1、(定语从句定语从句)2020/12/22 2一个一个美丽的美丽的女孩女孩 a beautiful girlbeautiful（形容词作前置定语）（形容词作前置定语）一个一个穿白色衣服的穿白色衣服的女孩女孩a girl in whitein white（介词短语作后置定语）（介词短语作后置定语）一个一个正唱歌的正唱歌的女孩女孩 a girl is singing who is singing（定语从句，（定语从句，a girl为先行词）为先行词）定语定语是句子成分之一，可以由单词、短是句子成分之一，可以由单词、短语或从句担当，语或从句担当，对名（代）词修饰和限制对名（代）词修饰和限制。名（代）。
2、名（代）词称为词称为中心词中心词。形容词作定语一般前置，短语和从句作形容词作定语一般前置，短语和从句作定语要后置，翻译成定语要后置，翻译成“的的”。另外名词、数词、。另外名词、数词、非谓语动词（短语）、介词短语也可以担当定语。非谓语动词（短语）、介词短语也可以担当定语。精品资料2020/12/24 4 你怎么称呼老师？ 如果老师最后没有总结一节课的重点的难点，你是否会认为老师的教学方法需要改进？ 你所经历的课堂，是讲座式还是讨论式？ 教师的教鞭 “不怕太阳晒，也不怕那风雨狂，只怕先生骂我笨，没有学问无颜见爹娘 ” “太阳当空照，花儿对我笑，小鸟说早早早”2020/12/25 5Li Ming
3、is a boy.Li Ming is a good boy .Li Ming is a good boy .形容词作定语形容词作定语介词短语作定语介词短语作定语在复合句中，修饰一个名词或代词的从句在复合句中，修饰一个名词或代词的从句叫做叫做定语从句定语从句。goodwith glasseswho is wearing glasses句子作定语句子作定语2020/12/26 6 先行词先行词引导词引导词(关系词）关系词） 从句从句Mary is a girl who has long hair.（被修饰的名词或代（被修饰的名词或代词）词）（跟在先行词后，引（跟在先行词后，引导从句的词）导从句的
4、词）修饰先行词的句子修饰先行词的句子定语从句分析定语从句分析 结构：先行词结构：先行词+引导词引导词+从句从句2020/12/27 7This is the card that Ive just received先行词先行词引导词引导词 从句从句关系关系代词代词 关系关系副词副词who,that ,which ,whom, whose Where, when,why2020/12/28 8 定语从句定语从句：由一个句子充当定语由一个句子充当定语从句的位置：从句的位置：在名词或代词后在名词或代词后先先 行行 词词： 被定语从句修饰的词被定语从句修饰的词引引 导导 词词：引导定语从句的词引导定语从
5、句的词 关系代词关系代词 关系副词关系副词 引导词的作用引导词的作用: (1)引导定语从句引导定语从句 (2)在从句中作一成份在从句中作一成份 (3)代替先行词在从句中的位置代替先行词在从句中的位置2020/12/29 9做题一般步骤做题一般步骤2020/12/21010In which = where 先行词先行词househouse，带入句子，带入句子This is the house_ I live.2020/12/21111关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词 先行词先行词 句中作用句中作用省否省否who人人主语主语/宾语宾语 关系代关系代词在句中词在句中作宾语可作宾语可以省略以省略who
6、m人人宾语宾语which物物主语宾语主语宾语 that人物人物主语宾语主语宾语whose人物人物定语定语When时间时间状语状语where地点地点状语状语whyreason状语状语2020/12/21212 关系代词who, whom的用法whowho和和whomwhom均只用于指人，不用于指事或物，其中均只用于指人，不用于指事或物，其中whowho在在定语从句中用作主语，定语从句中用作主语，whomwhom在定语从句中用作宾语。在定语从句中用作宾语。如：I met a girl who knew your sister. 我碰到一个认识你姐姐的姑娘。In Berlin, he first m
7、et the woman whom he would one day marry. 在柏林，他第一次遇见那个女人，后来他终于跟她结了婚。但是，用作宾语的但是，用作宾语的whomwhom如果不是紧跟在介词之后，通常如果不是紧跟在介词之后，通常会被省略或用会被省略或用who, thatwho, that代之。如：代之。如：The person to whom I complained is the manager. 我向他投诉的那个人是经理。The person (who, whom, that) I complained to is the manager. 我向他投诉的那个人是经理。关系代词的
8、作用关系代词的作用2020/12/21313 关系代词whose的用法关系代词whose既可用于指人，也可用于指事或物，它在定语从句中主要用作定语。如：She is the woman whose car was stolen. 她就是汽车被盗的This is the house whose windows were broken. 这就是窗户被打破了的房子。Mrs. Gray, whose children are in college, is trying to get a job. 格雷太太的孩子们都在上大学，她想找一份工作。His house, whose windows were a
9、ll broken, was a depressing sight. 他的房子窗户无一完好，一派令人心酸的景象。2020/12/21414关系代词关系代词WHICHWHICH的用法的用法which：只用于指事或物，不用于指人，它在定语从句中主要用作主语或宾语。如：（1）She was not on the train which arrived just now. 她不在刚才到达的那列火车上。（2）He never got back the money which he had lent him.他从未收回他曾借给他的那笔钱。which在引导定语从句，作宾语是可以省略： Is this the
10、 book（ which ）you are looking for？ (look for寻找) 这是你要找的书吗？2020/12/21515关系代词THAT用法一、指人的用法that用于指人，在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语或表语。如：A driver that has knocked someone down must stop. 撞人的司机必须停车。撞人的司机必须停车。He is the man that you have been looking for. 他就是你要找的那个人。他就是你要找的那个人。He is not that man that he was. 他已不是过去的他了。二、指物
11、的用法that用于指物，在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语或表语。如：This is the plane that will fly to Tokyo in the afternoon. 这是下午要飞往东京的那架飞机。这是下午要飞往东京的那架飞机。She was annoyed by something that I had said. 她为我说的某句话而不高兴。她为我说的某句话而不高兴。Shengzhen is not the city that it used to be. 深圳现在已不是原来的那个城市了。深圳现在已不是原来的那个城市了。2020/12/21616the handsomethe
12、tallthe strong the cleverthe naughtyboyThe boy is Tom.The boy who is handsome is Tom.The boy who is tall is Tom.The boy who is strong is TomThe boy who is clever is TomThe boy who is naughty is Tom.2020/12/21717 The boy is Tom. The boy is smiling. The boy is Tom. The boy has a round face. The boy wh
13、o is smiling is Tom. (主语主语)The boy who has a round face is Tom. The boy is Tom. He sits in front of me.The man who sits in front of me is Tom. 2020/12/21818 The woman got the job. The woman can speak Russian.The woman who can speak Russian got the job. The teacher will give us a talk. The teacher is
14、 famous.The teacher who is famous will give us a talk.2020/12/21919 The man is kind. Everyone likes him. The man (whom) everyone likes is kind. (宾语宾语) The woman got the job. We saw her on the street.The woman (whom) we saw on the street got the job. The teacher will give us a talk. We met the teache
15、r yesterday. The teacher (whom) we met yesterday will give us a talk.2020/12/22020 Ex:He is the teacher. The teacher can speak French. He is the teacher who can speak French. Do you know the man? He came to visit you today. Do you know the man who came to visit you today?2020/12/22121 The lady stepp
16、ed on his foot. He was dancing with the lady.The lady (whom) he was dancing with stepped on his foot. Do you know the man? You will visit him today.Do you know the man whom you will visit today?2020/12/22222applethe redthe greenthe smallthe bigThe apple which is red is mine.The apple which is green
17、is yours.The apple which is red is smallThe apple which is green is big.2020/12/22323 Mrs. Clark is angry with the goat . The goat is eating her flowers.Mrs. Clark is angry with the goat which is eating her flowers. Can you lend me the book? You talked about it last night.Can you lend me the book (w
18、hich) you talked about last night. 2020/12/22424A plane is a machine. It can fly.A plane is a machine that can fly.He is the man. I told you about him.He is the man (that) I told you about.2020/12/22525关系词关系词注意注意:从句中的谓从句中的谓语动词要和语动词要和先行词保持先行词保持一致一致that指人或物指人或物which指物指物who指人指人2020/12/226261、当先行词是anyth
19、ing, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much，each等修饰时 (1) Have you taken down everything (that) Mr. Li has said? (2) There seems to be nothing (that) seems impossible for him in the world. (3) All that can be done has been
20、 done. (4) There is little (that) I can do for you. 注意注意1 1：部分时候：部分时候thatthat可以省略，如部分例句将可以省略，如部分例句将thatthat用括号括用括号括住住。 注意注意2 2：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用whowho (4) Any man that/.who has a sense of duty wont do such a thing. that和和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下但在下列情况下, 一般用一般用that而不用而不用
21、which。2020/12/227272、当先行词被序数词修饰 The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.3、当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时 This is the best film that I have seen. 4、当形容词被the very, the only，the same,the last ,any,little等修饰时 (1) This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy, (2) After the fire in his house, t
22、he old car is the only thing that he owned. 当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who (3) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting？ 2020/12/228285、当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时 (1) Who is the man that is standing there? (2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 6、当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时 Can you remember
23、the scientist and his theory that we have learned? 7.当关系代词在定语从句中做表语 The village is no longer the one that it used to be 10 years ago. 8.当在there be句型中，通常情况下用that，不用which 2020/12/22929 who,that （先行词为人）区别（先行词为人）区别1.用用who不用不用that的情况：的情况：(1)当先行词为当先行词为one,ones,anyone,those时。时。(2)当先行词为人称代词时。当先行词为人称代词时。He w
24、ho does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.Those who have any difficulty with pronunciation should practise2.只能用只能用which which 的情况的情况: : 1.介词前置时关系代词只能用介词前置时关系代词只能用which(先行词为物先行词为物)2. 引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时只能用引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时只能用which(1) She failed the exam, which made her parents vary angry
25、. (2)My glasses,without which I was like a blind man,fell to the ground and broke.2020/12/23030Read the text again and find the Attributive Clauses: My necklace is not the only thing thats missing. 2. This is the cage that Polly lives in.3. We are looking for a thief who likes stealing parrots and n
26、ecklace.6. Ill shoot anyone who moves!4. When was the last time (that ) you saw the parrot?5. It was about some thieves who robbed a train 2020/12/231317. Ill shoot anyone who moves, anyone who moves!8. Is that the parrot which you are looking for?9. And is this the necklace that was stolen?10. Poll
27、y was the thief who stole Mums necklace!2020/12/232321.This is all_I know about the matter. A.that B.what C.who D.whether2Is there anything else_you require? A.which B.that C.who D.what3.The last place _we visited was the Great Wall. A.which B.that C.where D.it4.He talked happily about the men and b
28、ooks_ interested him greatly in the school. A.which B.that C.it D.whom5.There is no dictionary_you can find everything. A.that B.which C.where D.in that6.This is one of the best books_. A.that have ever been writtenC.that has written B.that has ever been written D.that have writtenABBBCA2020/12/2333
29、37.He wrote a letter to me,telling me everything_ _ _ he saw on the way to the Paris. A.what B.that C.which D.where8.Is oxygen the only gas_helps fire burn? A.that B./ C.which D.it9.Is there anything_to you? A.that is belonged B.that belongs C.which belongs D.that belong10.The scientist and his achi
30、evements_you told me about are admired by us all. A.which B.that C.who D.whose11.Which of the books_were borrowed from him is the best? A.which B.what C.that D.whoseBABBC2020/12/2343412.The terrible typhoon killed the people and cattle _ were in the fields.13.The wind blew down the tallest tree _ is
31、 in front of our school gate.14.This is the very thing _ I was looking for.15.This is the second novel _I have ever read.16.There is nothing in the world _ can frighten me.17.Who is the man _ is reading under the tree?18.My hometown is not the same one _ it used to be twenty years ago.thatthatthatth
32、atthatthatthat2020/12/23535whosewhose 在定语从句中作定语在定语从句中作定语, ,表示引导词表示引导词与与 whosewhose 后的名词为所属关系。后的名词为所属关系。 whosewhose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与多指人，也可指物，指物时可与 of of whichwhich互换使用。互换使用。 This is the book This is the book whosewhose cover is blue. cover is blue.This is the book This is the book of whichof which the c
33、over the cover is blueis blue This is the book This is the book the cover of whichthe cover of which is is blueblue2020/12/23636Do you know the girl?Her hair is very short in our classDo you know the girl whose hair is the hair of whomvery short in our class?He is the student.I broke his pencil yest
34、erdayHe is the student whose pencil the pencil of whomI broke yesterday. 2020/12/23737Mr King was quickly taken to hospital. Her legs were badly hurt.Mr King, Mr King, whosewhose legs were badly hurt, legs were badly hurt, was quickly taken to hospital.was quickly taken to hospital.We shall make a d
35、ecision about Ms King. I have told you her story.We shall make a decision about Ms We shall make a decision about Ms King, King, whosewhose story I have told you. story I have told you.2020/12/23838.The chair is being repaired now.The legs of the chair are broken.The chair,whose legs are broken the
36、legs of which are broken, of which the legs are broken is being repaired now. The boss of the company told the story about . His name was Mr Little.The boss of the company, whose name was Mr Little, told the story about Ms King2020/12/23939This teacher is liked by all the students.I work with her so
37、n. This teacher,with whose son I work, is liked by all the studentsThe boss had heard about the accident.Mr King worked in his department.The boss in whose department Mr King worked had heard about the accident.2020/12/240401 The river _are covered with trees is very long. A which banks B of which b
38、anks C whose the banks D the banks of which2 she likes to use words _is clear to him.A of which the meaning B of which meaningC whose of meaning D meaning of which3 The manager_company they worked agreed _their decision.A which, with B in which, to C whose, with D in whose, with4 Look! The dictionar
39、y ,_is red, is a birthday gift given by my parents. A which cover B the cover of which C the whose cover D that the cover5 Mr. Brown,_, works as the manager of the company.A we got here in his car B we got here by carC in whose car we got here D by whose car we got hereDADBC2020/12/241416 Will you p
40、lease show me the girl _name is Linda? A who B whom C whose D which7 It was a meeting ,_importance I did not realize at the time. A which B of which C its D whose8 Do you know who is living in that house _windows face south? A whose B which C which of D its9 what about the watch price is 100 yuan？ A
41、 that B its C which D whose 10 We telephoned the man home we lived in 1996. A whose B in whose C of which D his 11 Mark Twins , for _life had once been very hard, wrote many famous novels. A whose B who C whom D his 12 There is a mountain _is always covered with snow. A whose the top B of which top
42、C its top D of which the top CDADBCD2020/12/24242As As 也可以用来引导定语从句也可以用来引导定语从句.当先行词与当先行词与as,so,such,the same 连用或先行词本身是连用或先行词本身是such,the same时时,关系代词用关系代词用as. As在从句中作主语、在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。宾语或表语。1.He is not such a man as only thinks of himself. 2.I should like to use the same pen as I used yesterday.3.Such p
43、roblems as are often mentioned should be solved.4.I will read as many books as are required.5. Here is so big a stone as no one can lift.2020/12/24343关系副词关系副词关系副词：在句中作状语关系副词：在句中作状语 关系副词关系副词= =介词介词+ +关系代词关系代词 why=for which why=for which where=in/ at/ on/ . where=in/ at/ on/ . which (which (介词同先行词搭配介词
44、同先行词搭配) ) when=during/ when=during/ on/ in/ . which (on/ in/ . which (介词同先行词搭配介词同先行词搭配) ) 2020/12/24444whenwhen指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用 (1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school. (2) The time when we got together finally came.wherewhere指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语指地点，在定语从句中
45、做地点状语 (1) Shanghai is the city where I was born. (2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.2020/12/24545whywhy指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语 (1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. (2) I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由注意：关系副词引导的从句
46、可以由“介词介词+ +关系代词关系代词”引引导的从句替换导的从句替换 (1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear, (2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.2020/12/24646介词介词+ +关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句指代对象指代对象 先行词先行词 关系副词及相应结构关系副词及相应结构时间时间dayyeardatet
47、imewhenduring which time地点地点the placethe city地点地点wherein whichfrom which原因原因the reasonwhythatfor which2020/12/24747when在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介介词词+关系代词（关系代词（which）”。Ill never forget the day when I joined the leagueon whichwhere在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介介词词+关系代词（关系代词（which）”。This is the
48、 house This is the house wherewhere I lived two years ago. I lived two years ago.in which2020/12/24848why在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词介词for+ 关系代词（关系代词（which）”。Do you know the reason why she was late.It rained heavily, for which he was late for the class.1. This is the town _ I was born. This is
49、the town _ I visited last week.2. I will never forget the day _ I came to school. I will never forget the day _ I spent with you.3. This is the reason _ he was late. This is the reason _ he told me. The reason _he explained is not true. where whichwhenwhichwhywhichwhich2020/12/24949“介词关系代词介词关系代词(who
50、m/which)”引导定语引导定语从句应注意：从句应注意： 1介词的选用至少要考虑以下的两个因素介词的选用至少要考虑以下的两个因素A.与先行词的搭配关系与先行词的搭配关系1）I will never forget the day _ I joined the army.2) I will never forget the days _ I worked in the school.3) I will never forget the year _ my sonwent to college.4) I got home at 7:00 p.m. yesterday, _ most people
