1、 高级英语高级英语 精品课程精品课程 第二册第二册制作人：制作人： 徐李洁徐李洁 Unit 2 Marrakech By George Orwell Objectives of Lesson TwonTo familiarize with the background knowledge of George Orwell, Morocco, French colonies, Marrakech; JewsnTo learn expository writing;nTo analyze the theme and the writers opinion of colonialism. Backg
2、round KnowledgenGeorge OrwellnMorocconMarrakechnFrench ColoniesnJewsnAnalysis of the text Orwells Political pointnOrwell was a keen critic of imperialism , fascism ,Stalinism, and capitalism.nHis works are concerned with the sociopolitical conditions of his time, notably with the problem of human fr
3、eedom.nHis work is marked by a profound consciousness of social injustice, an intense dislike of totalitarianism（极权主义）（极权主义）, and a passion for clarity in language.nAs in Animal Farm, Nineteen eighty-four Orwells Rules for writersnNever use metaphor, simile, or other figure of speech which you are u
4、sed to seeing in print. nNever use a long word where a short one will do. nIf it is possible to cut a word out, always cut it out. nNever use the passive voice where you can use the active. nNever use a foreign phrase, a scientific word, or a jargon word if you can think of an everyday English equiv
5、alent. nBreak any of these rules sooner than say anything outright barbarous. nDefinition of Colonyn1. a. emigrants or their descendants in a distant territory but remain subject to or closely associated with the parent country. In politics and in history, a colony is a territory under the immediate
6、 political control of a geographically-distant state (or city, in ancient times). n b. A territory thus settled.n2. A region politically controlled by a distant country; a dependency.n3. A group of people who have been institutionalized in a relatively remote area nColonize vt. e.g. Britain colonize
7、d Australia.nColonist (殖民地居民， 移民）， ncolonialism, ncolonialist, nColonization, colonizationist (主张开拓殖民地者）nColonial countrynColony （殖民地， 居住区） e.g. the artists colony in New York city Evils of colonialismScene 1 (1-3)Scene 2 (4-7)Scene 6 (22-26)Scene 3 (8-15)Scene 5 (19-21)Scene 4 (6-18) Six Scenes to
8、expose the evils of colonialismScene 1: The burial of the poor inhabitants (para 1-3) The idea: Life is cheap. People are so poor that they can not afford proper burials.Scene 2: The begging of bread of an employee (para 4-7) The idea: Life is poor. People cant afford proper food.Scene 3: Living con
9、dition of the Jews (para 8-15) The idea: Jews live in great poverty and under prejudice.Scene 4: Cultivation of soil (para 16-18) The idea: Hard way of making a living.Scene 5: Life of women (para 19-21) The idea: Miserable life of old women, no better than a donkeyScene 6: the soldiers (para 22-26)
10、 The idea: The negroes attitude towards the whites nWhy did the writer choose these scenes?nWhat do you think they represent?nDo you think these scenes are effective to achieve the writers purpose?nWhat else would you add?nWhat is the tone of the writer throughout the text? Scene 1: The burial of th
11、e poor inhabitants (para 1-3)Scene 1: The burial of the poor inhabitants (para 1-3) Life is cheap. People are so poor that they can not afford proper burials.Words and Expressionswail: to cry out in mourning or lamentation 悲伤地哭号悲伤地哭号 The wind wailed through the treeschant: a simple liturgical song i
12、n which a string of syllables or words is sung to each tonebier: a platform or portable framework on which a coffin or corpse is placedhack: to break up (land) with a hoe, mattock, etc.oblong: adj. longer than broad; elongatedhummocky: adj. full of or looking like low, rounded hills 布满小丘的布满小丘的dereli
13、ct: adj. deserted by the owner; abandoned; forsakenprickly pear: any of a genus of cactus plans having cylindrical or large, flat, oval stem joints and edible fruits 仙人掌仙人掌 (属属) Paragraphing & Interpretingthe flies left the restaurant table in a cloud and rushed after it, but they came back in a few
14、 minutes later. The cloud of flies flying to the corpse and then coming back to the restaurant shows the unsanitary conditions of the citythe taxis and the camels modern means of transportation alongside the old and backward means of transportationWhen the friends get to the burying-ground they hack
15、 an oblong hole a foot and two deep, dump the body in it and fling over it a little of the dried-up, lumpy earth, which is like the broken brick. The list of action verbs are all single-syllabic, showing the quick speed and simple burying procedure Are they really? Do they ? Or are they individual a
16、s bees or coral insects? A list of rhetorical questions added force to authors denunciationThey rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard and nobody notices that they are gone. alliteration, showing the monotonous
17、life. They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally they die and are buried in graves without a name. Scene 2: The begging of bread of an employee Scene 2: The begging of bread of an employee (para 4-7)(para 4-7) Life is poor. People cant afford proper food.Words and Expres
18、sions gazelle: n. any of various small, swift, graceful antelopes of Africa, the New East , and Asia, with spirally twisted, backward pointing horns and large, lustrous eyes. 瞪羚瞪羚hindquarter: n. either of two hind edges legs and loins of a carcass of veal, beef, lamb, etc. (pl.) the hind legs of a f
19、our-legged animalnibble: to eat (food) with quick bites, taking only a small amount at a time, as a mouse does. The fish were nibbling at the baitbutt: to strike or push with the head or horns; ran with the head navvy: (BrE) an unskilled laborer, an on canals, roadssidle: to move sideways, esp. in a
20、 shy, fearful or stealthily mannerstow: to pack or store away, esp. to pack in an orderly, compact mannermunicipality: a city, town, etc. having its own incorporated government 自治市自治市 Paragraphing & InterpretingAn Arab navvy working on the path nearby lowered his heavy hoe and sidled slowly towards
21、us. Although the laborer was hungry, he was not used to begging. Therefore he moved slowly and shyly.I could eat some of that bread. This is an indirect request and expresses a desire to eat some of the bread . The word “could” suggests politeness and uncertainty. I took off a piece and he stowed it
22、 gratefully in some secret place under his rags. The word “stow” and “secret” show that the navvy looks at the piece of bread as something precious. He is afraid of loosing it.This man is an employee of the municipality. This simple statement is very important. It serves to convey a deeper meaning.
23、“Even an employed laborer goes starving, so you can imagine the plight of the poorer people. Scene 3: Living condition of the Jews (para 8-15) Scene 3: Living condition of the Jews (para 8-15) Jews live in great property and under prejudice.Words and Expressions ghetto: n. (in certain European citie
24、s) a section to which Jews were formerly restricted; cluster: to gather or grow in a cluster or clustersskull-cap: n. a light, closefitting, brimless cap, usually worn indoors.infest: to overrun or inhabit in large numbers, usu. so as to be harmful or bothersome; swarm in or over. Fly-infestedwarp:
25、to become bent or twisted out of shapefrenzied: adj. full of uncontrolled excitementclamour: v. n. (to) make a loud confused noise or shout; cry outself-contained: adj. having within oneself or itself all that is necessary; self-sufficient, as a community nImpossible-hard to deal with, sth. That can
26、not happene.g. It was not an impossible scheme. His bad temper makes life impossible for all the family. He is an impossible person to work with. Inflation is an impossible problem. nGrope to feel or search about blindlye.g. In the darkness, I groped for the door handle. Throughout the ages men have
27、 groped after the meaning of the Universe and their own role in it. The lecturer paused, groping for the most effective word to express his meaning. They had to grope their way through a mist that was rapidly turning into a thick fog. Paragraphing & Interpreting(para9) the houses are completely wind
28、owless. Windowless because the houses sit so close to each other that it is inconvenient to have windows.Sore-eyed children cluster , like clouds of flies. A simile, comparing clusters of children to clouds of flies. The repeated use of flies shows the unsanitary conditions and the prevalence of dis
29、eases in colonial countries(para 11) Fruitsellers, potters, silversmiths, blacksmiths, butchers, leather-workers, tailors, water-carriers, beggars, porters There is a list of jobs here including that of beggar. whichever way you look a good job Hitler wasnt here. It was lucky for the Jews that Hilte
30、r had not come to this place. If he had, the Jews would have been exterminated as they were in Poland and other Europeans countries.(para 15) In just the same way, a couple of hundred years ago, poor old women used to be burned for witchcraft when they could not even work enough magic to get themsel
31、ves a square meal. a square meal: a decent substantial mealAnalogy is used here. It means that these peoples accusation of the Jews was as absurd and irrational as the accusation of the witchcraft. Scene 4: Cultivation of soil (para 16-18)Scene 4: Cultivation of soil (para 16-18)Hard way of making a
32、 living.Words and Expressions conspicuous: adj. attracting attention by being unexpected, unusual, outstandingChances are that : (oral) it is possible Chances are that he has heard the news.ones eyes take in: see, look at I was too busy taking in the beautiful furniture to notice who was in the room
33、. Her eyes were taking in nothing but the expensive hats. It was amusing to see his surprise as he took in the new car. Foreign Legionnaires: France organized a foreign legion shortly after the conquest of Algiers in 1830, enlisting recruits who were not French subjects. Its international character
34、and the tradition of not revealing enlistees backgrounds have helped to surround the Foreign Legion with an aura of mystery and romancewring: v. to get or extract by force, threats, persistence, etc; extort wring money from sb. 勒索某人勒索某人back-breaking: requiring great physical exertion; very tiring; n
35、erve-rackingdesolate: adj. uninhabited; deserted, forlorn Paragraphing & InterpretingnThe author is extremely bitter and ironical. Instead of openly blaming the white colonialists who dont pay the least attention to the people who suffer from poverty and hunger, he pretends that they have a sound re
36、ason to ignore such people just because they have the color of the earth.(para 16) a white skin is always fairly conspicuous. synecdoche: a white-skinned European is always fairly conspicuous.It is only because of thistourist resorts. “This” here stands for the fact that people always miss the peasa
37、nts laboring in the fields because they have the color of the earth and are a lot less interesting to look at.(para 17) What does Morocco mean to a Frenchman?. Or to an Englishman? Question and answer both elliptical. This paragraph means that this colonial country arouses peoples interest for vario
38、us reasons except true concern for the people living in poverty(para 18) This is as much as the strength of the animals is equal to. The animals yoked to the plough had just enough strength to plough the soil to a depth of about four inches. A passage from Invisible Man -Ralph EllisonI AM An invisib
39、le man. No, I am not a spook like those who haunted Edgar Allan Poe; nor am I one of your Hollywood-movie ectoplasms. I am a man of substance, of flesh and bone, fiber and liquidsand I might even be said to possess a mind. I am invisible, understand, simply because people refuse to see me. Like the
40、bodiless heads you see sometimes in circus sideshows, it is as though I have been surrounded by mirrors of hard, distorting glass. When they approach me they see only my surroundings, themselves, or fragments of their imagination-indeed, everything and anything except me. (Prologue ) Sentences to sh
41、ow the hard workSentences to show the hard work n(para 17) the reality of life is an endless back-breaking struggle to wring a little food out of an eroded soil.n(para 18) Most Morocco is so desolate that no wild animal bigger than a hare can live on it. Huge areas which were once covered with fores
42、t have turned into a treeless waste where the soil is exactly like broken-up brick. Nevertheless a good deal of it is cultivated, with frightful labor.(para 18)Long lines of women, bent double like inverted capital Ls, work their way slowly across the fields, tearing up the prickly weeds with their
43、hands. Scene 5: Life of women (para 19-21)Scene 5: Life of women (para 19-21)Miserable of old women, no better than a donkeyWords and Expressions file: a line of persons or things situated one behind another 纵队纵队mummify: v. to dry up (become a mummy)register: v. record 记录记录, 登记登记 to register the bir
44、th of a baby / to register the names of absent students The court stenographer registered the trial proceedings.damnably: adv. In a damnably manner to be damnably treated 遭到虐待遭到虐待packsaddle: a saddle designed to support the load carried by a pack animal 驮鞍驮鞍 bridle: n. a head harness for guiding a h
45、orse; it consists of stall, bit and reinshalter: n. a rope, cord, strap, etc. usually with a a headstall, for trying or leading an animal, with or without a rope （缰绳）（马）笼头（缰绳）（马）笼头gut: （usu. Pl.) the bowels; entrails 内脏内脏 have the guts to do sth. 有胆量做某事有胆量做某事plight：n. condition or state of affairs;
46、esp. now, an awkward, sad, or dangerous situationtip: v.t to pour sth. from one place or container into another She wiped out the flour and tipped it into a bowl The comparison of fate between the The comparison of fate between the donkey donkey and the women and the women n Donkey Womennno bigger t
47、han a St. Bernard dog tiny, mummifiednOverloaded, working for weeks vast of load of woodnA willing creature accepted status as a beast of burdenn When dead, tipped into a buried simply, dumped into a ditch, thrown to dogs hole, no name, no graveyardn People feel enraged at nobody feels sympathetic f
48、or them, unnoticed By describing the fate of donkey the authors purpose is to arouse the sympathy and anger of the readers for “people”, People are also cruelly treated but they are not noticed, simply invisible Paragraphing & Interpreting(para 19)All of them are mummified with age and the sun, and
49、all of them are tiny. Years of hard work and heat of the sun have dried up the old women. They look like mummiesShe accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say as a beast of burden. She took it fro granted that as an old woman she was the lowest in the community, shat she was only fit for do
50、ing heavy work like an animal.(para 20) though they had registered themselves on my eyeballs I cannot truly say that I had seen them. His eyes must have recorded the scene but he did not consciously observe what was happening (for he did not see the old woman carrying the heavy load of firewood) It
