1、 英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：承受者。如： They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动主动) A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动被动) 汉语中常用汉语中常用“被被”、“给给”、“由由”、“受受”等词用等词用来表示被动，而英语用：来表示被动，而英语用：构成。构成。 学 科网1. 一般现在时：一般现在时： Peop
2、le grow rice in the south of the country. The school doesnt allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher. 2. 一般过去时：一般过去时： They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month. The students didnt forget his lessons easily. 3. 一般将来时：一般将来时： They will send cars abroad by sea. They will g
3、ive plenty of jobs to school-leavers. 4. 过去将来时：过去将来时： The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year. The workers told me they would mend the car as soon as possible. 5. 现在进行时：现在进行时： The radio is broadcasting English lessons. We are painting the rooms. 6. 过去进行时：过去进行时： Why di
4、dnt they drive there on time? Because the workers were mending the road. This time last year we were planting trees here. 7. 现在完成时：现在完成时： Someone has told me We have brought down the price. 8. 过去完成时：过去完成时： When I got to the theatre, I found The whole country was very sad at the news of his death; 9.
5、 含有情态动词的被动语态：含有情态动词的被动语态： 含有情态动词的被动语态是由含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词情态动词+ be+ 及物动词的过及物动词的过去分词去分词”构成。构成。 You must hand in your compositions after class. He can write a great many letters with the computer. 学 科网被动语态被动语态: 我们知道我们知道, 被动语态是由被动语态是由be + done(动词的过去分词动词的过去分词)构成的构成的被动语态构成比较被动语态构成比较一般现在时 主 + am / is / are
6、 + done 一般过去时主 + was / were + done 含情态动词主 + 情态动词 + be done一般将来时主 + will be + done 现在完成时主 + have/has been + done 过去完成时主 +had been + done 现在进行时主 +am/is/are being + done 过去进行时主 + was/were being + done 过去将来时主 + would be + done 说明(1)done表示动词的过去分词(2)下划线的词为助动词 10: 动词不定式的被动语态动词不定式的被动语态1. be to do- be to be
7、done2. be going to do-be going to be done3. Be about to do-be about to be doneEg: He is to read a novel A novel is to be read by himThey are going to hold a meeting tomorrow.A meeting is going to be held tomorrow.They are about to shoot the murderer.The murderdr is about to be shot by them.(1) The p
8、olice found that the house _and a lot of things _. A. has broken into; has been stolen B. had broken into ; had been stolen C. has been broken into; stolen D. had been broken into; stolen (2) If city noises _ from increasing, people _ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. A.
9、are not kept; will have to B. are not kept; have to C. do not keep ; will have to D. do not keep ; have toDPracticeA(3) -_ the sports meet might be put off. -Yes, it all depends on the weather. A. Ive been told B. Ive told C. Im told D. I told(4) The maths problem _ among the students soon. A. is ab
10、out to be discuss B. is going to be discussed C. is to discuss D. is going to have been discussedAB学 科网1. 1. 把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。 We have bought a new computer. A new computer has been bought. (正确正确) A new computer have be
11、en bought. (错误错误) 2. 2. 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。 My uncle gave me a present on my birthday. I was given a present on my birthday. 如果把直接宾语如果把直接宾语( (指物指物) )改为主语，则在间接宾语改为主语，则在间接宾语( (指人指人) )前加适前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说：当的介词，如上句还可以说： A
12、 present was given to me yesterday. 一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词 to，如：如： bring, give, lend, offer, pass, promise, sell, show, teach, tell 等。等。 The cup with mixture was showed to the class. My bike was lent to her. 一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词 for, 如：如： buy, cook, choose, fetch, get,
13、,make, order, 等。等。 Mother made me a new skirt. (A new skirt was made for me. ) The meat was cooked for us. 3. 由动词由动词+ 介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉这类动词有把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉这类动词有 laugh at, operate on, look after, make fun of, make use of take care of, ca
14、rry out, give up, hand in, point out, put away, put off, turn down, work out, talk about等。等。 4. 带复合宾语带复合宾语(宾语宾语+ 宾补宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如：而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如：a,动词动词+宾语宾语+adj We always keep the classroom clean. The classroom is always kept clean. b,动词
15、动词+宾语宾语+ n They chose Tom captain. Tom was chosen captainc.动词动词+宾语宾语+ to do She told us to follow her instructions. We were told to follow her instructions. d,动词动词+宾语宾语+doing I found him lying on the floor he was found lying on the floore,动词动词+宾语宾语+done we found all our seats occupied. all our seats
16、 were found occupied.在在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带 to，但改成被动语态后，但改成被动语态后都带都带to， We often hear him play the guitar. He is often heard to play the guitar. His mother makes him clean the room every day. He is made to clean the room every
17、 day.（二）某些动词用主动表被动？（二）某些动词用主动表被动？1. The picture looks beautiful . 这里的这里的 look是表状态特征的连系动词，它后面要求跟形容词是表状态特征的连系动词，它后面要求跟形容词或名词构成系表结构，其主动形式表被动含义。或名词构成系表结构，其主动形式表被动含义。感官系动词一感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：feel，look, seem, taste, sound, remain, turn out ,smell等。等。 Do you like the material? Yes, it feel
18、s very soft. The flowers look beautiful What he said sounds reasonable. The roses smell sweet. The medicine tastes bitter. 误：误：It is felt very soft. The food tastes delicious. 误：误：The food is tasted delicious. The pop music sounds beautiful. 误：误：The pop music is sounded beautiful 2.有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当它们
19、和有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当它们和well, badly, easily等副词连用时，等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动表示被动，这时不用被动语态，表示主语内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动表示被动，这时不用被动语态，常见的有：常见的有：write, read, clean, sell, dry,wash, cook,wear 等。如：等。如： The cloth washes easily. 这布很好洗。这布很好洗。 Some silks wash well The new product sells well. 这新产品很畅销。这新产品很畅销。 The pen
20、 writes smoothly. 这支笔写字很流畅。这支笔写字很流畅。 The poem reads fluently./ The shoes wear well. The paper tears easily This kind of cloth dried easily对比：对比： The books sell well. (主动句主动句) The books were sold out. (被动句被动句) The meat didnt cook well. (主动句主动句) The meat was cooked for a long time over low heat. (被动句被
21、动句)学 科网3. want, need, require 作“需要 ”解时及be worth ,in need of后接动词，常用动名词的主动形式表被动含义。Eg: 1: The flower needs/ wants/ requires watering. Your hair needs/wants/requires cutting The computer needs/wants/requires reqairing2: The film /music is worth listening to.3: His teaching method is in need of improving
22、4. 不定式在某些形容词后作状语且和句子的主语（或宾语）构成逻辑上的动宾关系时：1.The sentence is easy to understand.2.She found the problem hard to deal with.3.The box is heavy to lift4.The picture is pleasant to look at5.The novel is interesting to read此类形容词此类形容词：difficult, comfortable, pleasant, fit, interesting,unfit, light, heavy, da
23、ngerous, etc.5.不定式作名词的后置定语，和被修饰的不定式作名词的后置定语，和被修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系，同时和该句主名词有逻辑上的动宾关系，同时和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，不定式常用主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，不定式常用主动形式表被动含义：动形式表被动含义：1. She had only a cold room to live in.2. I have a meeting to attend.3. I have a lot of homework to do4. She has many children to look after5. I gave him a cake
24、to eat6. I gave him a book to read第一，一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：第一，一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：take place , come about , break out, belong to, consist of, add up to, come into being, come true, turn out 等。如：等。如： The fire broke out in the capital building. 误：误：The fire was broke out in the capital building. Great chang
25、es have taken place in China. 误：误：Great changes have been taken place in China.第二，不及物动词没有被动语态，如：第二，不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie等。等。 When we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen. 误：误：The sun had already been risen. After the earthquake, few houses remained. 误：
26、误：After the earthquake, few houses were remained.例如：例如： 据说据说It is said /thought that 据报导据报导It is reported that 据推测据推测It is supposed that 希望希望It is hoped that 众所周知众所周知It is well known that 普遍认为普遍认为It is generally considered that 有人建议有人建议It is suggested that 1) It is reported that it is going to rain
27、tomorrow. 2) It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp. 3) It is said that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing.（四）在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主（四）在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示（五）英语中一些词的被动结构表五）英语中一些词的被动结构表主动意义主动意义 be dressed in, be seated in/at/beside/next to be addicted to , be
28、determined to be devoted to,be absorbed in,be disappointed at, be lost in, be engaged in/be occupied in,be faced withEg: 1.She is seated on the sofa. 2. Addicted to surfing the internet, the boy often escapes from classes. 3. Determined to give up smoking, he threw away his remaining cigarettes. 4.
29、Disappointed at failing in the math exam, Kenta wouldnt like to talk about it to his parents.5. Judith lay on the sofa, absorbed in her book.学 科网（六）介词（六）介词in,on,under+名词短语表被名词短语表被动意义动意义 常见的有：under control,under treatment,under repair,under discussion,under construction,beyond belief, beyond ones rea
30、ch,beyond ones control, in print, in sight, on sale, on show, on trial, out of control, out of sight, out of ones reach, out of fashion,. Eg: 1.The building is under construction(is being constructed)2.The plane was out of control( cant be controlled)3.The road is under repair(is being repaired)4.To
31、day some treasures are on show( are being shown) in the museum.1.The new dictionaries are very useful.They _well and _already.sell; have been sold outB. sold; had sold outC. sell, sell outare sold; have been sold out2. I saw Dave in lift this morning.-Really? He_around here for a long time.A. wont b
32、e seenB. wasnt seeC. hasnt been seenD. hadnt been seen3. The window is dirty.-I know. It _ for weeks.A.hasnt cleaned B.didnt cleanC. wasnt cleaned D. hasnt been cleaned4. The heros story _differently in the newspapers.A.was reported B. was reportingC.reports D. reported5.Why did you leave that posit
33、ion?-I _a better position at IBM.A.offer B. offered C.am offered D.was offered6. More than a dozen students in that school_abroad to study medicine last year.A. sent B. were sent C.had sent D.had been sent7. The policemans attention was suddenly caught by a small box which_placed under the Ministers
34、 car.A.has been B.was beingC.had been D.would be8. Millions of pounds worth damage_by a storm which swept across the north of England last night.A.has been caused B.had been causedC. will be caused D.will have been caused9. When the old man_to walk back to his house,the sun_itself behind the mountai
35、n.A.started ; had already hidden B. had started; had already hidden C. had started ; was hidingD. was starting; hid10:The water _cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise.was felt B.is felt C.felt D.feels11: The moment the 28th Olympic Games_open, the whole world cheered.declared B.have
36、been declaredC. have declared D. were declared12.Mr Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one _.blamed B.blaming C.to blame D.to be blamed13. In a room above the store, where a party _, some workers were busily setting the table.A.was to be held B.has been held
37、C.will be held D. is being held14.I dont suppose the police know who did it.-Well surprisingly they do. A man has been arrested and_now.A.has been questioned B.is being questionedC. is questioning D. has questioned15. The new type of cellphone _better if it is advertised on TV.A. will sell B. sells
38、C. would sell D.sold 16. The bridge which _ last year looks really beautiful. A. was built B. built C. was set up D. had been built 17. This cloth _well and _ long. Ok. Ill take it. A. washes/lasts B. is washed/lasted C. washes/is lasted D. is washing/lasting 18. An exhibition of paintings _ at the
39、museum next week. A. are to be held B. is to be held C. are holding D. will hold 学 科网 19. Im sorry, sir. Your recorder isnt ready yet. It _ in the factory. A. is being repaired B. is repaired C. has been repaired D. hasnt repaired 20. Every possible means , but none prove successful. A. has tried B.
40、 has been tried C. is being tried D. tried 21. My little sister has broken my watch. - My watch _ by my little sister. A. is broken B. has broken C. have been brokenD. has been broken22. He was cleaning his room when I entered the house. - His room _ by him when I entered the room. A. was being clea
41、ned B. was cleaned C. was being cleaning D. has been cleaned23. I shall have Finished reading the novel by dinner time.- This novel _ reading (by me) by dinner time A. will have finished . B. will has been finished C. will have being finished D. will have been finished24. You ought to keep these thr
42、ee rooms clean. -These three rooms _ (by you).A. are oughted to keep clean B. ought to kept clean C. ought to be kept clean D. ought to have been kept clean1.The new dictionaries are very useful.They _well and _already.A. sell; have been sold outB. sold; had sold outC. sell, sell outD. are sold; hav
43、e been sold out2. I saw Dave in lift this morning.-Really? He_around here for a long time.A. wont be seenB. wasnt seeC. hasnt been seenD. hadnt been seen学 科网3. The window is dirty.-I know. It _ for weeks.A. hasnt cleaned B.didnt cleanC. wasnt cleaned D. hasnt been cleaned4. The heros story _differen
44、tly in the newspapers.A. was reported B. was reportingC. reports D. reported5.Why did you leave that position?-I _a better position at IBM.A. offer B. offered C.am offered D.was offered6. More than a dozen students in that school_abroad to study medicine last year.A. sent B. were sent C.had sent D.h
45、ad been sent7. The policemans attention was suddenly caught by a small box which_placed under the Ministers car.A.has been B.was beingC.had been D.would be8. Millions of pounds worth damage_by a storm which swept across the north of England last night.A.has been caused B.had been causedC. will be ca
46、used D.will have been caused9. When the old man_to walk back to his house,the sun_itself behind the mountain.A.started ; had already hidden B. had started; had already hidden C. had started ; was hidingD. was starting; hid10:The water _cool when I joined into the pool for morning exercise.A. was fel
47、t B.is felt C.felt D.feels11: The moment the 28th Olympic Games_open, the whole world cheered.A. declared B.have been declaredC. have declared D. were declared12.Mr Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one _.A. blamed B.blaming C.to blame D.to be blamed13. In
48、a room above the store, where a party _, some workers were busily setting the table.A.was to be held B.has been heldC.will be held D. is being held14.I dont suppose the police know who did it.-Well surprisingly they do. A man has been arrested and_now.A.has been questioned B.is being questionedC. is
49、 questioning D. has questioned15. The new type of cellphone _better if it is advertised on TV.A. will sell B. sells C. would sell D.sold 16. The bridge which _ last year looks really beautiful. A. was built B. built C. was set up D. had been built 17. This cloth _well and _ long. Ok. Ill take it. A.
50、 washes/lasts B. is washed/lasted C. washes/is lasted D. is washing/lasting 18. An exhibition of paintings _ at the museum next week. A. are to be held B. is to be held C. are holding D. will hold 学 科网 19. Im sorry, sir. Your recorder isnt ready yet. It _ in the factory. A. is being repaired B. is r
