1、A Basic Course in Writing英语写作基础教程贵州医科大学贵州医科大学雷妍雷妍 Chapter oneManuscript Form and Punctuation(文稿格式和标点符号)一、Manuscript Form n1. Arrangement n2. Word divisionn3. Capitalizationn4. Handwriting 一、Manuscript Form n1. Arrangementn(1). two centimeters at the topn(2). two centimeters at the bottomn(3).one and
2、 a half centimeters on the leftn(4).one and a half centimeters on the right 1. Arrangement 一、Manuscript Form 一、Manuscript Form 1. Arrangement一、Manuscript Form n1. Arrangement (title) n(5). The title or topic should be placed in the middle of the first line. n(6). Every word of the title (including w
3、ords following hyphens in compound words) should be capitalized, except articles, preposition, coordinating conjunctions and infinitives. n(7) The first or last word of the title should be capitalized. 一、Manuscript Form n1. Arrangement (title) nExamplesnMy Impressions of BeijingnThe Wall Between nWh
4、ere Do All the New Words Come From?nWhat Traditions Mean to the ChinesenA clean, Well-Lighted PlacenDifferent Views on Jane EyrenInterpretations of Robert Frosts Fire and Ice Task 1 : Capitalize the following titles (p2)1.where i lived, and what i lived for2.are transgenic crops safe?3.well-known dr
5、amatists of the ming dynasty4.a day to remember5.approaches to teaching english as a foreign language6.criticisms on the ending of mark twains adventures of huckleberry finn一、Manuscript Form1. Arrangement (title) Answers to task 1 1.Where I Lived, and What I Lived For 2.Are Transgenic Crops Safe?3.W
6、ell-Known Dramatists of the Ming Dynasty4.A Day to Remember5.Approaches to Teaching English as a Foreign Language6.Criticisms on the Ending of Mark Twains Adventures of Huckleberry Finn一、Manuscript Form n1. Arrangement n(8). The first line of every paragraph should be indented (started after a space
7、 of four or five letters)n (9). Arabic numerals are generally used for paging. They can be put either in the upper right-hand corner or in the middle below the last line of every page. 1. Arrangement(10) attention: Never begin with a comma(,),a period(.), a colon(:), a question mark (?), an exclamat
8、ion mark(!)Never ends with 【 “ ( -一、Manuscript Form n2. Word divisionn(1). one syllable cannot be divided 单音节n(2). two or more syllables 双/多音节n a stressed close syllable usually takes a consonant with it dedicate n-le is treated as a syllable people na single letter cannot be put at the end or begin
9、ing of a line evoke, hearty nTwo-letter ending should not be put ar the begining of a line handed harden 一、Manuscript Form n2. Word divisionn(1). one syllable cannot be divided 单音节n(2). two or more syllables 双/多音节ndivisions that may mislead the readers should be avoided layman words nwith hyphens sh
10、ould be divided only at phens broken -hearted two -syllable words with double consonant in the middle are as rule divided between the two consonants struggle ndivisons of proper names should be avoided. Paris一、Manuscript Form 3. Capitalization (1). proper names (2). key words in titles (3). the firs
11、t words of sentences一、Manuscript Form 4. Handwriting (1) little space (about one letter) after a comma, and a slightly bigger space (about two letters) after a full stop. (2) draw a think line through a word to cross out it.(3) write an added word above with a clear sign showing where it is to be in
12、serted. 一、Manuscript Form 二、 Punctuation nThe comma (,)nThe period (.)nThe dash / hyphen (-)nThe semicolon (;)nThe colon (:)nThe question mark (?)nThe exclamation mark (!)nQuotation mark (“”)nParentheses/brackets ()nSquare brackets(【】) (1). A comma is used to join clauses. It is put before the conju
13、nction (and,but, or, for, so, nor, yet )(2). A comma is used after an adverbial clause or phrase.(3). Commas are used to separate a series of words or phrases with the same function in the sentence.1. The Comma (,)二、 Punctuation (4). Nonrestrictive clauses and phrases are Set off by commas.(5). Comm
14、as set off parenthetical elements.(6). In dates, a comma is used to separate the day and the year if the order is month-day-year, no comma need be used If the order is day-month-year.(7). Numbers 1,253,900 53,807,214二、 Punctuation 1. The Comma (,)2. The Period (.) (1). used at the end of a declarati
15、ve sentence, a mildly imperative sentence, and an indirect question(2). Abbreviations U.S.A. a.m.(3). Three spaced periods make the ellipsis mark二、 Punctuation 3. The Dash / Hyphen (-) (1). indicates a break in thought or a change in tone, or a speakers confusion or hesitatione.g. Many people went t
16、here - did you go? (2). indicates an unfinished or interrupted statemente.g. He is making preparations for - For going abroad? 二、 Punctuation 3. The Dash / Hyphen (-) (3). a pair of dashes set off a parenthetical elemente.g. All his belongings - a few articles of clothing and a few books - are here.
17、 (4). introduce a summarizing clause after a series of nounse.g. Bob, Lily, Judy - none of them know where he is.(5) used like quotation marks in a dialogue.(6) introduce subheading and authors after quotation二、 Punctuation Task 2: punctuate the following passages. (P6) 1. most american people are f
18、ond of cats and or dogs it is said that every year they spend about $5.4billion on their pets including $1.5 billion on pet food four times the amount of money they spend on baby food now there are about 100 million dogs and cats in the country the number is still going up rapidly since 12 500 puppi
19、es are born every hour二、 Punctuation 1.Most American people are fond of cats and/ or dogs. It is said that every year they spend about $5.4billion on their pets, including $1.5 billion on pet food -four times the amount of money they spend on baby food. Now there are about 100 million dogs and cats
20、in the country; the number is still going up rapidly since 12 500 puppies are born every hour.Answers to task 24. The Semicolon (;) (1). between two coordinate clauses which are not linked by a conjunction. (2). conjunctive adverbs(3). used with conjunctions when the clauses contain internal punctua
21、tion.e.g. He wrote a few good books when he was young and poor; but after he became famous and rich, he wrote nothing wroth reading. 二、 Punctuation 4. The Semicolon (;) (4). separate a series of items with internal commase.g. Among those who joined the discussion were Miss Wu, a well-known writer; M
22、r. Li, editor of the literary supplement of the local newspaper; Dr. Qian, a professor of literary criticism; and Ms. Sun, a famous historian. 二、 Punctuation 5. The Colon (:) (1). introduce a quotation or a statement(2) introduce an explanation, a summary or an appositive(3) used between hour and th
23、e minute to show the time8:30 二、 Punctuation 2. its 745 on tuesday morning and 26 year old steve clerkson is going to work he puts on his jacket and picks up his cell phone paper and laptop as he leaves the house he turns on his mp3 player and put on his headphones he is ready to go二、 Punctuation Ta
24、sk 2: punctuate the following passages. (P6) 2. Its 7:45 on Tuesday morning and 26-year-old Steve Clerkson is going to work. He puts on his jacket and picks up his cell phone, paper, and laptop. As he leaves the house, he turns on his MP3 player and put on his headphones. He is ready to go.Answers t
25、o task 26. The Question Mark (?) (1). used after a direct question(2) after a statement turned into a question e.g. You like it? (3) put between parentheses indicates the writers uncertainty about the correctness of the preceding word , figure, or date. e.g. Cao Xueqin, was born in an aristocratic f
26、amily in 1715 (?), and died in poverty in 1764(?). 二、 Punctuation 7. The Exclamation Mark (!) (1). used after an exclamatory sentence, or an emphatic interjection, or a phrase expressing strong emotion.(2) Sometimes the exclamation mark is used after a slogan. 二、 Punctuation 8. The Quotation Marks (
27、“ ”) (1). double quotation marks: enclose direct quotations (indirect quotation are not enclosed by quotations marks)(2). single quotation marks: enclose a quotation within a quotation e.g. The professor said, “Confucius says, Do not impose on others what you do not desire yourself. This is a very g
28、ood principle of moral conduct. ”二、 Punctuation 8. The Quotation Marks (“ ”) (3). used for titles and headings (4). used for words with special meaning(5) when other marks are quoted: - the comma and the period may be placed either inside or outside the quotation marks- the colon and the semicolon p
29、laced outside the quotation marks- the dash, the question mark and exclamation mark are placed according to the meaning of the sentence.二、 Punctuation I dialed a number and the phone rang once twice then someone picked it up you got the wrong number a husky voice snapped before the line went dead my
30、stified I dialed again二、 Punctuation Task 3: punctuate the following passages. (P13)I said you got the wrong number came thevoice once more the phone clicked in my earhow could he possibly know I had a wrongnumber at that time, I worked for the New YorkCity Police Department a cop is trained to becu
31、rious and concerned so I dialed a third time二、 Punctuation Task 3: punctuate the following passages. (P13)hey come on the man said is this you againyeah its me I answered I was wondering how you knew I had the wrong number before I even said anythingyou figure it out the phone slammed down二、 Punctua
32、tion Task 3: punctuate the following passages. (P13)I sat there for a short time the receiver hangingloosely in my fingers I called the man backso you have figured it out he askedthe only thing I can think of is eh nobody evercalls youyou got it the phone went dead for the fourthtime Chuckling I dia
33、led the man back二、 Punctuation Task 3: punctuate the following passages. (P13)what do you want now he asked.I thought Id call just to say Hellohello whywell if nobody ever calls you I thought maybe I shouldokay hello who is this二、 Punctuation Task 3: punctuate the following passages. (P13)at last I
34、had got through now it was his turn tobe curious I told him who I was and asked whohe was my names Adolf Meth Im 88 years old and Ihavent had this many wrong numbers in oneday in 20 years we both laughedin this way we became phone friends二、 Punctuation Task 3: punctuate the following passages. (P13)
35、I dialed a number and the phone rangonce twice, then someone picked it up.“You got the wrong number,” a husky voicesnapped before the line went dead. Mystified Idialed again.Answers to task 3“I said, You got the wrong number.”came thevoice once more. The phone clicked in my ear.How could he possibly
36、 know I had a wrongnumber? At that time, I worked for the New YorkCity Police Department. A cop is trained to becurious and concerned, so I dialed a third time.Answers to task 3“Hey! Come on,” the man said, “is this youagain?”“Yeah, its me,” I answered, “I was wonderinghow you knew I had the wrong n
37、umber before Ieven said anything.”“You figure it out,” the phone slammed down.Answers to task 3I sat there for a short time, the receiver hangingloosely in my fingers. I called the man back.“So you have figured it out?” he asked.“The only thing I can think of is: eh,nobody evercalls you.”“You got it
38、,” the phone went dead for the fourthtime. Chuckling I dialed the man back.Answers to task 3“What do you want now?” he asked.“I thought Id call just to say Hello!.”“Hello, why?”“Well, if nobody ever calls you, I thought maybeI should.”“Okay, hello, who is this?”Answers to task 3At last, I had got through. Now it was his turn tobe curious. I told him who I was and asked whohe was. “My names Adolf Meth. Im 88 years old, and Ihavent had thismany wrong numbers in oneday in 20 years,” we both laughed.In this way, we became phone friends.Answers to task 3nThank you !
