1、Unit4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGEVocabulary (3)American banjo player and singer Abigail Washburn performs for a group of Chinese kids in Sichuan in 2008, shortly after a devastating earthquake killed about 70,000 people there.banjo/bnd /n. 班卓琴(乐器)A man receives a COVID-19 test at a mobile testing site in
2、Times Square, New York, the United States, July 20, 2021. US fails miserably in COVID-19 response. Lila Blanks holds the casket of her husband, Gregory Blanks, 50, who died of COVID-19, ahead of his funeral in San Felipe, Texas, Jan 26, 2021. For more than a year, the United States response to the C
3、OVID-19 pandemic has been a miserable failure, both nationally and internationally, said a report released on Monday.miserable /mzrbl / adj. 痛苦的；令人难受的miserably英 mzrbli 美 mzrbli adv. 悲惨地；糟糕地You made Grace Howlands life miserable.你使格雷斯豪兰的生活痛苦不堪。She failed miserably in her latest business.她在最近的一次生意中失败得
4、很惨。miserable, sorrowful, sorry, unhappy这四个词都可表示“难过”。其区别是：sorry指因自己或他人的不幸引起的伤感,带有遗憾和惋惜的色彩; miserable指因身体、精神和外界因素引起的痛苦; unhappy指“不高兴”“心情不快”,有时也表示较为长久的不满意; sorrowful意为“悲哀的,悲伤的”,语气比sorry要强的多。例如:The childs cold, hungry and tired, so of course hes feeling miserable.这孩子疲惫不堪,又冷又饿,他当然感到非常难受。I could see how u
5、nhappy she was from her sorrowful face.从她满面愁容的表情我能看出她是多么的不愉快。The ship will be reloaded with the containers that had been removed and continue its voyage to its next port of call in Norfolk. voyage/vd /n.& vi. 航海；航行This is the virgin voyage of the ship.这是这艘船的处女航。The ship hit heavy fog on its voyage.船
6、在航行时碰上了大雾。She went on a long sea voyage.她乘船在海上长途旅行。Once the voyage comes to an end.旅程结束之际。Happiness is a voyage, not a destination.快乐是旅程，不是目的地。查看更多用作动词 (v.)My dream is to voyage around the world in a hot air balloon.我的梦想是乘着热气球周游世界。They planned to voyage across the Pacific Ocean.他们计划做穿越太平洋的旅行。辨析voyag
7、e/journey/travel/trip(1)voyage 主要指水上或空中的旅行，是正式用语。(2)journey 多指有目的地的单程陆地长途旅行(也可指水上或空中的旅行)，有时也可指经常走的或长或短的路程。(3)travel 意义广泛，可以指所有的旅行和游历，不分时间长短，不论路途远近，不强调用什么交通工具。(4)trip 是非正式用语，常指时间较短、距离较近的旅行，并意味着旅行结束后要回到原地。拓展go on a voyage 去旅行make a voyage to.去旅行运用用上面所提供的辨析词填空We made a _ to Australia by water.Today is
8、a good day for a _._ is much cheaper than it used to be.He is going to make a long _ to the South Pole.voyage/journey trip Travel journey The PLA Navy conducts exercises.navy / nevi/ n. 海军；海军部队Secretary Stimson urged Roosevelt to order the navy to convoy British and Allied merchant ships all the way
9、 from American to British ports.史汀生部长力促罗斯福下令海军对英国与盟国船队从美国港口到英国港口进行全程护航。Wheres my navy (blue) suit?我那套海军蓝的西装在哪儿?navy的意思是“海军”, the Navynavy指“海军部队”,是可数集合名词,用作主语时其谓语可用作单数形式,也可用作复数形式。navigator n. 航海家；领航员；导航仪build a navy 建立一支海军enter the navy 参加海军equip a navy 装备海军organize a navy 编组海军strengthen a navy 加强海军C
10、ustomers inspect a vehicle at a Li Auto dealership in Foshan, South Chinas Guangdong province. Range-extended vehicles decent alternatives to EVsdecent / disnt/adj. 相当不错的；正派的；得体的decently adv.正派地，高雅地Are there any decent restaurants around here?这附近有没有好的餐厅？He dreamed of living in decent conditions.他梦想着
11、过体面的生活。The lack of decent public transport is a great disadvantage.没有适当的公共交通工具是很不方便的。John and his wife Leah are very decent people.约翰是他的妻子丽亚都是非常正派的人。A cosy coffee shop in the Dongximen village, where people can enjoy a leisure time while touring the village. cosy/ kzi / adj. 温馨的；舒适的用作形容词 (adj.)He li
12、ves in a cosy little room.他住在一个舒适的小屋里。Oh dear, thought Brown, Its going to be one of those cosy chat sessions.“哦，天哪，”布朗想，“又得来一次亲切友好的谈话了。”用作动词 (v.)He has been accused of cosying up to the new US president.他被指责讨好新任美国总统。The Communist Party of China does not have its own interests and Party officials sh
13、ould not harbor any selfish interests, said Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, urging Party officials to put all their efforts into ensuring the people live a good life.He made the remark while visiting Maona, a village in the city of Wuzhishan, on Monday, the second day of
14、his inspection tour in the southern island province of Hainan.selfish /self/ adj. 自私的 selfless adj. 无私的；不考虑自己的 selfishly adv. 自私地,利己地 selfishness n.自私 A selfish person always thinks about himself.一个自私的人总是想着自己。I am becoming more and more irritated by his selfish behaviour.我对他那种自私的行为愈加恼火起来。I call his
15、behaviour mean and selfish.我认为他的行为卑鄙、 自私。Hong Kong star Louis Koo will soon present a new image in his upcoming comedy Meow.In the latest trailer of the film, a sci-fi movie featuring Koo and Chinese mainland actress Ma Li, Koo is seen wearing a thick wig.Koo, who is mostly known for playing tough g
16、uys or villains in crime thrillers, is a weak husband who fears his bad-tempered wife in the film.good/bad-tempered adj. 脾气好的/坏的temper n. 脾气；性情 vt. 使缓和；调和；锻炼He slammed the door in a temper.他生气地摔门。You should learn to keep your temper under control.你应该学会控制自己的脾气。If you temper criticism with reason,ever
17、yone can obey you.如果以说理来缓和批评，谁都会服从你。Short of being able to prove hes completely negligent, all we can do is our best to temper his actions.除了证明他在监护上的完全疏忽，我们只能尽最大努力调和他的行为。Difficult circumstances can temper ones will.艰苦的环境能磨练人的意志。He decided to temper himself in grass-roots unit.他已经决定到基层去锻炼。 As soon as
18、 the winter vacation started, Lu Yantong, a sophomore at the Beijing International Studies University, packed her bags and moved to the Beijing Yanqing Winter Olympic Village with friends to report for work as a volunteer. As well as being able to volunteer for the Olympics, Lu feels even more fortu
19、nate because her father is also volunteering nearby. Lu said that in the process, the head of the delegation demonstrated genuine care for the volunteers, saying be careful, be careful and asking them if they were tired and whether they needed to rest.genuine/ denjun/ adj. 真正的；真诚的；可信赖的genuinely adv.
20、真正地，真诚地He has a genuine desire to help us.他真心诚意地愿意帮助我们。A genuine friend will not desert you in time of adversity.真正的朋友不会在患难时弃你而去。genuine, authentic这两个词都有“真正的”“非伪造的”意思。1.genuine指货真价实的、纯粹的、纯种的、正宗的; authentic指来源真实的,非模仿的。2.genuine还有“真诚的”意思。Medical workers travel along the Bund in Shanghai after finishin
21、g work late at night.Long, the truck driver, said he feels exhausted. But I can carry onits what I should do amid the pandemic, and what I have done to date embodies my personal values, he said.He added that he is able to persevere in the fight against COVID-19 because of his familys understanding,
22、support and encouragement.persevere / psv(r) / vi. 坚持；孜孜以求 perseverance/ psvrns / n. 毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神When things get difficult, you just have to grit your teeth and persevere.遇到困难只需咬紧牙关坚持下去。If you persevere with work, youll succeed in the end.你如果把工作坚持下去，最终会取得成功的。He was hopeless at French, but his teach
23、er persevered with him.他怎么也学不会法语,可是老师仍锲而不舍地帮助他。Although he is in poor health,he still perseveres in his studies.尽管他身体不好，他仍孜孜不倦地学习。insist，persist，persevere这些动词均有“坚持”之意。insist通常用于对意见、主张等的坚持。persist用于褒义指坚持继续做某事，但更常用于贬义，指不听劝告，顽固坚持。persevere含褒义，强调坚持不懈的努力。Greg still insists (that) he did nothing wrong.If
24、he persists in asking awkward questions, then send him to the boss.如果他没完没了地问令人尴尬的问题，就把他打发到老板那里去。The education director is persevering in his attempt to obtain additional funding for the school.教育主管在坚持不懈地为该校争取更多资金。Nanjing University celebrates its 120th anniversary on May 20, 2022.They also expressed
25、 their resolve to carry forward fine traditions and shoulder their mission of making China a stronger nation.resolve / rzlv/vi.&vt. 决定；决心；解决(问题或困难) n.决心；坚定的信念 resolve to do.决心做决心做 resolve on doing.决定做 resolution/rezlun /n. 决议；解决；坚定 make a resolution to do.下定决心做His letter resolved all our doubts.他的信使
26、我们的疑虑都消除了。He resolved to do better work in the future.他决定以后要更努力工作。He resolved that nothing should hold back.他决心不为任何阻碍所挫。It was resolved that our school has a lunchroom.我们学校决定开辟一间午餐厅。The mixture will resolve into two simple substances.这种混合物可分解为两种简单物质。The director has resolved on a plan to save the fi
27、rm.主任决定实施一项计划以挽救公司。He resolved on doing better work in the future.他决定以后要更努力工作。Making resolution on new years day is a custom that still prevail.在新年这一天下决心是一个依然流行的习俗。solve，resolve这两个动词均含“解决”之意。solve普通用词，含义广，指为有一定难度的问题找到满意的解法或答复。resolve主要指对问题或情况进行细微的分析或思索，以得出结论或解决途径。resolve, decide, determine, fix, mak
28、e up ones mind, settle这组词(组)都有“决定”的意思。其区别在于:1.decide是普通用词,指经过讨论、思考消除分歧而对是非、优劣、取舍等问题“作出决定”; resolve强调信念的目的性; 而settle则强调最后的“决定”。例如:From that moment she resolved to trace the unknown element.从那时起,她决心找出这种未知的元素。He resolved that nothing should hold back.他决心不为任何阻碍所挫。The heavy rain might settle the changeab
29、le weather.这场大雨也许能使变幻不定的天气稳定下来。2.determine强调“意志坚定”“不可动摇”,也常用于科技方面通过调查或认真思考后作出“决定”或“确定”。例如:His advice determined me against further delay.他的劝告使我决定不再拖延。He is determined to break away all the bad habits.他决心改掉所有坏习惯。An X-ray determined that no bones were broken.经X光测定,没有发生骨折。3.fix指经过考虑和商议后作出决定,强调不再改变。例如:O
30、nce the aim is fixed, we should not change it arbitrarily.目标一经确定,我们就不要随意改变。4.make up ones mind指下决心做某事,不再改变。例如:Have you made up your mind about it?关于这件事,你拿定主意了没有?They have made up their minds to set off tomorrow afternoon.他们决定明天下午动身。Exercise一句多译1. Once she has resolved _(do) it, you wont get her to c
31、hange her mind.2. Once she has resolved _ doing it, you wont get her to change her mind.3. Once she has made a _(resolve) to do it, you wont get her to change her mind.她一旦下定决心做这件事，你是不会让她改变主意的。to doon resolution A recovery team searches through the debris at the China Eastern Airlines Flight MU5735 c
32、rash site in Tengxian county, Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region. According to a guideline on the investigation of air crashes issued by the ICAO, the initial report can include information on flight history, casualties, crew, the flight recorder, maintenance and wreckage distribution.crew /kru:/ n. (
33、轮船、飞机等上面的)全体工作人员；专业团队；一群人The ship set sail after all the crew came on board.全体船员上船后，船就开了。The crew abandoned the sinking ship.全体船员离开了正在下沉的船。crew的基本意思是“全体船员,全体机务人员”,也指“(除船长、机长外的)船员,机务人员”“一队工作人员”,属集合名词。指整体时,谓语动词用单数形式；指集体的各个成员时,谓语动词用复数形式。The crew is united.全体船员都被组织起来。The crew are paid to do all the work on the ship.船员们在船上做事都要付给报酬。JAPANThanks
