabeth Barrett started to write poetry from about the age of six. In1844,Elizabeths Poems brought her great _(succeed) and also attracted the admiration of poet Robe
14、rt Browning. Browning fell in love with her poetry and then they entered into personal correspondence. The couple exchanged many letters,_ obviously helped sow the seeds of love between the two. Elizabeth had been ill for many years.She stayed at home and almost never saw visitors. Browning was sure
15、 about his love, so he found a way to visit her, and immediately _ (convince) her to become his bride. However,their subsequent marriage was carried out in secret _ her father was a dominant and selfish man_ would refuse to let his daughter go.The couple moved to Italy in 1846,_ Elizabeth lived for
16、the rest of her life.Browning had a great influence on Elizabeths writing.The best evidence_ can be found is Sonnets from the Portuguese _ were written during the time _ she was in love with Robert Browning.who which because whowherethatwhen thatconvincedsuccessBrowning fell in love with her poetry
17、and then they entered into personal correspondence.布朗宁爱上了她的诗，然后他们就开始私人通信了。布朗宁爱上了她的诗，然后他们就开始私人通信了。correspondence n.来往信件；通信联系；通信；相符，相似；一致，来往信件；通信联系；通信；相符，相似；一致，相当相当in correspondence with与与有通信联系；与有通信联系；与一致一致correspond vi.通信；相类似；相应；一致；符合通信；相类似；相应；一致；符合correspond with sb. 与某人通信与某人通信correspond to相当于相当于；类似
18、于；类似于correspond with/to与与一致；符合一致；符合(1)Have you been corresponding with him since you graduated from the university?自从大学毕业后，你一直和他通信吗？自从大学毕业后，你一直和他通信吗？(2)The translation does not correspond the original，which made us all confused.译文不符合原意，这使我们都很迷惑。译文不符合原意，这使我们都很迷惑。句型转换句型转换(3)Your account of events does
19、 not correspond with hers.Your account of events does not hers.Your account of events is not hers.to/withagree within correspondence withconvince vt.说服，劝说（某人做某事）；使确信，使相信，使信服convince sb.to do sth. 说服某人做某事convince sb.of sth. 使某人相信某事convince sb. (that) 使某人相信convinced adj.深信的，确信的（指人的感受）convincing adj.令人
20、信服的（指事物特性）convincingly adv.令人信服地，有说服力地 Browning was sure about his love, so he found a way to visit her, and immediately convinced her to become his bride. 1. I hope this will convince you to change your mind.我希望这会说服你改变主意。2.If we want to protect the environment，we must clarify the problems and convi
21、nce people of the necessity to take action.我们如果想保护环境，就必须阐明问题并使人们相信采取行动的必要性。3Its useless trying to convince her (that) she doesnt need to lose any weight.要让她相信她无需减肥是徒劳的。感知以下课文原句，补全方框下的小题感知以下课文原句，补全方框下的小题(1)There are various reasons why people compose poetry.(2)Some of the first poems a young child le
22、arns in English are nursery rhymes.(3)One of the simplest kinds of poem is the “list poem”，which contains a list of things，people，ideas，or descriptions that develop a particular theme.(4)List poems have a flexible line length and repeated phrases which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem.(5
23、)Another simple form of poem that amateurs can easily write is the cinquain，which is made up of five lines.(6)Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that consists of 17 syllables.(7)The haiku poem on the right is a translation from Japanese，which shows a moment in the life of a delicate butterfly.1.在上述句
24、子中，句在上述句子中，句(1)、(2)、(4)，句，句(5)的第一处加颜色部分和句的第一处加颜色部分和句(6)是是 定语从句；句定语从句；句(3)的加颜色部分和句的加颜色部分和句(5)的第二处加颜色部分是的第二处加颜色部分是 定语从句。定语从句。2.句句(2)中省略了定语从句的关系词。中省略了定语从句的关系词。3.句句(1)中是中是 引导定语从句；句引导定语从句；句(3)、(4)、(5)、(6)、(7)都是都是_ 引导定语从句。引导定语从句。限制性限制性非限制性非限制性关系副词关系副词关系关系代词代词在复合句中，修饰某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句叫定语从句在复合句中，修饰某一名词、代词或整个主
25、句的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词先行词，连接先行词和定语从句的词叫，连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词关系词。关系词的主要作用是连接主句和从句，同时指代先行词，并在。关系词的主要作用是连接主句和从句，同时指代先行词，并在从句中充当一定的句子成分。关系词分为从句中充当一定的句子成分。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词关系代词和关系副词两种，关两种，关系代词有系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose等；关系副词有等；关系副词有when，where，why。一、定语从句的 相关概念理解三、关系代词的具体用法三、关系代词的具体用法who指人，
26、在定语从句中作主语或宾语；指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略；常可省略；which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略；指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略；that指人时，相当于指人时，相当于who或或whom；指物时，相当于；指物时，相当于which；在定语从句中作；在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略；主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略；whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。作定语。The person that/who tricked me was one of
27、 my classmates.骗我的那个人是我的一个同学。骗我的那个人是我的一个同学。The old man (that/whom) the girl had tricked was my grandfather.女孩欺骗的那位老人是我的爷爷。女孩欺骗的那位老人是我的爷爷。The gold medal (that/which) she won has been given to her old school.她曾经获得的那块金牌已经被送给她的母校了。她曾经获得的那块金牌已经被送给她的母校了。The woman (that/whom) I read about in the newspaper
28、has just won a gold medal.我在报纸上读到的那位女士刚刚赢得了一枚金牌。我在报纸上读到的那位女士刚刚赢得了一枚金牌。This is the person whose story surprised everybody.就是这个人的故事让所有人吃了一惊。就是这个人的故事让所有人吃了一惊。温馨提示温馨提示 1.宜用宜用that不宜用不宜用which的情况的情况(1)当先行词是当先行词是all，little，much，something，anything，everything，nothing，some等不定代词时。等不定代词时。All that can be done has
29、 been done.一切能做的都已经做完了。一切能做的都已经做完了。(2)当先行词被当先行词被all，every，some，any，little，much，the only，the very，the right，the last，just等修饰时。等修饰时。Music is the only thing that interests me.音乐是唯一令我感兴趣的东西。音乐是唯一令我感兴趣的东西。(3)当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。This is the most interesting story
30、that I have ever read.这是我曾经读过的最有趣的故事。这是我曾经读过的最有趣的故事。(4)当先行词中既有人又有物时。当先行词中既有人又有物时。She described in her composition the people and places that impressed her most.她在作文中描述了令她印象最深刻的一些人和地方。她在作文中描述了令她印象最深刻的一些人和地方。2.宜用宜用which不宜用不宜用that的情况的情况(1)关系代词前有介词时。关系代词前有介词时。The house in which I used to live has become
31、 a shoe shop.我过去住的房子现在变成了一家鞋店。我过去住的房子现在变成了一家鞋店。(2)在非限制性定语从句中。在非限制性定语从句中。Have you ever read the book，which was written by a young girl?你曾读过一个年轻女孩写的这本书吗？你曾读过一个年轻女孩写的这本书吗？3.宜用宜用who不宜用不宜用that的情况的情况(1)当先行词是指人的不定代词时，如：当先行词是指人的不定代词时，如：one，ones，anyone等。等。Anyone who does that must be mad.谁那样做都一定是疯了。谁那样做都一定是疯
32、了。(2)当先行词是人称代词当先行词是人称代词I，you，he，they等时等时(常用于谚语中常用于谚语中)。He who doesnt reach the Great Wall is not a true man.不到长城非好汉。不到长城非好汉。(3)当先行词为指人的当先行词为指人的those时。时。Those who have good manners will be highly respected.那些有礼貌的人会受到人们的高度尊重。那些有礼貌的人会受到人们的高度尊重。(4)在在there be结构中，先行词指人时。结构中，先行词指人时。There is a young man who
33、 wants to see you.有一个年轻人想见你。有一个年轻人想见你。4.whose指物时，常用下列结构来代替指物时，常用下列结构来代替The classroom whose door is broken can hold 40 students.The classroom the door of which is broken can hold 40 students.The classroom of which the door is broken can hold 40 students.那间被弄坏了门的教室能容纳那间被弄坏了门的教室能容纳40个学生。个学生。四、关系副词引导的定语
34、从句四、关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词的指代及功能关系副词的指代及功能关系副词关系副词先行词先行词功能功能 when表示时间的名词表示时间的名词时间状语时间状语 where表示地点的名词表示地点的名词地点状语地点状语 why reason原因状语原因状语I still remember the time when I first traveled by plane.我仍然记得第一次坐飞机旅行的时候。我仍然记得第一次坐飞机旅行的时候。Id like to live in the house where there is plenty of sunshine.我喜欢住在那个阳光充足的房子里。我喜
35、欢住在那个阳光充足的房子里。Can you tell me the reason why you didnt come to his birthday party?你能告诉我你没参加他的生日宴会的原因吗？你能告诉我你没参加他的生日宴会的原因吗？温馨提示温馨提示 表示时间、地点及原因的名词作先行词时，定语从句可用关系代词引导，表示时间、地点及原因的名词作先行词时，定语从句可用关系代词引导，也可用关系副词引导。也可用关系副词引导。若先行词在定语从句中作状语，应用关系副词；若若先行词在定语从句中作状语，应用关系副词；若先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则应用关系代词。先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则
36、应用关系代词。试比较：试比较： Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night?你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？(when在从句中作状语在从句中作状语)Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm?你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？(that或或which作作spent的宾语的宾语)I dont know the reason why he d
37、idnt turn to his good friend for help yesterday.我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。(why作原因状语作原因状语)I wont listen to the reason that/which you have given us.我坚决不听你提供给我们的那个理由。我坚决不听你提供给我们的那个理由。(定语从句中缺少宾语，所以用定语从句中缺少宾语，所以用which/that，不用，不用why)三、三、“介词关系代词介词关系代词”引导的定语从句引导的定语从句当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，我们通常用当关系
38、代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，我们通常用“介词关系代介词关系代词词”引导定语从句。如果指引导定语从句。如果指“人人”，用，用“介词介词whom”；如果指；如果指“物物”，用用“介词介词which”；关系代词有时也用；关系代词有时也用whose(作定语作定语)。选用介词的依据：选用介词的依据：1.根据定语从句中根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯谓语动词的搭配习惯(即固定短语即固定短语)。Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is famous.昨天我们参观了西湖，杭州因其而出名。昨天我们参观了西湖，杭州因其而出名。(be fa
39、mous for因因而出名而出名)2.根据先行词的搭配习惯根据先行词的搭配习惯(约定俗成，不一定是短语约定俗成，不一定是短语)。This is the camera with which he often takes photos.这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。(with camera用照相机用照相机)The boss in whose company Mr King worked heard about the accident.金先生所工作的公司的老板听说了这起事故。金先生所工作的公司的老板听说了这起事故。(in the boss company)3.根据句子的意
40、思来选择。根据句子的意思来选择。The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.这种无色的、离了它我们就无法生存的气体是氧气。这种无色的、离了它我们就无法生存的气体是氧气。4.表示表示“所有所有”关系或关系或“整体中的一部分整体中的一部分”时，通常用介词时，通常用介词of。I have about 10 books，half of which were written by Mo Yan.我有大约我有大约10本书，其中一半是莫言写的。本书，其中一半是莫言写的。温馨提示温馨提示 在定语从句中，有一些含介词的动词短语不
41、可拆开使用，如在定语从句中，有一些含介词的动词短语不可拆开使用，如look after，look for等不能把介词移至等不能把介词移至which或或whom之前。之前。The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.(正正)The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy.(误误)五、非限制性定语从句五、非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不是十分密切，只是对先行词或主句非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不是十分密切，只是对先行词或主句做些附
42、加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。这种从句和主句之间往往做些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开。引导非限制性定语从句的关系词与引导限制性定语从句的关系用逗号分开。引导非限制性定语从句的关系词与引导限制性定语从句的关系词略有不同。词略有不同。除除that和和why不能引导非限制性定语从句外，其他都可以。不能引导非限制性定语从句外，其他都可以。He is English，which I know from his accent.他是英国人，我通过他的口音知道这一点。他是英国人，我通过他的口音知道这一点。I heard a terrible noise，wh
43、ich brought my heart into my mouth.我听到了一个可怕的声音，这使我非常害怕。我听到了一个可怕的声音，这使我非常害怕。温馨提示温馨提示关系代词关系代词as和和which的区别的区别as和和which都可以引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为整个主句或主句中的一都可以引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为整个主句或主句中的一部分内容，先行词在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语；部分内容，先行词在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语；as和和which都不可省都不可省略，有时两者可以互换。略，有时两者可以互换。He married her，as/which was natural.他跟她结婚了
44、，这是很自然的事。他跟她结婚了，这是很自然的事。下列情况通常只用下列情况通常只用as而不用而不用which：当定语从句置于主句前面时，用当定语从句置于主句前面时，用as不用不用which。As you see，the Chinese people are hard-working.(定语从句在句首定语从句在句首)你知道，中国人民是勤劳的。你知道，中国人民是勤劳的。注意下面句子的多种表达方法：注意下面句子的多种表达方法：众所周知，月球每月绕地球转一圈。众所周知，月球每月绕地球转一圈。As is known to everybody，the moon travels round the earth
45、 once every month.The moon travels round the earth once every month，as/which is known to everybody.It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.What is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month.( (后两句属名词性从句范畴）后两句属名词性从句范畴）六、使用定语从句的
46、注意事项六、使用定语从句的注意事项1.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词要和先行词的关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词要和先行词的数保持一致。数保持一致。Those who are over 45 wont be permitted into the hall.超过超过45岁的人不允许进入大厅。岁的人不允许进入大厅。温馨提示温馨提示“one of复数名词复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用复数形式；作先行词，谓语动词用复数形式；“the only one of复数名词复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用单数形式。作先行词，谓语动词用单数形式。This is one of the
47、 books which were written by Charles Dickens.这是查尔斯这是查尔斯狄更斯所写的书中的其中一本。狄更斯所写的书中的其中一本。He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned French.他是我们班里唯一一个学过法语的男孩。他是我们班里唯一一个学过法语的男孩。2.为避免关系词的重复，被关系代词所代替的成分不可在从句中重复出现。为避免关系词的重复，被关系代词所代替的成分不可在从句中重复出现。This is the factory which we visited last Sunday
48、.(visited后不可加后不可加it)这就是我们上星期天参观过的工厂。这就是我们上星期天参观过的工厂。返 回.单句语法填空单句语法填空1.The reason why he failed was he was always lazy.2.He is the first person (get) such a chance in this village.3.The editor asked me to get the new article (polish) again.4.When I walked past，our monitor was putting the new notice.5
49、.Sometimes the best thing one can do is listen openly and _(sympathetic).6.The judges decision is final and no (correspond) will be entered into.7.The fact is that there was a great (vary) between individuals.8.People were (prejudice) against Deirdre before they met her.thatto getpolishedupsympathet
50、icallycorrespondencevariationprejudiced.单句语法填空单句语法填空1.He is the man has offered some useful advice.2.It is the most interesting book he has ever read.3.He is the boy of we are proud in our school.4.The building doors are white is an office building.5.Anyone has helped to save the old man is worth pr
