1、广 西 民 族 大 学2015年硕士研究生入学考试初试自命题科目试题（试卷代号：A卷）科目代码： 622 科目名称： 基础英语 适用学科专业： 英语语言文学，外国语言学及应用语言学 研究方向： 所有方向 命题教师签名： 考生须知1 答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试题上无效。2 答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔作答，用其它笔答题不给分。试题册 共 页 第1页3 交卷时，请配合监考人员验收，并请监考人员在准考证相应位置签字（作为考生交卷的凭证）。否则，产生的一切后果由考生自负。I. Vocabulary (20 points，1 point each) Directions: There are 20 s
2、entences in this part. Each sentence contains a word or phrase which is underlined. Below each sentence are four other expressions. Choose the one which would best keep the meaning of the original, and write down the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet.1. Please keep your comments pertinent to
3、the topic under discussion.A. relevant B. conforming C. satisfactory D. direct2. He was deeply committed to political doctrines of social equality.A. issues B. beliefs C. interests D. basics3. His plots are always very ingenious.A. stupid B. smart C. absurd D. consistent4. In this example X denotes
4、the time taken and Y the distance covered.A. represents B. points to C. equals to D. emphasizes5. He didnt give an adequate answer to the question.A. enough B. wise C. prompt D. satisfactory6. A high proportion of crime in any country is perpetrated by young males in their teens and twenties.A. comm
5、itted B. witnessed C. perceived D. restricted7. Baldwin enlightened her as to the nature of the experiment.A. showed B. explained to C. warned D. frightened8. Most scientists believe it is legitimate to use animals in medical research.A. desirable B. reasonable C. legal D. effective9. He said he was
6、 resigning but did not elaborate on his reasons.A. explain B. provide C. state D. tell10. Success in the talks will reinforce his reputation as an international statesman.A. establish B. form C. consolidate D. threaten11. We did not realize the magnitude of the problem.A. essence B. importance C. co
7、ntent D. consequences12. Sleep has often been thought of as being in some way analogous death.A. similar B. close C. identical D. related13. How much to tell terminally ill patients is left to the discretion of the doctor.A. decision B. secrets C. contemplation D. words14. The director tried to wave
8、 aside these issues as trivial details that could be settled later.A. simple B. unimportant C. useless D. inferior15. Some astronomers contend that the universe may be younger than previously thought.A. explain B. agree C. think D. argue16. It takes time to really understand all these facts.A. rumin
9、ate B. realize C. assimilate D. accept17. Computers can be used to make language learning easier.A. facilitate B. accelerate B. relieve D. alleviate18. The selection process is based on rigorous tests of competence and experience.A. serious B. thorough C. difficult D. demanding19. He appended a glos
10、sary to his novel where he used an invented language.A. added B. used C. included D. compiled20. Mr Norris said he was hopeful that his request would elicit a positive response.A. cause B. obtain C. produce D. call forthII. Reading Comprehension (80 points)Directions: The following two passages are
11、followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and write down the letter on your answer sheet. Passage 1 (15 points, 3 points each)One of the great mysteries of the brain is that we still cannot
12、pin down exactly what a memory isthat is, how neural circuitry stores a given recollection. Yet in the last decade we have learned a lot about memorys limitations. Memories are not necessarily written into our brains like ink on paper. Think of them instead as inscribed in clay, suggests Andr Fenton
13、, a neuroscientist at New York Universitys Center for Neural Science. Every time you access a memory, the message can get smudged, just as a clay tablet might if you were to pick it up and run your fingers over its surface. Ongoing biochemical processes cause memories to shift over time.Further, our
14、 mind sets and emotions can influence what we pay attention to and thus remember. Scientists are tinkering with experimental chemicals that, when injected, can interfere with memory-forming proteins and erase certain types of maladaptive feelings, such as an addicts desire for drugs. Researchers hav
15、e even managed to trick mice into forming entirely false memories. Memory formation and recollection is an evolving, active and plastic process that involves many different working parts of the brain, and scientists are just beginning to piece together how they coalesce into such a complex machine.1
16、. The first sentences of this passage suggests that _.A. scientists have little idea about the mechanism of memoryB. recollections are stored in memoryC. memory is the last big problem to solve about our brainD. if we know how our brain stores the recollections we know the nature of memory2. Fenton
17、suggests that _.A. ink on paper is different from inscriptions in clayB. using memory is harmful for our brainC. messages in our memory always change a little when we use themD. none of the above3. According to the second paragraph, _.A. chemicals that can influence memory-formation work on proteins
18、B. addiction to drugs is a faulty type of adaptationC. altering memory-formation is already successful on miceD. all of the above4. According to the second paragraph, which of the following is true about memory formation and recollection?A. The process is not a rigid or static oneB. The process reli
19、es on every part of the brain working togetherC. Scientists are trying to combine what they know into a theory about memoryD. none of the above5. Which of the following is NOT true, according to this essay?A. Scientists are fascinated with the process of memory and recollectionB. We still dont know
20、everything about our brainC. The research of scientists are focused on eliminating undesired memoriesD. “Ongoing biochemical processes” refer mainly to those intrinsic to our body, not to the experimental chemicals in the laboratory.Passage 2 (15 points, 3 points each)A new study suggests holding a
21、position of power, with weighty responsibilities, increases symptoms of depression in women but diminishes them in men. Women with job authority - the ability to hire, fire and influence pay - have significantly more symptoms of depression than women without this power. Pudrovska, a sociologist at t
22、he University of Texas at Austin, explained in a press release. In contrast, men with job authority have fewer symptoms of depression than men without such power.Pudrovska and her research partner conducted their study using data on mental health and job authority collected from 1954 to 2004 as part
23、 of the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study. The studys authors claim that social and cultural norms allow for men to more seamlessly assume positions of power. According to them, a man in power is expected and accepted by his peers, colleagues and subordinates - by those working alongside him as well as o
24、utsiders looking in. In contrast, previous studies have shown women in positions of authority regularly experience interpersonal tension, negative social interactions, negative stereotypes, prejudice, social isolation, as well as resistance from subordinates, colleagues and superiors. The weight of
25、these stressors and tensions results in an uptick of depressive symptoms, with women in power possessing depression symptoms more often than men not in positions of authority. As well, men in positions of power were even less likely to be depressed.The studys authors say their findings are proof tha
26、t we need to address gender discrimination, hostility and prejudice against women leaders to reduce the psychological costs and increase the psychological rewards of higher-status jobs for women.1. The first paragraph suggests that _.A. women are depressed but men are notB. holding a position of pow
27、er has different effects on women and menC. having more power is harmful for women but healthy for menD. none of the above2. The study was called a “longitudinal study” because _.A. the study was based on collected dataB. the study was conducted on mental health and job authorityC. the study was don
28、e across 50 yearsD. none of the above3. In the studys authors opinion, the differences between men and women in adapting to job authority_.A. lies primarily in social and cultural normsB. consists in the different expectations that society has on men and womenC. are manifested in their different pat
29、terns of depressionD. all of the above4. The studys authors believe that _.A. society ought to pay women leaders more than men leadersB. social discrimination and hostility toward women leaders increase their psychological tensionC. women leaders had better be relieved of their higher-status jobsD.
30、none of the above5. The author of this passage _.A. reports on the study and the findings but gives no explicit commentB. apparently agrees with the studys authors on their conclusionC. shows sympathy to women in high positionsD. wants to draw public attention to the social discrimination addressed
31、in the studyPassage 3Read the following passages carefully and then explain in your own English the exact meaning of the numbered and underlined parts. (25 points, 5 points each)Consider the times youve hopped on a subway, boarded a plane or entered a waiting room. 1Chances are, you probably avoided
32、 engaging with any fellow commuters or patients. But contrary to what we might think, wed be happier if we did strike up a conversation with a total stranger.In a study, commuters in Chicago were asked to either talk with a stranger on a train, or sit quietly alone, or just 2do whatever theyd normal
33、ly do on their commute. Then, they responded to a survey about how they felt. It turns out that those who engaged with strangers had the most pleasurable experience and 3those who remained solitary had the least enjoyable experience. These answers were compared with another group that did not partic
34、ipate but instead had to predict how they might feel in each situation. This group thought talking with strangers would be the least enjoyable, by far.So 4despite being social animals and enjoying social engagement, we avoid chatting with strangers. Why? Well, according to a follow up study its beca
35、use we think, wrongly, that strangers dont want to talk with us. 5The one way to get over this is to practice reaching out who knows, commuting could become more enjoyable.Passage 4Read the following passages carefully and then explain in your own English the exact meaning of the numbered and underl
36、ined parts. (25 points, 5 points each)1The intelligence of dolphins is well documented by science. Studies show that dolphins are able to understand sign language, solve puzzles, and use objects in their environment as tools. Scientists also believe that dolphins possess a sophisticated language: nu
37、merous instances have been recorded in which dolphins transmitted information from one individual to another. A recent experiment proved that dolphins can even recognize themselves in a mirror2something achieved by very few animals. This behavior demonstrates that dolphins are aware of their own ind
38、ividuality, at a level of intelligence that may be very near our own.Are dolphins usually intelligent? Dolphins have large brains, but we know that 3brain size alone does not determine either the nature or extent of intelligence. Some researchers have suggested that dolphins have big brains because
39、they need themfor sonar and sound processing and for social interactions. Others have argued that regardless of brain size, dolphins have an intelligence level somewhere between that of a dog and a chimpanzee. The fact is, we dont know, and 4comparisons may not be especially helpful. Just as human i
40、ntelligence is appropriate for human needs, dolphin intelligence is right for the dolphins way of life. 5Until we know more, all we can say is that dolphin intelligence is different.III. General knowledge (20 points)A. Fill in each blank with a suitable word or phrase, and write your answers on the
41、answer sheet. (10 points, 1 point each)1. The Theory of Conversation Implicatures was proposed by _.2. American Behaviorist linguistics was represented by the linguist _. The title of his best-known book was _. TG Grammar was proposed by _.3. The Oxford professor of philosophy _ was famous for the S
42、peech Act Theory, in which speech acts are described as consisting of three parts, i.e. _ act, _ and _ act.4. In terms of word formation, the words “edit”, “televise” etc. can be categorized as cases of _.5. In their book _, Lackoff and Johnson argued that metaphors are a universal method of human c
43、ognition.B. Write out the authors of the following works: (4 points, 1 point each)1. The Great Gatsby _2. A Tale of Two Cities _3. Leaves of Grass _4. Gullivers Travels _C. Translate the following into English or Chinese (2 points, 1 point each):1. 请勿践踏草坪2. WTOD. Explain the following terms briefly:
44、 (4 points, 2 point each) 1. euphemism 2. sonnetIV. Translation (30 points)E-C (15 points)Whoever has made a voyage up the Hudson River must remember the Catskill Mountains. They are a dismembered branch of the great Appalachian family, and can be seen to the west swelling up to a noble height and l
45、ording it over the surrounding country. When the weather is fair and settled, they are clothed in blue and purple, and print their bold outlines on the clear evening sky, but sometimes when the rest of the landscape is cloudless, they will gather a hood of gray vapors about their summits which, in the last rays of the setting sun, will glow and light up like a crown of glory.C-E (15 points)在无数广为流行的生命理论中，惟一永恒的主题就是爱。爱，尽管它的存在形式非常脆弱，却是惟一强大而持久的力量，它给我们的日常生活带来了真正的意义。当然，我不是在谈论罗曼蒂克、卿卿我我的爱，尽管那本身也是一种相当强大的力量。一颗破碎的心比伤口上撒盐更为痛苦，这已得到了广泛的证明。但是，我所说的爱是在我们内心深处燃烧的火焰，是这种内心的温暖使得心灵不会被令人绝望的冬天冰封。这是对生命本身的爱。第 7 页 共 7 页
