1、 英语简单句五种基本句型英语简单句五种基本句型 A: 词类及基本用法词类及基本用法.Members of sentence: S - subjectV-verbP - predicative O - objectAttri.-attributeAdv.- adverbOc - object complement 主主宾宾表表补补定定状状谓谓.句子基本成分I saw a tall boy take your book just now. 主主谓谓宾宾定定补补状状 B：简单句五种基本句型：简单句五种基本句型简单句：只有简单句：只有主语主语(或并列主语或并列主语) 和和谓语谓语(或并列谓语或并列谓语
2、)的句子的句子: .主主+ +谓谓(S+V)(S+V)主主+ +系系+ +表表(S+V+P)(S+V+P)主主+ +谓谓+ +宾宾(S+V+O)(S+V+O) 五种基本句型分别是五种基本句型分别是：12345主主+ +谓谓+ +间宾间宾+ +直宾直宾(S+V+IO+DO)(S+V+IO+DO)主主+ +谓谓+ +宾宾+ +宾补宾补(S+V+O+C)(S+V+O+C)基本句型基本句型 一一 特点特点: :句子的句子的谓语动词谓语动词都能表达都能表达完整完整的意思。的意思。 这类动词叫做这类动词叫做不及物动词不及物动词，后面可以，后面可以 跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等
3、。 e.g. e.g. His wordsHis words worksworks. . S S VSummer is coming.happen occurtake place come aboutbreak outrun out give out 宾语宾语被动语态被动语态(F)（T）(F)(T)基本句型 二 特点：句子谓语动词都特点：句子谓语动词都不能不能表达一个完整的意思，表达一个完整的意思， 必须必须加上加上一个表明主语身份或状态的一个表明主语身份或状态的表语表语构构 成成复合谓语复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。，才能表达完整的意思。 这类动词叫做这类动词叫做( (连连) )系系动词。动
4、词。 系动词可分四类：系动词可分四类： 1 1）be 本身没有什么意义本身没有什么意义, ,只起连系主语和表语的只起连系主语和表语的 作用作用, ,后可接动词外的任何词；后可接动词外的任何词； 2 2）感官动词类）感官动词类 look, feel, smell, taste, sound等等 +adj. 3）表示变化：）表示变化：get, grow, become, turn, go等等 4）表示状态延续：）表示状态延续：stay, keep, prove, remain, stand等等 +adj. +adj. adj. 宾语宾语被动语态被动语态tastes delicioussounds
5、interestinggoes bad 基本句型基本句型 三三 特点：谓语动词都是特点：谓语动词都是实义动词实义动词，但不能表，但不能表 达完整的意思，必须跟宾语，即动达完整的意思，必须跟宾语，即动 作的承受者，才能使意思完整。作的承受者，才能使意思完整。 这类动词叫做这类动词叫做及物动词及物动词。 e.g. We like the movie. S Vo S V (Vt.) O她经常帮她妈妈。她经常帮她妈妈。 She often helps her mother.2. 我想要一杯茶。我想要一杯茶。 I want a cup of tea. 基本句型基本句型 四四 + +InO +D 特点：谓
6、语动词必须跟有特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个两个宾语才能表达完宾语才能表达完 整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直直 接承受者接承受者，另一个是动作的，另一个是动作的间接承受者间接承受者。 通常可改为通常可改为 S +V+DO+prep.+InO e.g. She gave me an apple. =She gave an apple to me.InOD S V (Vt.) InO DOShe passed him a new dress.She passed a new dress to him.2.John 告诉我他的想法。告诉我他的想法。 John told
7、 me his idea. John told his idea to me.3.妈妈给我买了一台新电脑。妈妈给我买了一台新电脑。My mum bought me a new computer.My mum bought a new computer for me.练习：标出下列句子的直接宾语和练习：标出下列句子的直接宾语和间接宾语。间接宾语。1.Can you do me a favor?2. Lei Feng set us a good example.3. He found me my bike.4. Tom lent her some money.5. Ill write you a
8、letter tonight. 基本句型基本句型 五五补充说明宾语干什么补充说明宾语干什么, 或处于何种状态。或处于何种状态。 和和可可充当宾补充当宾补. e.g. We made him the manager. SI consider the book too expensive.VOOC形容词形容词名词名词介词短语介词短语过去分词过去分词现在分词现在分词省略掉省略掉to的不定式的不定式不定式不定式 基本句型的扩展基本句型的扩展: e.g. We found the hall full. 我们发现礼堂坐满了。我们发现礼堂坐满了。 We found the great hall full o
9、f students and teachers. We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个重要报我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个重要报告。告。 We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听人民日我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听人民日报的一位同志作有
10、关东欧局势的重要报告。报的一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告。made by a comrade from the Peoples Daily on current affairs in East Europe._ 同一个动词使用的句型也不尽一样，因此在学习动词时，同一个动词使用的句型也不尽一样，因此在学习动词时， 应应掌握动词的类型掌握动词的类型。以。以 get 为例：为例： Hes getting angry. Youll get a surprise. He got his shoes and socks wet. 在句子中在句子中词类和词的位置词类和词的位置也影响句子的句型和意思也影响句
11、子的句型和意思: I found the book easily. 我很容易地找到了这本书。我很容易地找到了这本书。 I found the book easy. 我觉得这本书很容易。我觉得这本书很容易。 (S V P)(S V O)(S V O C)(S V O )（S V O C）并列句并列句(compound sentence): 把两个或几个简单句用把两个或几个简单句用并列连词并列连词或或分号分号连连接起来，则成为一个并列接起来，则成为一个并列句。句。 and, both.and., not only. but also., neither. nor. but,while,yetfor
12、, soor, He was tired, so he went to bed. The dress is really beautiful, but I cant afford it.3. Mary is cooking. John is greeting guests.Mary is cooking ,and / while John is greeting guests.1. He not only works hard but he also likes helping others.2.Not only he hard but he also likes helping others
13、.(三）复合句三）复合句:主句主句+从句从句主句主句是一个是一个完整的句子完整的句子(independent sentence),它可以独立存在它可以独立存在。从句从句是一个是一个不完整的句子不完整的句子,它必须和它必须和一个主句连用，不能独立存在一个主句连用，不能独立存在. 按结构英语句子主要可以分成三种：按结构英语句子主要可以分成三种： 简单句，简单句， 并列句，复合句并列句，复合句 e.g. 1) The teachers name is Smith. 2) The teachers name is Smith and the students name is John. 3) He i
14、s Smith who likes going hiking. - 4) He is Smith and he likes going hiking. 5) Hurry up, or youll be late. 6) I saw him when I walked past the street. 7) He often gets up early because he wants to catch the early bus.简单句简单句并列句并列句复合句复合句并列句并列句并列句并列句 复合句复合句 复合句复合句. Analyze the sentences: I can well rem
15、ember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.SV_ OcSVPAc（ ）_S_VOOC. Its no pleasure looking through these anylonger because nature is one thing that really must be experienced. SVP_ _SAd.C(状从状从) SVP_At.C(定从定从). At
16、first the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from the English spoken today.S()At.(定语定语)VP()At.(定语定语). Then gradually between about AD 800and 1150 English became less like Germanbecause those who ruled England spoke first Danish and later French. SVPAd.CSVO_()At. C(定从定从). Homework Preview Unit 11. Analyze 5 sentences
