1、Lecture ThirteenTranslation of Attributive &Adverbial Clauses I. Review and comments on the assignments II. Translation of attributive clauses III. Translation of adverbial clauses IV. summary V. Assignments VI. References for further readingTeaching Procedures 1. Whatever from is used by the majori
2、ty of educated speakers or writers is correct; or as Sweet puts it, “Whatever is in general use in a language is, for that reason, grammatically, correct.” 大多数受过教育的人说话或写作时使用的英语就是正确的英语，或如斯威特所说：“凡是语言中广泛使用的说法（仅仅这一理由）都可以认为在语法上是正确的。” 2. No one will deny that what we have been able to do in the past five
3、years is especially striking in view of the crisis which we inherited from the previous government. 考虑到上届政府遗留下来的危机， 我们在过去5年里所能取得的成绩尤为显著，这是没人可否认的。I. Review and comments on the assignments 3. It has been estimated that the weight of all the insects destroyed by spiders in Britain in one year would be
4、greater than the total weight of all the human beings in the country. 据估计， 英国一年内被蜘蛛所消灭的全部昆虫的总量， 要超过这个国家所有人的重量总和。 4. He poured into his writing all the pains of his life and the conviction it had brought to him that the world could be made a better place to live in if the exploited would rise up. 他在作
5、品里倾诉了自己一生的痛苦和这种痛苦个他带来的一种信念， 认为如果被剥削的人们起来反抗， 世界就会变得美好。 I. Review and comments on the assignments 5.There has long been a superstition among mariners that porpoises will save drowning men by pushing them to the surface, or protect them from sharks by surrounding them in defensive formation. 很久以来， 海员中有
6、一种迷信， 认为海豚会把快死的人推到水面把他们救起， 或者在溺水人周围形成防御队形， 保护他们不受鲨鱼伤害。 6.My brother is not what he used to be. 我弟弟不是他从前的那个样子了。（我弟弟变了。） 7.What was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality. 过去认为不可能的事现在变成了现实。I. Review and comments on the assignments 8.It isnt much whether he works , the question is whether
7、 he works at all. 他干多少并不重要， 问题是他到底有没有干。 9.This is how they were defeated. 他们就是这样给打败的。 10. I wonder not whether we shall be in time for the last bus but whether well be able to get front seats. 我知道我们赶上最后一班公共汽车是没有问题的，但不 知能否有靠前的座位。I. Review and comments on the assignments In his classic novel, “The Pio
8、neers”, James Fenimore Cooper has his hero, a land developer, take his cousin on a tour of the city he is building. He describes the broad streets, rows of houses, a teeming metropolis. But his cousin looks around bewildered. All she sees is a forest. “Where are the beauties and improvements which y
9、ou were to show me?” she asks. Hes astonished she cant see them. “Where! Why everywhere,” he replies. For though they are not yet built on earth, he has built them in his mind, and they are as concrete to him as if they were already constructed and finished.I. Review and comments on the assignments在
10、其经典小说在其经典小说开拓者开拓者中，詹姆士库伯让主人公，一个中，詹姆士库伯让主人公，一个土地开发商，带他的表妹参观正在由他承建的一座城市。土地开发商，带他的表妹参观正在由他承建的一座城市。他描述了宽阔的街道，林立的房屋，热闹的都市。他描述了宽阔的街道，林立的房屋，热闹的都市。他的表妹环顾四周，大惑不解。他的表妹环顾四周，大惑不解。她所看见的只是一片树林。她所看见的只是一片树林。“你想让我看的那些美景和改造了的地方在拿儿？你想让我看的那些美景和改造了的地方在拿儿？”她问道。她问道。他见表妹看不见那些东西，感到很惊讶。他见表妹看不见那些东西，感到很惊讶。“哪儿？到处都是啊！哪儿？到处都是啊！”
11、他答道。他答道。虽然那些东西还未建成在大地上，但他已在心中将他们建好虽然那些东西还未建成在大地上，但他已在心中将他们建好了。对他来说，他们都是实实在在的，宛如已建成竣工一样。了。对他来说，他们都是实实在在的，宛如已建成竣工一样。 Cooper was illustrating a distinctly American trait, future-mindedness: the ability to see the present from the vantage point of the future; the freedom to feel unencumbered by the past
12、 and more emotionally attached to things to come. As Albert Einstein once said, “Life for the American is always becoming, never being.” 库伯这里阐明的是一种典型的美国人特性：着眼于未来，库伯这里阐明的是一种典型的美国人特性：着眼于未来，即能够从未来的角度看待现在；可以自由地不为过去所羁即能够从未来的角度看待现在；可以自由地不为过去所羁绊，而在情感上更多地依附于未来的事物。绊，而在情感上更多地依附于未来的事物。正如阿尔伯特正如阿尔伯特爱因斯坦曾经说过的那样：爱
13、因斯坦曾经说过的那样：“对美国人来对美国人来说，生活总是在发展变化中，说，生活总是在发展变化中， 从来不会静止不变。从来不会静止不变。”I. Review and comments on the assignments 1. The people who worked for him lived in mortal fear of him. 在他手下干活的人对他都怕得要死。在他手下干活的人对他都怕得要死。 2. Pollution is a pressing problem which we must deal with. 污染是我们必须解决的一个迫切问题。污染是我们必须解决的一个迫切问题。
14、3. This is the reason why I am not in favor of revising the plan. 这就是我不赞成修改计划的原因。这就是我不赞成修改计划的原因。A. 译成前置定语译成前置定语(合译法合译法)II. Translation of Attributive Clauses4. “How could a great paper like the Washington Post, full of brilliant editors, get so involved in its own conceit and arrogance to pursue a s
15、tory which its own staff was saying was fabricated from the beginning?” 像华盛顿邮报这样一家拥有许多出色编辑的大报， 为何自以为是和高傲自大到如此地步， 竟然追求一篇连自己的编辑人员从一开始也认连自己的编辑人员从一开始也认为是虚构的为是虚构的报道？”A. 译成前置定语译成前置定语(合译法合译法)II. Translation of Attributive Clauses5. When deeply absorbed in work, which he often was, he would forget all about
16、 eating and sleeping. 他常常常常聚精会神地做工作， 这时他会废寝忘食。6.The sun , which had hidden all day, now came out in all its splendor. 那个整天躲在云层里的那个整天躲在云层里的太阳， 现在又光芒四射地露面了。7. But Miggles laugh, which was very infectious, broke the silence. 但密格尔的富有感染力的密格尔的富有感染力的笑声打破了寂静。8. He wrote a book, which is about economics. 他写了
17、一本经济学方面的一本经济学方面的书。II. Translation of Attributive ClausesA. 译成前置定语译成前置定语(合译法合译法) 9. July and August are the months when the weather is hot. 七八月是天气很热的月份。 10In the room where the electronic computer is kept, there must be no dust at all. 在存放电子计算机的房间，不能有一点灰尘。 11. I must make full use of the time there i
18、s left to me and do as much as I can for the people. 我要充分利用我剩下的岁月，尽量为人民多做些事情。 12. A car which is in motion has kinetic energy. 正在开动的车子具有动能。II. Translation of Attributive ClausesA. 译成前置定语译成前置定语(合译法合译法) 1 A fuel is a material which will burn at a reasonable temperature and produce heat. 燃料是一种物质， 在适当温度
19、下能燃烧并放出热量。 2 Newton invented a paper lantern illuminated by a candle which he carried with him to light his way to school on dark winter morning. 牛顿发明了一只蜡烛的纸灯笼， 在昏暗的冬天早晨上学时带着灯笼照路。 3We will put off the outing until next week, when we wont be so busy. 我们把郊游推迟到下星期， 到那时我们不会这么忙了。B. 译成并列分句（分译法）译成并列分句（分译法）
20、II. Translation of Attributive Clauses 4In power stations, coal or oil is burned and changed into electricity, which is then sent over to homes and factories. 在发电站里， 煤和油燃烧变成电， 然后电沿着导线输送到住家和工厂。 5She was not unconscious, as could be judged from her eyes. 她没有失去知觉， 这从她的眼睛可以看出来。B. 译成并列分句（分译法）译成并列分句（分译法）I
21、I. Translation of Attributive Clauses 6 Nearly everyone knows the story of “the dog that worried the cat that caught the rat that ate the grain that lay in the house that Jack built.” 几乎人人都知道这个故事：“ 杰克盖了房， 房里堆了粮， 耗子把粮吃光， 猫把耗子抓伤， 狗又把猫逼上房。” II. Translation of Attributive ClausesB. 译成并列分句（分译法）译成并列分句（分译法
22、） 7. The process by which energy is changed from one form into another is called the transformation of energy. 能量从一种形式变为另一种形式， 这一过程称为能量转换。 8. They were short of sticks to make frames for the climbing vines, without which the yield would be halved. 他们缺搭葡萄架的杆儿， 没有杆搭架子， 葡萄产量就会减少一半。B. 译成并列分句（分译法）译成并列分句（
23、分译法）II. Translation of Attributive Clauses 1There are many people who want to apply for the position. 有很多人想应聘这个岗位。 2Fortunately there are some chemical fuels that are clean and smokeless. 幸好有些化学燃料是洁净无烟的。 4We used a plane of which almost every part carried some identification of national identity. 我们
24、驾驶的飞机几乎每一个部件都有国籍的某些标志。II. Translation of Attributive ClausesC. 混合译法混合译法5. You compare her with your English - women who wolf down from three to five meat meals a day; and naturally you find her a sylph. 你们英国女人每天狼吞虎咽地吃上三粲到五粲的肉食， 你们拿她来 比她们， 当然觉得她是窈窕仙女了。 6. The acid test is expected to come today or ea
25、rly next week when a bill goes before the U.S. Congress for approval of the sale of US$60 million worth of spare parts to Taiwan. 出售价值六千万美元的零件给台湾的法案将在今天或下周初提交美国国会批准， 届时严峻的考验就要到来了。 7. There is a man downstairs who wants to see you. 楼下有人要见你。II. Translation of Attributive ClausesC. 混合译法混合译法 1. Man cant
26、 live on the moon, where there is no air or water. 人不能月球上生活，人不能月球上生活， 因为那里没有空气和水。因为那里没有空气和水。（译成原因状语从句）（译成原因状语从句） 2. Electrical energy that is supplied to a lamp can be turned into light energy. 当把电供给电灯时，当把电供给电灯时， 它就会变成光能。（译成它就会变成光能。（译成时间状语从句）时间状语从句） 3. Nothing is difficult in the world for anyone, w
27、ho dares to scale the height. 世上无难事，世上无难事， 只要肯登攀。（译成条件状语从只要肯登攀。（译成条件状语从句）句）D译成状语从句译成状语从句:II. Translation of Attributive Clauses 4. The manufacture of this equipment is a very complex one, which took us a lot of time. 这一仪器的生产非常复杂，结果花了我们很多时间。这一仪器的生产非常复杂，结果花了我们很多时间。 5. He wishes to write an article, wh
28、ich will attract public attention to the air pollution in this city. 他想写一篇文章，他想写一篇文章， 以此来引起公众对这座城市空气污染以此来引起公众对这座城市空气污染的关注。（译成目的状语从句）的关注。（译成目的状语从句） 6. He likes Miss Nancy very much, who despises him. 尽管南希小姐很讨厌他，尽管南希小姐很讨厌他， 他却很喜欢她。（译成让步状他却很喜欢她。（译成让步状语从句）语从句）D译成状语从句译成状语从句:II. Translation of Attributive
29、 Clauses 7. Einstein, who worked out the famous Theory of Relativity, won the Novel Prize in 1921. 爱因斯坦由于提出了著名的爱因斯坦由于提出了著名的“相对论相对论”， 于于1921年获得年获得了诺贝尔奖。（原因）了诺贝尔奖。（原因） 8. We have to oil the moving parts of the machine, the friction of which may be reduced greatly. 我们必须给机器的可动部件加油，我们必须给机器的可动部件加油， 以便使摩擦大
30、大减少。以便使摩擦大大减少。（目的）（目的） 9. How can anyone hope to be a qualified teacher, who doesnt know what the students are thinking and demanding? 一个教师如果不知道他的学生在想什么，一个教师如果不知道他的学生在想什么， 需要什么，怎需要什么，怎能指望成为一个合格的教师呢？条件）能指望成为一个合格的教师呢？条件）Translation of Attributive Clauses 10. Electronic computers, which have many advan
31、tages, cant carry out creative work and completely replace people. 尽管电子计算机有很多优点，尽管电子计算机有很多优点， 但是它们不能进行创造性但是它们不能进行创造性的工作，也不能代替人。（让步）的工作，也不能代替人。（让步） 11. I knocked at the door of the red house, which opened right away. （结果）（结果） 我敲了敲那座红房子的门，那门就立即开了。我敲了敲那座红房子的门，那门就立即开了。 D译成状语从句译成状语从句:II. Translation of A
32、ttributive Clauses1.Light travels in straight lines, which explains why shadows are formed when it goes past an object. 光以直线传播， 这这说明光经过物体时形成阴影的原因。2.To find the pressure we divide the force by the area on which it presses, which gives us the force per unit area. 要求压强， 则把力除以它所作用的面积，从而从而得出单位面积上的力。3Meta
33、ls have many good properties, as has been stated before. 金属有很多良好的性能， 这这在前面已经讲了。4As is known to us, diesel engines are cheaper to run than gasoline engines. 正如我们所知正如我们所知， 使用柴油机比使用汽油机便宜。E.特种定语从句的翻译特种定语从句的翻译II. Translation of Attributive Clauses 5 He is a professor, as is clear from his manner. 他是个教授，这
34、可以从他的举止上明显地看出来。 6.They turned a deaf ear to our demands, which enraged all of us. 他们对我们的要求置之不理， 这是我们大家都十分生气。 7.The thief, who was about to escape, was caught by the policemen. 小偷正要逃跑时， 被警察给抓住了。II. Translation of Attributive ClausesE.特种定语从句的翻译特种定语从句的翻译III. Translation of Adverbial ClausesA.前置译法前置译法 1
35、While she spoke, tears were running down. 她说话时， 泪水直流。 2Please turn off the light when you leave the room. 离屋时请关灯。 3Wherever there is matter, there is motion. 哪里有物质， 哪里就有运动。III. Translation of Adverbial Clauses 4It was better in case they were captured. 要是把他们捉到了，那就更好了。 5While I grant his honesty, I s
36、uspect his memory. 虽然我对他的诚实没有异议， 但我对他的记忆力却感 到怀疑。 6No matter what misfortune befell him, he always squared his shoulders and said: “Never mind, Ill work harder.” 不管他遭受什么不幸事儿， 他总是把胸一挺， 说： “没关 系， 我再加把劲。” A.前置译法前置译法III. Translation of Adverbial Clauses 7 The value of health is not esteemed until it is l
37、ost. 人要到失去了健康，才知道健康的可贵。 8Though I were starving, I would not ask a favor of him. 我纵然饿死，也不去向他求助。A.前置译法前置译法III. Translation of Adverbial ClausesB.后置译法后置译法 1The steel is heated until it becomes red. 将钢加热到发红。 2We should start early so that we might get there before noon. 我们应该早点动身， 以便中午前赶到那里。I could unde
38、rstand his point of view, in that Id been in a similar position.我能够理解他的观点， 因为我自己也有过类似的处境。III. Translation of Adverbial ClausesB.后置译法后置译法4Electricity flows through a wire just as water flows through a pipe. 电流通过导线，正像水流过管子一样。5You can drive tonight if you are ready. 你今晚可以出车， 如果你愿意的话。（这种欧式 句型经借用以后， 已经成了
39、汉语的一种组句方 式， 并为中国读者所接受，但译成这样的句式要 视上下问的语境， 千万不可刻意为之，如使用不 当， 效果截然相反。）III. Translation of Adverbial ClausesC.译成分句 1The tape recorder is so small that you can carry it in your pocket. 这台录音机体积小， 可以把它放在衣袋里。 2They set him free when his ransom had not yet been paid. 他赎金还没有交， 他们就把他放了。 3She sang as she prepare
40、d the experiment. 她一边唱歌， 一边准备实验。III. Translation of Adverbial ClausesC.译成分句 4Because he was convinced of the accuracy of this fact, he stuck to his opinion. 他深信这件事正确可靠，因此坚持己见。 5I still think that you made a mistake while I admit what you say. 就算你说得对，我仍然认为你做错了。 6After all, it did not matter, because
41、in 24 hours, they were going to be free. 反正关系不大， 二十四小时以后他们就要自由了。III. Translation of Adverbial ClausesC.译成分句 7When we were about to get away a police car came to the front door. 我们正准备离开，我们正准备离开， 一辆警车来到前门。一辆警车来到前门。 8Ships were built, and kept thoroughly efficient, so much so that the country remained
42、safe for very many years. 兵舰造出来了，兵舰造出来了， 而且发挥了充分的效能，而且发挥了充分的效能， 国家国家得以多年太平无事。得以多年太平无事。 9Most comets are so dim that they cannot be seen by the naked eye. 大多数慧星都很暗，大多数慧星都很暗， 肉眼是看不见的。肉眼是看不见的。 IV. SummaryA. Translation of Attributive Clauses 1) 译成前置定语译成前置定语(合译法合译法) 2) 译成并列分句（分译法）译成并列分句（分译法） 3) 混合译法混合译法
43、 4) 译成状语从句译成状语从句 5) 特种定语从句的翻译特种定语从句的翻译B. Translation of Adverbial Clauses 1) 前置译法前置译法 2) 后置译法后置译法 3) 译成分句译成分句1. Sentences translation in your handouts2. Passages translation in your handoutsV. Assignments 1.古约编著古约编著. 挑战翻译挑战翻译. 西安：西安： 西安交通大学出版社，西安交通大学出版社，2008 2.范仲英编著范仲英编著. 实用翻译教程（第一版）实用翻译教程（第一版）. 北京：外北京：外语教学与研究出版社，语教学与研究出版社，2005. 3. 郝丽萍等编著郝丽萍等编著. 实用英汉翻译理论与实践（第一实用英汉翻译理论与实践（第一版）版）. 北京：机械工业出版社，北京：机械工业出版社，2006. 4.叶子南著叶子南著. 高级英汉翻译理论与实践（第一版）高级英汉翻译理论与实践（第一版）. 北京：清华大学出版社，北京：清华大学出版社，2001. 5. 陈秋劲编著陈秋劲编著. 英汉互译理论与实践（第一版）英汉互译理论与实践（第一版）. 湖湖北：武汉大学出版社，北：武汉大学出版社，2005. VI. References for further readingThe End
