1、Unit 1Using language Review: Tenses 选择性必修四时态 4种“时间”4种“动作状态”英语中共有16种时态，总结为下表： 一般进行完成完成进行现在一般现在时（态）现在进行时（态）现在完成时（态）现在完成进行时（态）过去一般过去时（态）过去进行时（态）过去完成时（态）过去完成进行时（态）将来一般将来时（态）将来进行时（态）将来完成时（态）将来完成进行时（态）过去将来过去将来时（态）过去将来进行时（态）过去将来完成时（态）过去将来完成时（态）语法感知1.She always takes a walk in the evening.2.Jim is always co
2、ming late for class.3.He was playing table tennis at five yesterday afternoon.4.Up to now，we have received no news from her.5.Ive been waiting for an hour but she still hasnt come.6.They had got everything ready before I came.7.He will graduate from Harvard University next year.8.What will you be do
3、ing this time tomorrow?9.When I was a kid,I often played football in the street10. He told us that he would go on a holiday the next week.一般现在时一般现在时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时现在完成时现在完成时现在完成进行时现在完成进行时过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时一般将来时将来进行时将来进行时过去将来时过去将来时一般过去时一般过去时Tenses一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 过去将来时 过去进行时 现在进行时将来进行时 过去完成时 现在完成时
4、 现在完成进行时 do/does did will / shall do would / should do was/were doing am/ is/ are doing will be doing had done have/ has done have/ has been doing1.表示现在的经常性、习惯性动作或状态，常与表示频度的时间状语连用.如:often,usually,always,sometimes,seldom,nowandthen,everyday等We have meals three times a day.我们一日吃三餐。(现在的习惯)He is always
5、ready to help others.他总是乐于助人。(现在的状态)2.表示客观真理、科学事实及自然现象。此用法即使出现在过去的语境中,也用一般现在时The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。He said that hydrogen is a light gas.他说氢气是很轻的气体3.用于以here,there开头的倒装句中,一般现在时表示现在正在发生的动作或存在的状态There goes the bell.铃响了。Here comes the bus.公共汽车来了。1.一般现在时5. 主要用来表示在时刻表上已确定或安排好的事情。如火车时刻，飞机时刻，电影开演
6、等，客观性较强，多有具体的时间状语.常用动词come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return,take off等 The train leaves at 10 a.m。4.主句是一般将来时，时间和条件状语从句用一般现在时表将来。We will discuss the matter when we tomorrow.明天见面时，我们将会讨论这件事情。I will not go to the countryside if it rains tomorrow.如果明天下雨，我就不去乡下了。6. 在the more.the more.(越越) 句型中,若主句是一般将来时,
7、从句通常用一般现在时。The harder you study , the better results you will get.1.一般现在时时间状语时间状语1、副词： always、often、never、sometimes、usually 、 regularly、occasionally2、短语： every day / week / month / year、once a week、hardly ever、 every ten minutes每十分钟、every other ten minutes每隔十分钟、now and then不时、from time to time 不时3、在
8、由after，until，before，once，when，even if，in case，as long as，as soon as，the moment 以及 if，unless 等引导的时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，通常用一般现在时代替将来时。I will tell him the news as soon as I _him.A.metB. meetC. will meetD.have met(1)一般过去时表示过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作,不强调对现在的影响,只说明过去.常跟表示过去的时间状语连用,如:a moment/three days ago, last night/Fri
9、day/week/month/year, （the day before) yesterday, in 1994，in the Tang Dynasty,yesterday、at that time、once、during the war、a few days ago等。I didnt know her at that time。那时我不认识他（过去的状态）They lived here for twenty years. 他们曾在这里住过二十年。He and his friends visited the Great Wall last year.去年他和他的朋友们参观了长城。The boy
10、 didnt play basketball yesterday afternoon.这个男孩儿昨天下午没有打篮球。2.一般过去时 （3）.Since 从句中一般用一般过去时You havent changed much since we last _。自从上次我们见面以来，你变化不大met(2)used to do表示过去经常但现在已不再维持的习惯动作。My grandfather used to go for a walk after supper.拓展：be used to + doing：习惯于，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。Scarf is used to taking a wal
11、k.(现在习惯于散步)4）、表示过去时间内经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。When I was in the countryside, I often walked by the riverside. 我在乡下时经常在河边散步。2.一般过去时1、副词： yesterday 2、短语： last week / month / year / night、 last Monday、 yesterday morning / afternoon / evening、last May、just now = a moment ago、 two days ago 、the day before yester
12、day、 the other day 前几天、in （已过去的）某年 / 月、on （已过去的）某天、 at （已过去的）几点钟与某些从句连用时间状语时间状语Hi, I am Peter. Are you new here? I havent seen you ever.Hello，Peter. I am Bob. I _here on Monday.A.comeB. have comeC. cameD.had come(1)一般将来时表示在将来某个时间会发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示将来的时间状语连用。next time ,next year,tomorrow evening,before
13、 long,this afternoon, tomorrow, in the future,the day after tomorrow, in+时间段,after+时间点等will用于各种人称，shall用于第一人称。My elder brother will be twenty years old next year.Will you be at home at seven this evening？Which paragraph shall I read first?（2）will 表示临时决定做某事.3.一般将来时1. will/shall + V原形原形Its cold outsid
14、eI think I_wear my coatA.will B.would C.amgoingto D.wasgoingto.3.3.一般将来时一般将来时按照计划、主观上打算做某事，They are going to around the small island. 他们打算绕着小岛航行。有迹象表明It is very cloudy. I think it is going to soon. 天阴阴的，我想快要下雨了。2. be going to+V原形原形3.3.一般将来时一般将来时3、be to do按计划或安排，约定，职责，义务或者要求将要发生的动作。We are to discuss
15、the report next Saturday.The Prime Minister is to visit China tomorrow.首相将于明天访问中国。Your assignment is to be handed in next Tuesday.你的作业下周二上交。3. 3. 一般将来时一般将来时4、be about to+V原形原形表示即将发生的动作，不可以和表示将来的时间状语连用。The team is about to an important match.这支队伍将要进行一场重要的比赛。We are about to , so there is no time to vi
16、sit her now.我们要走了，所以现在没有时间去拜访她。 I am about to when the bell rings.铃声响起的时候我正要离开。3. 3. 一般将来时一般将来时正要做，即将要做She is on the point of bursting into tears.她就要哭了。5、be on the point of doing3. 3. 一般将来时一般将来时按计划即将发生He is moving to the south.位移性动词：go, come, leave, arrive, start, beginI am going to Johns house at f
17、our on next Sunday afternoon.下周日的下午4点我要去约翰家。He is leaving school in one years time. 他一年后就要毕业了。6、be doing（现在进行时表将来）（现在进行时表将来）如：The train is due to depart in ten minutes. 7. be due to +v表示预先确定了的事， 必定发生的事。3. 3. 一般将来时一般将来时3. 3. 一般将来时一般将来时Give me one more hour, and Ill get the work finished.再给我一个小时，我就能完成
18、这项工作。Close the window, or youll catch a cold. 关上窗户，不然你会感冒的。在祈使句+and/or+陈述句结构中，前面的祈使句表示条件，后面的句子要用一般将来时。Bring these flowers into a warm room and they _ soon.A.will openB. are openingC. openD.have openedYou _ to that hotel where rooms have already been booked for you.A.wentB. are to goC. goD.about to g
19、oNoImage1. Please be seated . The meeting is about _(begin).2. Our school sports meeting is _(take) place next week.3. When does the bus start? It _(start) in ten minutes.4.He _ (leave) for Japan next month.5.Workhardandyou_(succeed)intime. 6._(make) up your mind,and you will get the chance.to begin
20、to takestartsis leavingwillsucceedMake4.过去将来时常用在宾语从句中。形式：would+V原型 was/were going to do was/were to do was/were about to 4. 4. 过去将来时过去将来时She said her mother would come to see her the next day.她说她妈妈第二天要来看她。她说她妈妈第二天要来看她。She hoped that they would meet again someday.她希望将来有一天他们能再见面。她希望将来有一天他们能再见面。Reading
21、 English in the morning_(benefit) your English learning I _ (finish)the work in an hour.The plane _ (take)off at 8:00 a.m.I hoped I _ (find)a job soon.1.benefits2. will finish3.takes 4. would find5. 5. 现在进行时现在进行时形式：主语形式：主语+am/is/are+现在分词（现在分词（doing）1、表示现在、目前或现阶段正在进行的动作。We are waiting for you at the
22、school gate now.我们现在正在校门口等你。Today the number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly.如今在中国学习英语的人数正在迅速增长。We are making model planes these days. 这些天我们在做飞机模型。(此时此刻不一定在做)常与now, look, listen, these/those days,this/that week,at present等时间状语连用5.5.现在进行时现在进行时2. 与always, forever, constantly
23、、continually,all the time等频度副词连用，表示某种感情，赞许，厌烦，不满，同情等。The little boy is always thinking of others.（赞许）那个小男孩总是为他人着想。He is always making trouble for his friends.（不满）他总是给朋友们制造麻烦。The boy was continually asking questions.(厌烦)这个男孩频繁地问问题.5.5.现在进行时现在进行时3. 不能使用进行时态的动词：1、表示感情状态：love, enjoy, like, hate, resent（
24、怨恨）,prefer,admire,fear,adore等。2、表示感知，感觉：see, hear, taste, smell, appear, look, sound,feel,sound,等。3、表示理解，思考等心理活动：wish,hope,want,need, remember, agree,doubt, know, believe, forget, understand等。4、表示存在的状态：appear,lie(位于), exist, stay, remain, obtain（获得）等。5、表示所属关系：have, form（产生，形成）, belong to, own, posse
25、ss, consist of（组成）等。1.Sorry, you cant use my computer. I_(use) it now.2.I_(watch)TV when you rang me up.3. At this time tomorrow, I_(sit)at the table.3. will be sitting1. am using2.was watching6. 6. 过去进行时过去进行时过去进行时：表示过去某一时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作。常用的时间状语有:at this/that time+过去时间、at10:00lastnight、those days、fro
26、m.to.+过去时间（from7:00to8:00yesterdaymorning）。I was reading a novel when you called me last night.昨晚你给我打电话时，我正在看一本小说。He was making a long distance call from nine to ten last night.昨晚九点到十点间他一直在打长途电话。形式：形式：was/were +doing 1. When you knocked on the door, I _ a book.A. was translatingB. translatedC. trans
27、lateD. translating2. He _(play) table tennis at five yesterday afternoon. was playing7. 7. 将来进行时将来进行时表示将来某一时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作，或按计划在将来某一时刻或某段时间内将要进行的动作。常与at this time next week、at.tomorrow、from.to.tomorrow等连用This time tomorrow we shall be working in that factory.明天的这个时候我们将正在那个工厂干活。This time next week we
28、 will be lying on the beach of Sanya.下个星期的这个时候，我们将正躺在三亚的沙滩上。形式：主语形式：主语+ will+ be +doing1. I am making a model plane. I _ it in the science class this time tomorrow afternoon.A. will be showingB. am going to showC. showD. showed2. I_(do) my homework at 3 tomorrow afternoon.3. We _(visit)the Great Wal
29、l this time tomorrow.will be doingwill be visiting 8. 8. 现在完成时现在完成时1、表示已经做完某事，强调过去发生的动作或事情对现在的影响或产生的结果，着眼点在现在。常用的时间状语：yet,ever ，already, just, before, recently, once, lately等。The company has already shed 10000 employees.公司已经裁减了一万人。employer 老板I have just copied all the new words.我刚刚抄写完所有的生词。I have ne
30、ver heard Bonnie say anything against you. 我从来没听过邦尼说过你的坏话。形式：主语形式：主语+ have/has done （动词的过去分词）（动词的过去分词）I _reading the book yet, so I wont return it to the library.A. will not finishB. didnt finishC. am not finishingD. havent finished8.8.现在完成时现在完成时This/That/It is the + 序数词序数词+time +(that)从句，从句用现在完成时。从
31、句，从句用现在完成时。It is the second time that Jack has met the girl.这是杰克第二次遇见那个女孩儿。This is the first time that the painting has been displayed to the public.这是这幅画第一次向公众展示。This/that/it is the best/worst/most/only (+adj) +n+(that)从句。从句。It is the most interesting film that I have ever seen.这是我看过最有趣的电影。 see-saw
32、-seenThis is the easiest job that Ive ever had. 这是我做过最容易的工作。句型：have been to 去过（人不在当地）have gone to 去了（人还在当地）I have been to Taiyuan (人不在太原）I have gone to Taiyuan (人在太原） 8. 8. 现在完成时现在完成时8.8.现在完成时现在完成时2 、表示过去的某一动作或行为一直持续到现在，而且还有可能延续下去。表示过去的某一动作或行为一直持续到现在，而且还有可能延续下去。时间状语有：时间状语有：1 1：常和常和“for+“for+时间段时间段”或
33、或“since+“since+时间点时间点”连用连用，2 2：so farso far（迄今为止）（迄今为止）, up to now, until now, (ever) since, for a long time, up to now, until now, (ever) since, for a long time（长久以（长久以来）来）, , 3 3：含有含有“最近几年最近几年( (天、周、世纪等天、周、世纪等) )以来以来”时间状语时间状语:during the last three :during the last three monthsmonths、for the last f
34、ew centuriesfor the last few centuries，for/in/over the past few years, these for/in/over the past few years, these (few) day/weeks/ months/years(few) day/weeks/ months/years。（1）Up to now, we havent received any news from her.（2）I have been very sad for the past few months. (3)He has learned how to d
35、rive a car in the past few weeks.1. We _good friends since we were very young.A. areB. have beenC. wereD. had been2. All of my students _ rapid progress in the past few years.A. makeB. are makingC. madeD. have made1.You dont need to describe her.I _(meet) her several times.2.In the past few years, g
36、reat changes _ (take)place in my hometown.3.He _(write) 8 books so far.4.Many words _ (add)to the dictionary since it was published.5.This is the first time(that)I _ (come)here.6.This is _(good) tea(that)I have ever drunk.He has gone to the zoo.他去动物园了。He has gone to live abroad.他到国外居住了Have you ever
37、been to Shanghai?你去过上海吗He has been to see his teacher.他去看过他老师了。(已经回来)have methave takenhas writtenhave been addedhave comethe best9. 9. 过去完成时过去完成时形式：主语形式：主语+ had done （动词的过去分词）（动词的过去分词）1.1.表示过去某个时间或某个动作之前，已经完成的动作表示过去某个时间或某个动作之前，已经完成的动作. .句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语。句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语。I had just finished half of th
38、e work by yesterday.They had got everything ready before I came.She found that she had left her luggage on the bus.2.表示从过去某个时间开始一直延续到过去另一个时间的动作。常用的时间状语有:by then,by/until/before/by the end of+“表过去的某一时间”,by that time、until then、by the time+从句等By the end of last year， he had learned English for 3 years
39、.到去年为止,他已学了3年英语了。Until then he had known nothing about it yet.到那时为止,他对此仍一无所知。过去的过去9.9.过去完成时过去完成时3. think、hope,expect,mean,intend,want,suppose 、plan 表示打算，计划，希望， 试图，认为等含义的动词，用于过去完成时表示本打算，本希望等或者表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。I had planned to be back last night, but I didnt catch the train. 我本打算昨晚回来，但是我没赶上火车。I had hope
40、d to see more of Shanghai.我本希望在上海多看看。(但未能如愿)过去完成时的句型：过去完成时的句型：whenwhen和和than than 从句用一般过去时从句用一般过去时, ,主句用过去完成时主句用过去完成时, ,且且当当hardlyhardly，scarcelyscarcely，no soonerno sooner置于置于句首时，其后要用部分倒装。句首时，其后要用部分倒装。表示表示“刚刚刚刚就就”“一一就就1、no soonerthan, hardly/scarcely when,I had no sooner reached home than it began
41、to rain.=No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain.We had no sooner been seated than the bus started.No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.2、在“That/It/This was the first/second.time+that 从句”句型中,that 从句的谓语要用过去完成时It was the third time(that)he had made the same mistake.那是他第三次犯同样的错误
42、了。9.9.过去完成时过去完成时9.过去完成时 1.She had learned some English before she came to the institute.2.He said that he had been abroad for 3 years.3.Hardly/ No sooner had I got home when/than the rain poured down.He _（learn） 2,000 English words by the end of last year.她在来这个机构前已学过一些英语了他说他在国外待了3年。我刚到家,就下起了倾盆大雨。had
43、 learned10.10.现在完成进行时现在完成进行时形式：主语形式：主语+have/has been doing表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在，可能刚刚结束，可能还要继续下去，或者表示重复性动作。常和all the morning、all month、these few days、recently、since+时间点,for+一段时间连用。He has been learning English for 6 years.他学英语已经6年了。(强调到现在还在学)I have been waiting for an hour, but he still hasnt turned u
44、p.我已经等了一个小时，但他还没有露面。I have been speaking to my friends in Portuguese since I came here.自从我来到这里以来，我一直用葡萄牙语和朋友们说话。It has been raining for 3 days.已经下了三天雨了。(强调说话者“抱怨”的感情色彩)现在完成进行时是现在完成时和现在进行时的组合,因此,它既具备现在完成时的特征,又具备现在进行时的特征,如:它具备进行体的“未完性、暂时性、感情色彩”的特点The secretary _ reports all the afternoon, but there ar
45、e still two reports to finish.A. is typingB. had typedC. typedD. has been typing1. Im sure you will do better in the test because you _(study)so hard this year.2. I_(read) Hemingways Farewell to Arms recently.3. This is what I _(expect) since my childhood.have been studying have been readinghave bee
46、n expecting11.11.将来完成时将来完成时形式：主语形式：主语+ will have done （动词的过去分词）（动词的过去分词）表示在将来某时之前 或某动作发生之前已经完成的动作。I will have finished the job by next Friday.到下周五我将已完成这项工作。They will have graduated from the university before next year.在明年之前他们将已从大学毕业。I will have moved into the new house by the end of this week.到本周末之前
47、，我将已搬进新家。常与将来完成时连用的时间状语有：by (the time / the end of ) + 表示将来时间的短语和句子；before (the end of ) + 表示将来时间的词语或句子；when, after等加上表示将来动作的句子等。The workers _ the new project by the end of this year.A. shall completeB. will have completed C. have completedD. have been completing(1)一般过去时与现在完成时：一般过去时与现在完成时：时间上有差异：凡有过
48、去时间状语的均用一般过去时，不能用现在完成时，时间上有差异：凡有过去时间状语的均用一般过去时，不能用现在完成时，如含有如含有ago，last year，just now，the other day等。等。结果上有差异：现在完成时强调的是对结果上有差异：现在完成时强调的是对“现在现在”的影响和结果，动作到现的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续；一般过去时强调的是动作发生在在刚完成或还在继续；一般过去时强调的是动作发生在“过去过去”，和现在毫，和现在毫无关系。无关系。(2)过去完成时与一般过去时：过去完成时强调的是过去完成时与一般过去时：过去完成时强调的是“过去的过去过去的过去”；如果出；如果
49、出现同一主语连续几个动作现同一主语连续几个动作(“连谓连谓”)，则只用一般过去时即可。，则只用一般过去时即可。返 回注意几组时态的区别注意几组时态的区别1.Jack_(work) in the lab when the power cut occurred.2.Jane cant attend the meeting at 3 oclock this afternoon because she _(have) a class at that time.3.I (read) half of the English novel , and Ill try to finish it at the w
50、eekend.4.Did you have difficulty finding Anns house?Not really . She(give) us clear directions and we were able to find it easily. 5.He opened his eyes , put on his clothes quickly and (jump) down from the bed.was workingwill be havinghave readhad given jumpedpractice完成句子1.你完成工作后到我办公室来一下,好吗?Will you
