1、Unit 7Social ProblemsDefinition of cause & effectFunction of cause & effectFeatures of cause & effectOrganization of cause & effectHow to choose right examplesTransitional phrasesWarm-up Activities- college students taking part-time jobsReasons1.short of pocket money2.relieve financial burdens3.offe
2、r help to some fellow students who are in financial difficulties4.prepare for jobs in the futureResults1.have to spend precious study time in finding or doing part-time jobs2.lose interesting in learning3.may do good to academic studies4.gain experience or knowledge that cannot be obtained from book
3、sDefinition of cause & effectSound reasoning or logic is naturally the most important quality of any analysis. In presenting cause and effect, we should try to be objective. Overstating or understating our position would only make the analysis unconvincing. It seems convenient to state the effect fi
4、rst and then explain the causes. The reverse order, however, is to be preferred when one cause leads to various effects.1. To state an effect and devote the rest of the paragraph to examining the causes.2. To state a cause and then mention or predict the effect.Function of cause & effect1. Cause and
5、 effect serves as a useful means to describe or analyze phenomena, problems, influences, etc.2. We often find ourselves in situations where we need to discuss causes or effects in order to better understand what is being discussed: places, people, features, advantages or disadvantages.3. How to expr
6、ess cause-and-effect relationships effectively is crucial to meaningful communication. EffectCause 1 Cause 2CauseEffect 1Effect 3Effect 2Features of cause & effectFill out the forms with the appropriate and relevant information Like English in high schoolbe easy to find a job after graduationhave an
7、 uncle who once majored in Englishbe good at language learningless income employers do not like itsave energy more free time Study the following words and phrases and divide them into the following 2 groups. now that, the reason for, thanks to, becausesince, as, due to, because of, owing toconsequen
8、tly, therefore, so, as a result, thusit follows that, accordingly, hence, so thatSample 1- P67 Questions 1. This paragraph is developed around the problem of “the lack of parking” complained about by US city residents. 2. Single effect and multiple causes. In this way, the writing shows a logical ca
9、use-and-effect pattern, which might consequently attract more concern or efforts in the problems solution. 3. The 3 causes are presented from the most direct to the most indirect. 1. _ 2. More cars are constantly produced. 3. _CausesEffectLack of parking in citiesOver a million cars are abandoned on
10、 the streets.Over a million cars are abandoned on the streets.Both city governments or governmental Both city governments or governmental agencies have financial headachesagencies have financial headachesSuperficial / directDeepest / indirectSample 2 P68 Questions 1. The problem addresses refers to
11、the issue of terrorist attacks. This issue has brought about at least three major aspects of consequence or effect. 2. The paragraph addresses the cause rather than effects right at the beginning. 3. No. It follows a pattern of single cause and multiple effects. Unlike Sample 1 in which effect is ad
12、dressed first and causes are traced backwards, Sample 2 states briefly at the beginning the issue of terrorist attacks as a direct cause, and then dwells upon three major effects, some factual and some predicted.CauseEffectsThe terrorist strikes1.The Americans feel very anxious and panicky.2. The go
13、vernment trends to make political errors.3. The public would wind up ignoring the one warning that really matters.Lack of regulationTigers power / beauty / mysteryCauseEffectsEffect-causeDisasters happening to childrenTigers privately kept as pets in TexasLots of undertrained tiger ownersNeglect of
14、commitment abandonmentLinking phrases for cause / effectJust as isThe result is that is precisely whymay be among other reasonsTransitional phrasesCause / ReasonEffect / Impactmay be among other reasonsThanks toAccount / find some reason forAttribute A to BBe due to several factorsBe partly caused b
15、yBe precisely whyWhy? For one thingTo stem from the fact thatTo viewas a response to factors weigh heavily forAnother important reason is is the net resultIt leaves some serious consequences.It may give rise to a host of problems.The effect is evident.The immediate result it produces isThe influence has not been confined to The result is thatThere are a number of effects.bring aboutcause a sweeping changeexert a profound influenceThats the reason whyResult in Keys 2019POWERPOINTSUCCESS2022-5-292019THANK YOUSUCCESS2022-5-29
