1、宁波大学宁波大学 2016 年攻读硕士学位研究生年攻读硕士学位研究生入入 学学 考考 试试 试试 题题(A 卷卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目考试科目:基础英语基础英语科目代码科目代码：661适用专业适用专业:英语语言文学英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学第 1 页 共 8 页I. Vocabulary (20 points)Directions: There are two sections in this item, which test your use of vocabulary.Remember to write your answers
2、 on the Answer Sheet.Section A. Multiple choices. Choose an answer from A, B, C and D that best explains theunderlined word or phrase in each of the following sentences (0.520 points).1. Little donkeys with harmonious tinkling bells thread their way among the throngs of people.A. pushB. zigzagC. kil
3、lD. work2. “See? This is where it is.” He sketched a little map for me on the back of my invitation.A. pointed outB. roughed outC. stretched outD. fetched out3. The earthen floor, beaten hard by countless feet, deadens the sound of footsteps.A. killsB. murdersC. mufflesD. deafens4. She has told me o
4、nce that she thinks orchids are tacky flowers.A. greatly beautiful B. greatly tactfulC. conventionally beautifulD. conventionally tactful5. After a hearty breakfast, my companions and I traveled by snowmobiles a few miles farther north toa rendezvous point where the ice was thinner and a nuclear sub
5、marine hovered in the water below.A. substantialB. heart-stirringC. cordialD. heartfelt6. “One thing Id like to know. I got a curious nature, maam. Howd you figure where he was?”A. numberB. drawC. guessD. symbolize7. In Hemingways The Old Man and the Sea, Santiago was a fisherman by trade.A. commerc
6、eB. exchangeC. barterD. profession8. Digitalization is a mathematical scheme that translates data into the simplest form.A. changesB. makesC. treatsD. deals9. Now that our relationship to the earth has changed so utterly, we have to see that changeandunderstand its implications.A. significancesB. co
7、nsequencesC. implied meanings D. sequences10. I was offered my teaching job back but I declined.A. inclinedB. reclinedC. refusedD. incurred11. Some industry observers predict the development of two parallel home markets.A. homelyB. nativeC. localD. domestic宁波大学宁波大学 2016 年攻读硕士学位研究生年攻读硕士学位研究生入入 学学 考考
8、试试 试试 题题(A 卷卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目考试科目:基础英语基础英语科目代码科目代码：661适用专业适用专业:英语语言文学英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学第 2 页 共 8 页12. Piquette must have been seventeen then, although she looked about twenty. I stared at her,astounded that anyone could have changed so much.A. overwhelmedB. greatly surprisedC. w
9、orriedD. frightened13. Hitlers blood lust and the hateful appetites have impelled him on his Russian adventure.A. ambitionB. stomachC. bellyD. intestines14. Burne-Wilkes cabin had the dark, warm, comfortable look of a library den. “I say, Henry, what isyour position on shipboard drinking? I have a f
10、air bottle of cherry here.”A. much-contentedB. justC. niceD. beautiful15. No one would anticipate that my case would snowball into one of the most famous trials in history.A. evolveB. runC. developD. roll16. Mr. President, I second the proposal! (A silence; Hancock swats a fly.)A. succeedB. proposeC
11、. supportD. stand17. The house detectives gaze moved on to sweep the spacious, well-appointed room.A. cleanB. mopC. clearD. examine18. They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into thenameless mounds of the graveyard.A. work hardB. feel hotC. fall il
12、lD. feel hungry19. Sitting in her chair, she clasped her hands in order to conceal their trembling.A. pretendB. uncoverC. preventD. disguise20. I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly acentury and three-quarters ago.A. imposedB. describedC. inscr
13、ibedD. subscribedSection B. Lexical interpretation. There are ten words or phrases underlined in thefollowing sentences. You are required to use other English words or phrases to explainthem with the meanings that best suit those sentences (110 points).For example:Johnny Carson has much to do to kee
14、p up with my quick and witty tongue.Answer: great eloquence1. Quickly the trickle becomes a flood of glistening linseed oil as the beam sinks earthwards, taut andprotesting.2. I went back to my room with a heavy heart. I had gravely underestimated the size of my task.3. Here you can find beautiful p
15、ots and bowls engraved with delicate and intricate traditional designs,or the simple, everyday kitchenware used in this country.宁波大学宁波大学 2016 年攻读硕士学位研究生年攻读硕士学位研究生入入 学学 考考 试试 试试 题题(A 卷卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目考试科目:基础英语基础英语科目代码科目代码：661适用专业适用专业:英语语言文学英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学第 3 页 共 8 页4. Barring
16、 the catastrophe of nuclear war, it will continue to shape both modern culture and theconsciousness of those who inhabit that culture.5. The Nazi regime excels all forms of human wickedness in the efficiency of its cruelty and ferociousaggression.6. It was familiar ground; boy and man, I had been th
17、rough it often before. But somehow I had neverquite sensed its appalling desolation.7. This is a war in which the whole nation is engaged without distinction of race, creed, or party.8. Ever-increasing production, the drive to make bigger and better things, have become aims inthemselves, new ideals.
18、 Work has become alienated from the working person.9. I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly acentury and three-quarters ago.10. What they had wanted was an America more sensitive to art and culture, less avid for material gain.II. Cloze (20 poi
19、nts)Directions: There are twenty blanks in the following passage. You are required to fillthe words or phrases in them that best complete the passage to make a smooth andlogical reading semantically, syntactically and textually. The words that you use tofill in the blanks can be any that you think a
20、re suitable and able to make the passagesmooth in meaning and grammar.Radical feminists, however, remained hostile to the temptations of consumer capitalism. Drawinginspiration from the civil rights slogan “The Personal is Political,” movement activists (1) _ asCasey Hayden and Mary King began (2) _
21、 organize women against the male domination (3)_ SNCC (Students for a Democratic Society), and (4) _ groups. Despite the radicalcommunitys support (5) _ equal rights, they asserted, New Left men reflected theestablishment culture by assigning women office duties (6) _ other minor tasks. Feminists al
22、socomplained (7) _ the male-oriented sexual revolution degraded women (8) _ treatingthem (9) _ playthings and objects (10) _ conquests.While their male colleagues greeted their efforts with ridicule and open hostility, New Left womenintroduced “rap” sessions to share (11) _ complaints and address ge
23、nder identity issues. (12)_ 1968, 200 (13) _ feminists organized (14) _ first womens liberationdemonstration. Calling themselves the Womens International Terrorist Conspiracy from Hell(WITCH), activists projected (15) _ “sexism” and capitalisms “objectification” of womensbodies. They picketed the Mi
24、ss America Pageant and threw “instruments of torture” such as brassieres宁波大学宁波大学 2016 年攻读硕士学位研究生年攻读硕士学位研究生入入 学学 考考 试试 试试 题题(A 卷卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目考试科目:基础英语基础英语科目代码科目代码：661适用专业适用专业:英语语言文学英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学第 4 页 共 8 页and high-heeled (16) _ into a “freedom trash can.” Feminists focus
25、ed (17) _ womenscontrol of their (18) _ bodies with an agenda (19) _ included the right to legal abortions,distribution of birth control literature, and passage of tougher laws (20) _ rape and spousalabuse.III. Error Detection and Correction (20 points)Directions: There are twenty-one errors in the
26、following passage. You may detectand correct either twenty of them or more than that. When you get more than twentycorrect answers, your scores will not surpass twenty. Remember to write youranswers on the Answer Sheet.As a human beings, you have maintained across time a coresense of self, thanks in
27、 good part as memory. Nevertheless, the I thatis you is daily modified by what you experience, by what you werelearning and coming to know. Five year ago, you were not the sameperson you are today; ten years hence, you will not precisely theperson you now are. As you are age, you steadily accumulate
28、knowledge, some of it formally, some of it informally. Consideringsome of the things you know in presentabout history, about people,about work, about etiquette, about science, about style. Then thinkabout what you garnered that knowledge. Chances is that some of ityou acquired formally in school: wh
29、at you to know about thecontributionofAncientGreeceofmoderndemocracy,yourunderstanding of photosynthesis or Euclidean geometry, you abilityto differentiate satire from irony. Some things you may have learnthrough a combination of formally instruction, observation andpractice: how to work successful
30、in a group, how to wait oncustomers efficiently and courteously, how to apply brakes skillfullyin traffics, how to cut food with a knife, what clothes to wear to theprom.Andsomeknowledgesyouprobableacquiredalmostexclusively from extended experience: what acquaintances to trustand not to trust, what
31、writers and musicians appeal or do not appealto you, what aptitudes your possess or lack for particular fields ofstudy.(1) _(2) _(3) _(4) _(5) _(6) _(7) _(8) _(9) _(10) _(11) _(12) _(13) _(14) _(15) _(16) _(17) _(18) _(19) _(20) _(21) _宁波大学宁波大学 2016 年攻读硕士学位研究生年攻读硕士学位研究生入入 学学 考考 试试 试试 题题(A 卷卷)(答案必须写在
32、答题纸上)考试科目考试科目:基础英语基础英语科目代码科目代码：661适用专业适用专业:英语语言文学英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学第 5 页 共 8 页IV. Sentence Paraphrase (10 points)Directions: There are five long or difficult sentences underlined in the followingpassage. You are required to paraphrase them in your own words according to thecontex
33、t. Remember to write your answers on the Answer Sheet.(1) Britains merchant navy seldom grabs the headlines these days; it is almost a forgotten industry.Yet shipping is the essential lifeline for the nations economy. Ninety-nine per cent of our trade in andout of the country goes by shipand over ha
34、lf of it in British ships.(2) Shipping is also a significant British success story. It earns over 1000 million a year inforeign exchange earnings: without our merchant fleet, the balance of payments would be permanentlyin deficit, despite North Sea oil. But, today this vital British industry is more
35、 in peril than ever before.(3) On almost all the major sea routes of the world, the British fleet risks being elbowed out by stiffforeign competition.The threat comes from two main directions: from the Russians and the Eastern bloc countries (4)who are now in the middle of a massive expansion of the
36、ir merchant navies, and carving their way intothe international shipping trade by severely undercutting Western shipping companies; and from themerchant fleets of the developing nations, (5) who are bent on taking over the lions share of the tradebetween Europe and Africa, Asia and the Far Eastroute
37、s in which Britain has a big stake.V. Reading Comprehension (30 points)Directions: There are three sections in this item with a passage in each section.Section A requires you to read a passage and provide a brief answer to each of thegiven questions. Section B requires you to read and judge whether
38、the relevantstatements are true or false. Section C requires you to read and then write asummary of it. Remember to write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Section A. Read the following passage and provide a brief answer to the questions afterthe passage (2.54 points).If someone says to you Our car h
39、as broken down, your reaction may simply be to feel sorry. Forthe linguist, though, even such a simple utterance calls for quite an elaborate explanation. As far as themeaning and the grammar of the sentence are concerned, a traditional description would try toparaphrase the meanings of the words us
40、ed; it would analyze the clause pattern (here a simplecombination of subject and verb or predicate), and would probably go on to discuss the use of thepresent perfect tense.Modern linguists have on the whole not been satisfied with the traditional explanation of grammaticalstructures and word meanin
41、gs. Indeed much work in modern linguistics has been devoted toconstructing rules that would produce our initial sentence, but would exclude sentences like We car has宁波大学宁波大学 2016 年攻读硕士学位研究生年攻读硕士学位研究生入入 学学 考考 试试 试试 题题(A 卷卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目考试科目:基础英语基础英语科目代码科目代码：661适用专业适用专业:英语语言文学英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学
42、、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学第 6 页 共 8 页broken down or Our car has jumped up as not well-formed. The ultimate goal of this endeavor has beento establish a body of logical rules for generating the sentences of a language that are grammaticallycorrect and semantically acceptable. For the individual words a set of
43、objective semantic features hasbeen proposed which would guarantee that the words are inserted appropriately into the grammaticalstructure. Thus the meaning of car would be described with the semantic features inanimate,concrete, movable and self-propelled.Assuming that the logical rules and objecti
44、ve semantic features which generate language arestored in our memory, it seems only natural to claim that they are of a mental nature. This approach istherefore also cognitive in the original sense of the word (i.e. related to knowledge). However, it isnot the kind of cognitive linguistics that our
45、topic is about. To distinguish this approach from what wehave in mind when we talk about cognitive linguistics, we will characterize it as the logical view incognitive linguistics.As we understand the term, cognitive linguistics is today chiefly represented by the experientialview. Its main claim is
46、 that instead of postulating logical rules and objective definitions on the basis oftheoretical considerations and introspection, a more practical and empirical path should be pursued. Forexample, one can ask language users to describe what is going on in their minds when they produce andunderstand
47、words and sentences. As experiments have shown, people will not only state that a car has abox-like shape, that it has wheels, doors, and windows, that it is driven by an engine and equipped witha steering wheel, an accelerator and brakes, and that it has seats for the driver and the passengers. Mor
48、elikely than not, it will also be mentioned that a car is comfortable and fast, that it offers mobility,independence and perhaps social status. Some people may connect the notion of car with their first loveaffair, or with injury if they were once involved in an accident.1. What would a traditional
49、linguist do with Our car has broken down?2. What would a modern linguist do with Our car has broken down?3. How is the logical view related to cognitive linguistics?4. What is the claim of the experiential view?Section B. Read the following passage and decide whether the statements after it are true
50、or false (2.54 points).It is strange and disturbing to watch the straight (i.e., mainstream) communitys angry, sometimesviolent reaction to the hippies. There are many reasons for this. The principal one is appearance. Thehippies dress strangely. They dress this way because they have thrown a lot of
