1、 组织胚胎学课件组织胚胎学课件 七年制英文医学班专用七年制英文医学班专用中国医科大学中国医科大学基础医学院基础医学院组胚组胚英文教学组英文教学组Chapter 5 Blood and HemopoiesisBlood and Hemopoiesis 1. Components:-formed elements: 45% red blood cell-erythrocyte white blood cell-leukocyte platelets-plasma: 55%, PH 7.3-7.4, 90% water contain: plasma protein(albumin, globuli
2、n, fibrinogen), lipidprotein, enzymes, hormone, vitamin, inorganic salt and products of metabolism*serum: is plasma in which the fibrinogen has been removed by clottingBlood smear: Wright or Giemsa stain methods1.1.CellsCells1) erythrocyte, red blood cell -normal number: (4.2-5.5)X1012/L in male (3.
3、5-5.0)X1012/L in female -structure: biconcave discs in shape, 7.5-8.5 um in diameter, 1-2um thickno nucleus and organellafilled with hemoglobin, Hb: about 1/3 -normal number: 120-150g/L in male 105-135g/L in female -combine and transfer O2 and CO2erythrocyte membrane skeleton: -change shape -main co
4、mponent is spectrin and actinblood type antigen: A, B : -membrane protein -ABO blood type -hemolysiserythrocyte ghost*anemia: RBC 3.0X1012 /L or Hb 100g/L* reticulocyte: 0.5-1% of total erythrocyte population or 3-6% in naonateimmature cellremained ribosome-delicate network structure when stained wi
5、th brilliant cresyl bluewill disappear after 1-3 days-life span: 120 days2) leukocyte-a group of large cells with nucleus-involve in defense and immune reaction-normal number: (4.0-10) X109/L-classification: granulocytes: /neutrophil /eosinophil /basophil agranulocytes: /lympocyte /monocyte neutroph
6、il: -normal percentage: 50-70% of total leukocyte population-structure: LM: round, 10-12um in diameterrob-liked or poly morphous nucleus, 2-5 lobesfine neutrophilic granules-pink cytoplasmEM: specific granule: 80% small, 0.3-0.4 um ovoid or irregular in shape contain: lysozyme, phagocytin(defensin)
7、azurophilic granule: 20% large, round or ovoid , 0.6-0.7 um electron dense lysosome: acid phosphatase, peroxidase, acidic hydrolase-function: phagocytose bacterium: specific g.-kill Bazurophilic g.- digest B-life span: in blood 6-8 hours, in CT 2-3 days eosinophil:-normal percentage: 0.5-3% of total
8、 leukocyte population-structure: LM: round,10-15 um in diameter2 lobes nucleusrough bright red granules-acidophilic granulesEM: granules: round or ovoid with cube-liked electron dense crystal contain: -ACPase-histaminase-peroxidase-function: counteract the infection of parasitereduce allergic reacti
9、on-life span: in blood 6-8 hour, in CT 8-12 days basophil: -normal percentage: 0-1% of total leukocyte population-structure: LM: less, round 10-12 um lobe, “S” shaped or irregular nucleusbasophilic g.: contains heparin, histamine and acidophil chemotactic factorcytoplasm: contain leukotriene-functio
10、n: involve in allergic reaction-life span: 10-15 days monocyte:-normal percentage: 3-8% of total leukocyte population-structure: LM: large round, 14-20um nucleus appear as kidney, horse-shoe or ovoid in shapecytoplasm: gray-blue in color, contain azurophilic g.EM: azurophilic granule: lysosome- cont
11、ain peroxidase, ACPase,non-spacial esterase and lysozyme-function: actively mobile and chemotaxis-life span: in blood 1-5 days, in CT which become into macrophage- mononuclear phagocytic system, MPS lymphocyte:-normal percentage: 20-30% of total leukocyte population-structure: LM: round, small LC 6-
12、8 um, medium-sized LC 9-12 um, large LC 13-20 um in diameterround nucleus with indentation, chromatin appears as spot-liked and electron-dense cytoplasm: /basophilic:bright blue in color /less /azurophilic granuleEM: /free ribosome /mito. /RER-classification:TC: thymus dependent lymphocyte, 75%, inv
13、olve in cellular immune reaction and regulate immune responseBC: bone marrow dependent lymphocyte, 10-15%, become into plasma cell, involve in humoral immune responselarge granular cell: KC (killer cell) and NKC( nature killer cell), 10%-function: involve in immune response3) blood platelet: cytopla
14、smic fragment of megakaryocyte in bone marrow -normal number: 100-300X109/L -structure: LM: disc-liked, 2-4um irregular in shape Stimulationin groupsGranulomerehyalomere EM: /cell coat: glycosaminoglycan and glycoprotein/tubular systems: opening tubule system- increasing the exchange area, facilitat
15、e the intaking and releasing dense tubule system- SER, collecting Ca2+ and synthesizing prostaglandin/granules: specific granule: mediate electron density, with dense core, contains clotting factor, fibrinogen, acidic hydrolase dense granule: electron dense, contains serotonin(5-hydroxytryptamine),
16、ADP,ATP, Ca2+ and adrenalin-function: involve in clotting and stopping the bleed: -aggregation -release components of granule, make thrombinogen become into thrombin, then later make fibrinogen become into fibrin protecting endothelium and take part in repairing of endothelium 3. Bone marrow and hem
17、opoiesis1) Places for hemopoiesis and structure of bone marrowPlaces for hemopoiesis: yalk sac( 3W)liver(6W) spleen(4M) bone marrow Structure of bone marrow: red bone marrow -hemopoietic tissue: reticular T.hemopoietic cell, macrophage, fibroblast, lipid-laden cell and mesenchymal cell -sinusoid: ca
18、p.*hemopoietic inductive microenvironment ( HIM): The environment for hemopoietic cell growth and development, bone marrow HIM includes N of bone marrow, BV, fiber, extracellular GS and hemopoietic stromal cells* stromal cells: -including reticular cell, fibroblast, macrophage, endothelial cell and
19、lipid-laden cell-function: supporting secrete cellular factors, regulate the proliferation and differentiating of hemopoietic cells2) Hemopoietic stem cell and hemopoietic progenitor cellhemopoietic stem cell(HSC): multipotential stem cell-originated yalk sac red bone marrow constitutes about 0.5% o
20、f total bone marrow cells-similar to small LC-feature: strong potential to proliferation, but generally in Go still statemultidifferentiated abilityability to copy itself: keep certain numberhemopoietic progenitor cell(HPC): committed stem cell-originated from hemopoietic stem cell-forming colony fo
21、rming unit(CFU) under the regulate of colony stimutating factor(CSF): CFU-GEMMBFU-E,CFU-ECFU-GMCFU-MKCFU-TL,CFU-BL3) General regulation of hemopoietic processes: -main steps: promordial stageimmature stagemature stage-regulations: size of cell become smaller and smaller Nucleus become smaller and smaller or disappears chromatin: from fine and loose to rough and dense cytoplasm: -more and more -basophilic: weaker and weaker -specific granule: more and more ability to division: from have to no, but keep the potentials
