1、Useful words and expressionsHabits for a healthy lifestyleUnit 2 Healthy lifestyle1. lifestyle C 生活方式生活方式 (the way a person or a group of people live)plead a lavish/comfortable/simple lifestyle 过着奢侈的、舒适的、简朴生活过着奢侈的、舒适的、简朴生活 Regular exercise is part of a healthy lifestyle.2. As teenagers grow up 随着青少年
2、的成长随着青少年的成长 从属连词从属连词as引导时间状语从句引导时间状语从句 =With the growth of teenagers3. become independent (of sb/a country) （脱离某人）（脱离某人）开始独立；（脱离某个国家）获得独立开始独立；（脱离某个国家）获得独立pgain/win/achieve independence (from a country) 脱离某个国家获得独立脱离某个国家获得独立pgive sb independence from sb else使某人不依赖别人独立使某人不依赖别人独立plive independently 过着独立
3、的生活过着独立的生活 =live an independent lifepbe dependent on (ones parents/drugs/many factors) 依赖（父母）、有毒瘾、取决于（许多因素）依赖（父母）、有毒瘾、取决于（许多因素）印度于印度于1947年（脱离英国）获得独立。年（脱离英国）获得独立。 _. _. 有一份工作使我能不依赖家庭而（经济、财政）自立。有一份工作使我能不依赖家庭而（经济、财政）自立。 _ _. _ _. Students should aim _ (become) more independent _ their teachers.India ga
4、ined independence (from Britain) in 1947India became independent (of Britain) in 1947Having a job gives me (economic/financial) independence from my familyHaving a job enables me to become / makes me become (economically/financially) independent of my familyto becomeof4. making their own decisions/c
5、hoices 做出做出自己的决定、选择自己的决定、选择pmake a decision/choice to do sth / about sth 决定、选择做某事；做出有关决定、选择做某事；做出有关.的决定、选择的决定、选择5. form/develop/get into good/bad habits 养成好、坏习惯养成好、坏习惯6. These bad habits, if _ (leave) unchecked, could lead to more serious ones when they become adults. 划线部分为过去分词短语作条件状语或省略的条件状语从句。划线部分
6、为过去分词短语作条件状语或省略的条件状语从句。 =These bad habits, if they were left unchecked, could lead to more serious ones when they become adults. =If (they were) left unchecked, these bad habits could lead to more. 1) unchecked adj. （坏事）未受限制、约束的（坏事）未受限制、约束的 （在此句作主补）（在此句作主补）leftpleave sth unchecked（宾补）（宾补） 使某事不加限制、不加
7、约束使某事不加限制、不加约束p=allow/let sth (to) go/continue/grow uncheckedpif (they are) left unchecked 如果不加限制如果不加限制We cant _ such behavior _（允许这样（允许这样的行为继续下去而不加限制）的行为继续下去而不加限制）.The plant will soon choke ponds and waterways _ _ _（如不加以限制）（如不加以限制）.This habit, _（如不加以限制）（如不加以限制）, may cause serious problems later.The
8、 rise in violent crime must not _ （任任其下去而未加制止）其下去而未加制止） .ifleft uncheckedleaveunchecked=allow/let.(to) go/continue/grow uncheckedif left uncheckedgo/contiune/be lefted unchecked2) leave sb/sth done / doing / adj. / adv. /prep / to do sth. 使使.保留、处于保留、处于状态状态/ /位置；造成、留下位置；造成、留下.后果（划线部后果（划线部分为宾补）分为宾补）An
9、 explosion at a chemical plant has left one worker_ (die) and four _ (injure). Ill just leave the engine _ (run) while I go in. I wish youd stop leaving the lights _ （亮着）（亮着）and the door _（开着）（开着）.Dont leave tools _(lie) about.deadinjuredrunningonopenlyingThe old scientist died all of a sudden, _(le
10、ave) the project _（未完成）（未完成）. . Unfortunately, his father died, _ (leave) the family even _(badly) off.The previous government left the economy _ _ （毁（毁灭）灭）. Paying for the car repairs has left us _（身（身无分文）无分文）.Leave the rice _(cook) for ten minutes.leavingunfinishedleavingworsein ruinwithout a penn
11、ypennilessto cookleave sb in peace/in charge不打扰某人、使某人负责不打扰某人、使某人负责leave sb without parents/homes（表全过程）（表全过程）3) 过去分词或现在分词（短语）作状语的时候，过去分词或现在分词（短语）作状语的时候， 为了为了使意义更加明确，其前使意义更加明确，其前保留从属连词保留从属连词。现在分词和过去分词作状语的句型之一：现在分词和过去分词作状语的句型之一：l while/whenl until/tilll oncel if/unlessl although/thoughl even if/even th
12、oughl as if/as though doing sth.doneIf _(do) carefully, the experiment will be successful.When _(visit) London, I like to travel by bike.When _(ask) ., he replied with determination, “Why not? We Chinese.”Though _ (understand) no Spanish, she was able to communicate with the other students.Although
13、_ (leave) alone at home, Same did not feel afraid at all.Once _ (form), bad habits are never easy to change, even with many attempts.Once _ (lose) the chance, you cant easily find it.donevisitingaskedunderstandingleftformedlosing Once _ (lose), the chance cant easily be found. Unless _(pay) by credi
14、t card, please pay in cash. Unless _ (change), this law will make life difficult for farmers. Even if _ (invite), I wont go. Even if _(take) a taxi, I still wanted to see it for myself.lostpayingchangedinvitedtaking7. be/become/get involved in (tobacco or alcohol abuse) 参加，参与，卷入，与参加，参与，卷入，与.有关联有关联 （
15、吸烟、酗酒成瘾）（吸烟、酗酒成瘾） =involve oneself in.pinvolve sb in sth 使某人参加、参与、卷入、与使某人参加、参与、卷入、与.有关联有关联pinvolve sth/(sb/sbs) doing sth 包含，需要（作为条件或包含，需要（作为条件或结果）结果）pinvolve sb/sth 涉及，牵涉，影响涉及，牵涉，影响 The goal is _ workers _ （使参与）（使参与）the decision-making process. Parents should _ _ _ （参与）（参与）their childs education.to
16、 involveinget involved ininvolve themselves in Running your own business usually involves a lot of extra work / (your/you) _ (work) long hours / . There was a serious incident _(involve) a goup of youths.8. abuse U & vt. 滥用（毒品滥用（毒品/地位地位/权利等）权利等）; 虐待虐待; 辱骂辱骂许多儿童遭受身体、性、种族虐待。许多儿童遭受身体、性、种族虐待。(n. / vt.)
17、Many children suffered physical/sexual/racial abuse. =Many children were phycially/sexually/racially abused.他被指控酗酒、滥用毒品（嗜毒）、虐待儿童。他被指控酗酒、滥用毒品（嗜毒）、虐待儿童。(n. /vt)The man was accused of alcohol/drug/child abuse. = The man was accused of abusing alcolol/drug/children. workinginvolvingWhat she did was _ _
18、_（滥用）滥用） her position/ power as Major to give jobs to her relatives.9. To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating a teenagers life is essential. To change bad habits is never easy, even with many attempts. =Preventing . =Changing . =It is essential to prevent. =It is never easy to change .
19、an abuse of / abusing 不定式短语作主语可以改成动名词不定式短语作主语可以改成动名词短语作主语，也可以用短语作主语，也可以用it作形式主语，作形式主语，不定式短语作真主语不定式短语作真主语放在句尾。放在句尾。 Compare:_ (prevent) this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies _ (examine).10. dominate vt. & vi. 支配；控制；主宰；（比赛支配；控制；主宰；（比赛/活动活动/事物事物中）占有优势、
20、上风或重要地位中）占有优势、上风或重要地位(control sb or sth or have more influence, importance or power than)pdominant adj. 首要的；占支配地位的；显著的首要的；占支配地位的；显著的(more important, powerful or noticable than others)pdomination U统治，控制统治，控制(control); 优势优势To prevent be examined （不定式短语作目的状语）The committee works well together, although
21、sometimes the chairman tends _(it).Dont allow the computer _ a childs life.Japan became _ in the mass market during the 1980s.The firm has achieved a _ postion in the world market.The issue of climate change was the _ theme of the conferecne.The issue of climate change _ the conference.New Orleans _
22、 (throughout) the first half of the match.After the leader died, rival (对立的对立的) parties struggled for the _ of the community.dominant dominant dominant dominated dominated domination to dominate to dominate 11. make appropriate changes (to sth) （对（对.）做出适当改变做出适当改变12. even with many attempts甚至经过多次尝试甚至
23、经过多次尝试pattempt sth/to do sth 企图、企图、试图、试图、尝试做某事尝试做某事pmake an/no attempt to do sth （不）（不）企图企图/试图试图/尝试做某事尝试做某事p=make an/no attempt at sth/doing sthpmake an attempt on ones life 企图谋杀某人企图谋杀某人p(do sth) on/at the first/second. attempt 第一、二第一、二.次尝试（做某事）次尝试（做某事）p(do sth) in an attempt to do sth （做某事）以试图（做某事）
24、以试图.pfail/succeed in ones attempt to do sth 做某事尝试的失败了、成功了做某事尝试的失败了、成功了 这位囚犯试图逃跑，但没有成功。这位囚犯试图逃跑，但没有成功。The prisoner attempted an escape/to escape, but failed.=The prisoner made an attempt at an escape/at escaping/to escape, but failed.=The prisoner failed in his attempt at an escape/at escaping/to esc
25、ape.=The prisoner made an unsuccessful/vain attempt at an escape.=The prisoners attempt at an escape.failed/was unsuccessful.She passed his driving test _ _ _ _（第一次尝试）（第一次尝试）. The government announced big tax cuts _ _ _（试图）（试图） to regain its lost popularity.at/on her first attempt in an attempt 13.
26、There is a famous saying _(base) on the philosophy of Aristotle: We are what we repeatedly do. 有句有句基于基于亚里士多德哲学亚里士多德哲学的的名言：名言：“我们反复做的事情造我们反复做的事情造就了我们。就了我们。”斜体字部分斜体字部分based on the.为过去分词短语作为过去分词短语作a famous saying 的的后置定语后置定语，相当于定语从句：，相当于定语从句：which is based on the. ;“We are what we repeatedly do.” 为为a fa
27、mous saying 同同位语位语。what引导表语从句。引导表语从句。repeat a question/secret/mistake/ones victory/success that/wh-从句从句 重复说、告诉、做重复说、告诉、做.based repeated requests/warnings/attempts、 再三、反复请求、警告、试图再三、反复请求、警告、试图repeatedly request/warn sb to do sth 再三、再三、反复地请求、警告某人不要做某事反复地请求、警告某人不要做某事There have been _ calls for an offici
28、al investigation into the affair. 人们已经反复呼吁官方调查这件事。人们已经反复呼吁官方调查这件事。We have _ (repeat) called for an official investigation into the affair.We make a choice to do sonething, and then we _ it over and over again.repeated repeatedly repeat 14. in many/some ways 在许多、有些方面在许多、有些方面;pin a/one way 在某个方面在某个方面,
29、 在某种意义上在某种意义上15. the sum of (choices we have made) （我们做出的选择）的总和（我们做出的选择）的总和/全部全部This is the sum of my achievements so far.pa (large/substantial/considerable/small/modest) sum of (money) 一大一大笔钱笔钱、一小笔钱、一笔数量适中的钱、一小笔钱、一笔数量适中的钱pto sum up 简而言之（置于句首作状语）简而言之（置于句首作状语） =in sum / in summary psum (sth) up 总结、概括
30、（某事）总结、概括（某事）=summarize16. over and over (again) 再三地，反复地再三地，反复地 =again and again =time and (time) again =time after time =repeatedlyCompare:p(write) once again 再一次再一次 （写）（写）p(write) all over again 重新重新/从头从头（写）（写） =(write sth) from the beginning17. an action, event, or situation that acts as a signal
31、 to do sth 即即充当做某事的信号的行为、事件或情况充当做某事的信号的行为、事件或情况 the regular action you take in response to the cue 即你响应触发因素而采取的常规行动即你响应触发因素而采取的常规行动 两者都为同位语从句，含有划线部分作定语从句两者都为同位语从句，含有划线部分作定语从句p(do sth) in response to . 以响应以响应/回应回应.; 以回复、答复以回复、答复pmake/give a/no response（没）做出回复、回答（没）做出回复、回答pmake/receive an (encouraging
32、/enthusiastic/positive) response to (the appeal) / from (the readers) 对做出对做出.回应；收到对回应；收到对.、来之、来之.响应响应 prespond to (a letter/an email.) 对对.做出做出回复、回答回复、回答 =reply to/answer.presond to sth with sth/by doing sth 以以/通过通过.方式对方式对.做出反应做出反应The law was passed _ _ _（以回应）（以回应）public pressure /customer demand.Im
33、writing _ _ _ （以回复）（以回复）your letter/ advertisement of June 12. He responded to my suggestion _ a laugh / _ laughing.with by in response to in respinse to 18. make sb much more likely to do sth 让某人更有可能做让某人更有可能做.19. rely on sb/sth (for sth/to do sth) =depend on sb/sth (for sth/to do sth) 依靠、依赖某人依靠、依赖某
34、人/物（获取某物、做某事）物（获取某物、做某事） (replies, replied, replied, replying)20. facilitate vt. 促使，促进，使便利促使，促进，使便利 (make an action or process sooible or easier, advance, promote, boost)pfacilitator C 引导者；促进者，推动者引导者；促进者，推动者pfacilitation U To facilitate a positive change in our bad habits 为为了促进了促进.积极的改变积极的改变 The new
35、 trade agreement ought _ more rapid economic growth/development. Computers can be used _ language learning / communication. The teacher acts as a _ of learning. The new underground railway is close to being completed, _ the journey to the airport.facilitating to facilitate facilitator to facilitate
36、21. combine. with . （使）（使）.和和. 结合结合/组合组合/联合联合22. replace A with/by B 用用B替换替换A23. So, when we feel unhappy again (cue), rather than eat snacks, we could/can listen to some of our favourite music instead (routine), which will make us feel relaxed (reward). =So when we feel unhappy again (cue), rather
37、than eat / instead of eating sanacks, we could/can listen to some of our favourite music, which will relax us (reward).24. aside/apart from sb/sth/doing sthA. 除除之外之外, 还有还有 （包括在内，（包括在内，常与常与also, other, another连用）连用） =besides, as well as, in addition to B. 除除.之外，没有之外，没有 （不包括在内，常与（不包括在内，常与no, any, all,
38、 every连用）连用） =except C. 除了之外（整体中指出不足除了之外（整体中指出不足, 例外，无上述同类语）例外，无上述同类语） =except forThere was nobody on the bus _ the driver.The bus was empty_ the driver.We didnt see anyone all day, _ a couple of kids on the beach.The painting is a good piece of work, _ a few slight faults. _ his earnings as a footb
39、alll coach, he also owns and runs a chain of sports shops.B C B C A 25. change . into . 使使.变为变为. 26. take the stairs 走楼梯走楼梯27. straight away 立即立即; 马上马上 =right away, immediatly, at once, in no time28. become pessimistic (about sth) 变得悲观变得悲观pbe/keep/remain/stay (deeply) pessimistic about sth 对对.保持（十分）
40、悲观保持（十分）悲观Doctors _ _ _（对（对.悲观）悲观）his chances of making a full recovery. (pessimist, pessimism, optimistic, optimism, potimist)are pessimistic about 29. over (a period of) time 在一段时间以内，在一定时期在一段时间以内，在一定时期;逐渐地逐渐地30. as the Chinese philosopher Lao Zi wrote, 正如中国哲学家老子所说正如中国哲学家老子所说31. reach/attain the go
41、al of change 达到改变的目标达到改变的目标32. discipline U 自制力；纪律，纪风自制力；纪律，纪风, 管教，训导管教，训导; 处罚处罚 C 训练方法；（大学的）学科训练方法；（大学的）学科 vt. 自律自律(oneself to do sth); 管教，训练（某人）管教，训练（某人）; 处罚，惩罚某人处罚，惩罚某人(sb for sth/doing sth)pdisciplined adj. 守纪律的守纪律的 (a.team/army) show some discipline 表现出一定程度的自制力表现出一定程度的自制力 Changing bad habits re
42、quires/takes/involves a good deal of/strict discipline. (it takes a lot of discipline to do sth) keep good discipline in class 上课保持良好的纪律上课保持良好的纪律 Learning poetry is a good discipline for the mind/ memory. 学习外语对头脑记忆学习外语对头脑记忆是很好的锻炼方法是很好的锻炼方法。 He disciplined himself to exercise at least three times a w
43、eek / two hours of exercises every day.（约束自己做（约束自己做.） The staff members were disciplined for their carelessness. (=were punished for)33. take many small steps 采取许多小步骤采取许多小步骤34. break/tick bad habits 戒除不良习惯戒除不良习惯35. a magic pill 一粒魔法药丸一粒魔法药丸36. decide on sth 就就做出决定，决定要做做出决定，决定要做.;37. have the power t
44、o build a happy and healthy life full of good habits 有能力构建一种快乐和健康的充满良好习惯的生活有能力构建一种快乐和健康的充满良好习惯的生活38. There/Here is sth to change/help. that will change/help.39. decide on sth（仔细考虑后或从众多者中）选择，选定，仔细考虑后或从众多者中）选择，选定，决定决定(for/as) =choose (not) to do sth 决定做某事决定做某事 that/wh-从句从句 、wh-to do (sth) 决定决定.decide
45、on some changes 决定做出一些改变决定做出一些改变 =decide to make some changesdecide on a name for the baby 为婴儿选择一个名字为婴儿选择一个名字decide on a date for the wedding (=fix/set/determine) 为婚礼选定一个日子为婚礼选定一个日子Weve decided on Paris _ our vacation destination this year / _ our next holiday. as for take decisive steps/action 采取决定
46、性的步骤、行动采取决定性的步骤、行动关于决定的短语关于决定的短语:pchoose to do sth （违背他人预期地）选择、决定做某事（违背他人预期地）选择、决定做某事pmake up ones mind(s) about sth/to do sth （经过长时间考虑）决定做某事（经过长时间考虑）决定做某事pmake a decision about sth/to do sth/that. （经过仔细考虑对重要的事）做出有关决定；决定（做某事）（经过仔细考虑对重要的事）做出有关决定；决定（做某事）pdetermine sth/to do sth （正式）确定（某事），决定（正式）确定（某事），决定（做某（做某事）事）pbe determined to do sth 下决心做某事下决心做某事
