1、Period FourGrammar：Review of Verb Forms (1)1表示经常发生的动作、习惯性行为，表示现状、特征或真理、永恒的客观事实。一般现在时常用下列副词或短语来作时间状语：always，often，never，seldom，usually，once a week，now等。It seldom snows here. 这地方很少下雪。He is always ready to help others.他总是习惯帮助别人。The earth moves around the sun.地球围绕着太阳转。一、一般现在时2用于时间、条件、让步、方式状语从句中表示将要发生的动作
2、，其主句用一般将来时。I will tell you when he comes.他来时我会告诉你的。Tomorrow we shall go for an outing unless it rains.明天我们将要去郊游，除非天下雨。 Though the task is very hard, we will not give it up.尽管任务很艰巨，可是我们是不会放弃的。3表示一个按计划或安排将要发生的动作，或者表示根据时间的安排将要出现的状态。通常用的动词有begin，come，leave，go，arrive，start，stop，return，open，close等。The mee
3、ting begins at six.会议6点钟开始。The train arrives at the station at 5 in the morning.火车将在早晨5点钟进站。【单项填空】Planning so far ahead _ no senseso many things will have changed by next year.Amade Bis makingCmakes Dhas made解析考查动词的时态。句意：计划这么超前毫无意义到明年许多事情会发生变化的。前句表示现在的情况make no sense，后句表示到将来会产生的后果will have changed。一
4、般现在时表示主语的特征或状态。is making和has made表示具体的动作过程，故排除。因此选C。C1表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。与这种时态连用的时间状语常有now，these days，recently，this week等。Listen，someone is crying.听，有人在哭。 What are you doing these days? 你最近在忙些什么？ 二、现在进行时2与always，all the time，forever连用，表示频繁发生的动作，相当于“老是”，表示说话人某种赞赏或厌恶的感情。He is always helping others.他总是帮助别
5、人。The girl is always getting up late.这女孩老是起晚。3动词go，come，leave，arrive等表将要发生的动作。They are leaving for Shanghai.他们要去上海了。Are you meeting him when you arrive there? 你到那儿要跟他见面吗？【单项填空】I hear you_in a pub. Whats it like?Well, its very hard work and Im always tired, but I dont mind.Aare working Bwill workCwer
6、e working Dwill be working 解析考查动词的时态。句意为：我听说你在酒吧里上班，这份工作怎么样？哎，这是份辛苦活，老感到累，不过我不介意。对话所用的现在时表明现在还在酒吧里上班，用现在进行时描述现阶段长期重复的一个动作。故选A。A1表示动作从过去开始，持续到现在，还有可能持续下去。与这一时态连用的时间状语有：already，yet, just, ever, never, by now, so far, recently，since，for短语,连词since引导的时间状语从句。We have lived here since 1991.我们从1991年就住在这儿。Gre
7、at changes have taken place in our city in the past few years.最近几年我们的城市有了很多变化。三、现在完成时2到现在为止这一时期中发生的动作或情况，即多次动作的总和。We have learnt four English songs this month.这一个月我们学会了四首英文歌曲。How many times have you read the novel? 这本小说你读了几遍？For many days we havent seen each other.我们已经好多天没见面了。3表示对现在有影响的、某个已经发生的动作。Th
8、e delegation has left. 代表团已经走了。(说明现在不在这里)4表示短暂性动作的瞬间动词在完成时中不与表示时间段的状语或疑问词连用。这样的动词有finish，marry，come, go, leave, get up, buy, fall, join, begin等。He has left.他已经走了。He has been away for six years.他已经走了6年了。【单项填空】It is the most instructive lecture that I_since I came to this school.Aattended Bhad attende
9、dCam attending Dhave attended 解析考查动词的时态。句意为：自从我到这个学校以来，这是我所听到的最有教育意义的演讲。since自从以来，引导过去时的从句时，主句用现在完成时。故选D。D表示将要发生的动作或情况，主要从时间的角度表示将要发生的动作或情况。与这个时态连用的时间状语有tonight, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next week，in three hours, two days later等。He will have a bike of his own next week.他下周就会有自己的自行车。四、一般将来时其
10、他表示将来的用法：1be going to结构：表示打算或准备做某事时。表示有发生某事的预兆。They are going to have a competition with us.他们打算跟我们来一场比赛。It is going to rain.天要下雨了。2be about to do sth结构：意为“刚要做某事”“马上要做某事”，强调时间之紧迫性，不与具体时间状语连用，常与when 起连用。We are about to discuss this problem.我们将马上讨论这个问题。I was about to go out when the telephone rang.我正打
11、算要出去，这时候电话响了。3be to do sth.结构：表示按计划、安排、规定将实施某事或表示注定会发生某事。All these things are to be answered.这些事情都要得到答复。We are to meet at the school gate at six in the morning.我们定于早晨6点在学校碰头。【单项填空】In the near future, more advances in the robot technology_by scientists.Aare making Bare madeCwill make Dwill be made 解析
12、考查动词的时态和语态。句意为：在不久的将来，科学家将会在机器人技术上取得更大的进展。in the near future表明了将来的时间，more advances与 make逻辑关系上存在着被动，故选D。D易错句型，难分难解研究近几年全国各省市高考题发现，基础知识的考查越来越受到重视。由于对一些易混句型认识不清，尤其是三大从句(定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句)，强调句以及并列句的混淆，导致考生大量失分。下面以近几年高考题，各地模拟题为例，对易错考点进行分析，以帮助广大考生顺利地备考。1_is known to us all is that the 2012 Olympic Games wil
13、l take place in London.AIt BWhat CAs DWhich【易错警示】易错点：as引导的非限制性定语从句，what引导的主语从句，it作形式主语和that引导的主语从句的混合考查。错误原因：不能正确地把握句子结构。解题思路：(注意划线部分的细微差别) What is known to us all是主语从句，所以选B；若选A，应该是：It is known to us all that the 2012 Olympic Games will take place in London.it是形式主语，that从句作真正的主语；若选C，应该是：“As is known
14、to us all, the 2012 Olympic Games will take place in London.”as引导非限制性定语从句，指代后面的整个主句；此句还可以变成：“That the 2012 Olympic Games will take place in London is known to us all.”that引导主语从句。2Where did you get to know her?It was on the farm_we worked.Athat Bthere Cwhich Dwhere【易错警示】易错点：强调句与it句式的混合考查。错误原因：把it开头的句
15、子都误认为是强调句。解题思路：强调句的结构是：It is/was被强调部分that/who其它，它的判断方法是：如果去掉It is/was和that/who，剩下的仍然是一个完整的句子，是强调句，否则就要考虑这个it句式可能包含定语从句或状语从句。此题中where引导定语从句，在定语从句中作状语，先行词是farm。但奇怪的是，本句去掉It is/was 和要填的部分后仍然完整，所以很多同学选择A，误认为是强调句，实际上根据语境：你是在哪儿认识她的？我是在我们工作过的农场认识她的。所以本句是一个包含定语从句的省略的强调句。补全应该是：It was on the farm where we wor
16、ked that I got to know her.所以选D。知识拓展：强调句与含有状语从句的it句式的混合考查。(1)It was/will be时间段before从句，意思是“过才/就” 注意：before引导的从句不能用将来时，只能用一般现在时或一般过去时。本句型的主句不能用一般现在时。在before前的时间暗示“多久”，译为“才”，在before前的时间暗示“短暂”，译为“就”。(2)It is/has been/was/had been时间段 since从句，意思是“自从”。注意：since从句若用一般过去时态，主句动词用is或has been，若since从句用过去完成时态，主句
17、动词用was或had been。since从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词，如果从句的谓语动词是延续性动词，翻译成否定，因为时间的计算从since从句的动作完成或状态结束时算起。常见的延续性动词有：enjoy，smoke，live, teach等。如：It is three years since I smoked. It is three years since I stopped smoking.“我不吸烟有三年了。”如果要说：“我吸烟有三年了”，应该是：It is three years since I began to smoke.。(3) It was时刻when从句意思是“当时候”
18、。(4)含有not until的强调句：“It was not until.that其它”，或当强调句的被强调部分是时间时很容易和其它句型混淆。例：It was not until midnight_they reached the camp site.Athat Bwhen Cwhile Das解析句中含有not until的强调句。AIm sorry youve been waiting so long, but itll still be some time_Brian gets back.Abefore Bsince Ctill Dafter解析句中：It will be时间段befo
19、re从句。句意：仍然要过一段时间Brian才能回来。ADid Jack come back early last night?Yes. It was not yet eight oclock_he arrived home.Abefore Bwhen Cthat Duntil解析句中含有“It was时刻when从句”句型。句意：他到家时还不到八点。BThat was really a splendid evening. Its years_I enjoyed myself so much.Awhen BthatCbefore Dsince解析“It is/has been时间段since从句
20、”句型。句意：我好多年没有这么高兴过了。DIt was some time later_we realized the truth.Auntil Bbefore Cthat Dsince解析强调句，被强调部分是some time later。C3Mom, what did your doctor say?He advised me to live_the air is fresher.Ain where Bin whichCthe place where Dwhere【易错警示】易错点：where引导的定语从句和where引导的状语从句和名词性从句的混合考查。错误原因：对定语从句的定势思维。解
21、题思路：where引导的定语从句和where引导的状语从句和名词性从句的区别：where引导的定语从句有先行词，而状语从句和名词性从句没有先行词。联系：where状语从句引导词介词where名词性从句引导词介词先行词where定语从句引导词(介词先行词介词which定语从句引导词)本题考查的是where引导的状语从句，所以选D，不能换成B。如果要换成定语从句，全句为：He advised me to live in the place where the air is fresher.4Mount Wuyi is such an attractive place of interest_eve
22、ryone likes to visit.Athat BasCwhich Dwhat5His plan was such a good one _we all agreed to accept it.Aso Band Cthat Das【易错警示】易错点：as引导的限制性定语从句与结果状语从句。错误原因：错误地认为such/so后面都是that。解题思路：在such.as/so.as中，as引导的是定语从句，先行词指物，as在定语从句中充当主语或宾语；在such.that./so.that.中，that引导的是状语从句，that只起连接作用，不作成分。第4题因为前面有such，所以锁定A、 B
23、。要填的部分在从句中作visit的宾语，所以选B，as引导定语从句；如果改成A，全句应为：Mount Wuyi is such an attractive place of interest that everyone likes to visit it.。第5题因为前面有such，所以锁定C、D，又因为要填的部分在从句中不作成分，所以选C，that引导状语从句；如果改成定语从句，全句应为：His plan was such a good one as we all agreed to accept.。6The road conditions there turned out to be ve
24、ry good，_was more than we could expect. Ait Bwhat Cwhich Dthat7The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but_ didnt help.Ait Bshe Cwhich Dhe【易错警示】易错点：非限制性定语从句与并列句的混合考查。错误原因：忽视关键词的作用。解题思路：识别并列句的关键：并列句通常用并列连词and，but，or等连接两个分句。如果无并列连词或标点是逗号，则可能是含有定语从句的主从复合句。第6题which引导的非限制性定语从句，指代前面的整个句子的内容，所以选C。如果改成并列句，全句为：The road conditions there turned out to be very good，And it/that was more than we could expect.。第7题but标志着两个分句是并列关系，it指代前面分句的内容，且充当第二个分句的主语，所以选A；若去掉but，应选C，which引导非限制性定语从句。
