1、 Part I Manuscript Form1. How to write a correct title?Write the title in the middle of first line. No period ( full stop) is used at the end of a title. Capitalize the first letter in the first and last words of the title and all other key words including words following hyphens in compound words,
2、except articles (a, an, the) coordinating conjunctions (and, but) short prepositions (in, on, for, at, of, to, etc), and the to in infinitives. Pride And Prejudice a Tale of Two Cities The Duchess My Dad, the Drummer Sunday in the Park Rules to Abide By Use a question mark if the title is a direct q
3、uestion, but do not use it for an indirect question. (Do You Like It?/I Dont Know Do You Like It) Use quotation marks with quotes or titles of articles, essays, short stories, short poems, songs, etc. , and for chapters or subdivisions of books. Use italics or underlining with names of books, period
4、icals, newspapers, plays, long poems, movies, operas, etc. Italics V.S. Underlining Eg. Dickens and David Copperfield or David Copperfield What Can the Artist Do in the World of Today? What Reform Means to China The Myth of a “Negro Literature” The English-Speaking People in Quebec Jewetts Short Sto
5、ry “A White Heron” 5.THE MAIN DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MY COLLEGE LIFE AND MIDDLE SCHOOL LIFE (1996) 6. MORE PRESSURE FROM ACADEMIC STUDIES DOES (DOES NO) GOOD TO US (1997) 7. ONE WAY TO SOLVE AIR POLLUTION(1998) 8. A MAJOR ADVANTAGE / DISADVANTAGE OF ADVERTISING ON TELEVISION (1999)Lesson Three Capitaliz
6、ation & Punctuation MarksPart I Capitalization1. Capitals are used mainly for three palces: The first word of a complete sentence Eg. As far as Im concerned, college students shouldnt hire cleaners. Words in titles The Importance Of Keeping A Good Mood (?) Proper names Zhangzhou Normal University Fu
7、jian Provincial GovernmewntPart II Punctuation MarksContents: 句号（Full Stop / Period） 问号（Question Mark） 感叹号（Exclamation Mark） 逗号（Comma） 冒号（Colon） 分号（Semicolon） 连字符（Hyphen） 破折号（Dash） 引号（Quotation Marks） 省略号（Ellipsis）II. The Importance of using punctuation correctly In China, there are lots of good exa
8、mples of using punctuation with skills. Actually, a complete sentence may have different meaning by putting punctuation marks differently. Eg. 下雨天留客天留我不留 无鸡鸭亦可无鱼肉亦可青菜萝卜万不可少不得工钱 有粮不卖给八路吃 满意不满意 我赞成他也赞成你怎么样 In English, similarly, there are also many good examples of skillful use of punctuation. The mos
9、t famous one is as follows: (just outside of a barbers/a hair dressers) WHAT DO YOU THINK I SHAVE YOU FOR NOTHING AND GIVE YOU A DRINKTom says the teacher is a silly donkey. Tom, says the teacher, is a silly donkey. woman without her man is nothing. Woman, without her man, is nothing. Woman! Without
10、 her, man is nothing. III The differences between Chinese punctuations and the English onesperiod ellipsis Quota-tion marksunder-liningitalicscommaEnglish.“ ”ABCABC,Chinese。 “ ” , : 、IV Specific uses of punctuationsThe Comma ( , ) (P 428)A comma is used in a compound sentence before the conjunction
11、or connective (and, but, or, for, nor, so, yet) A comma is used after an adverbial clause or phrase (including a prepositional phrase and a participial phrase) before the subject of the sentence or in the middle of the sentence. 1. （When you believe in yourself, you can achieve a better result.）(3)
12、Commas are used to separate a series of words or phrase having the same function in the sentence. We like fruits, such as pineapple, pomelo, etc. (4) Nonrestrictive clauses and phrases are set off by commas. I mess up the exam, which makes me very disappointed. The girl in blue, who is the monitor,
13、is popular in the party. (5) Commas set off parenthetical elements.2. The Period ( . ) (P 432)A period is used at the end of a declarative sentence, a mildly imperative sentence, and an indirect question. A period is used with most abbreviations.Eg. etc. a.m. / p.m. U.S.A Co. J.K.Rowling (1) 问号（问号（Q
14、uestion Mark） 用于疑问句或语气较委婉的祈使句之后。用于疑问句或语气较委婉的祈使句之后。 用来表示存疑或无把握。用来表示存疑或无把握。 用于陈述句之后表示疑问。用于陈述句之后表示疑问。 表示强调表示强调。 Eg. I have told you not to touch that new machine. Havent I told you not to touch that new machine?感叹号（感叹号（Exclamation Mark） 表示感慨、惊讶、命令、哀怨、赞赏、决心等。表示感慨、惊讶、命令、哀怨、赞赏、决心等。 用于感叹词之后。用于感叹词之后。 How ti
15、me flies！ Be quiet! Oh! Fire! Please leave alone! What a girl! What？A girl！冒号（冒号（Colon） 冒号用于对后面内容的介绍或解释冒号用于对后面内容的介绍或解释 用于一个正式的引用之前。用于一个正式的引用之前。 也可用于商业或正式也可用于商业或正式信函的称谓后面信函的称谓后面. 冒号用于数字时间的表示冒号用于数字时间的表示. 冒号用于主标题和副标题之间冒号用于主标题和副标题之间. This is her plan: go shopping. The professor said: “It was horrible.”
16、4:45 p.m./4.45 Web Directory: World and Non-U.S. Economic Data 分号（分号（Semicolon） 用于并列分句之间。用于并列分句之间。 分隔已经有逗号分割的成分，以免导致歧分隔已经有逗号分割的成分，以免导致歧义。义。 用于由用于由for example, for instance, namely, that is (to say), in fact, i.e.,等词语引导的等词语引导的句子之前。句子之前。 Your bike is new; mine is old. His sister is a busy girl; in fac
17、t, she works harder than he does.连字符（连字符（Hyphen） 用于某些前缀后和构成复合词。用于某些前缀后和构成复合词。 Job-hunting, X-ray, Hip-hop, 合成形容词合成形容词 a five-year-old boy, a man-eating animal, a we-hate-homework club 用于移行用于移行, 一般按音节间断开单词加连字号（例一般按音节间断开单词加连字号（例如：如：ha-ppy,不可断为不可断为hap-py）,或根据发音或根据发音,不要把单个字母留在行尾或行首。注意一页中最不要把单个字母留在行尾或行首。
18、注意一页中最后一个单词不能使用连字号将其置于两页。后一个单词不能使用连字号将其置于两页。破折号（破折号（Dash） 用于话语突然中断、意思转折或犹豫不决。用于话语突然中断、意思转折或犹豫不决。 用作解释。用作解释。 用于被强调部分。用于被强调部分。 引出概括性词语或表示引文出处。引出概括性词语或表示引文出处。 用于两地名或两时间之间，相当于连字号。用于两地名或两时间之间，相当于连字号。 “Id like to,” he said, “but Im ” Money, fame, power these are his goals in life. What he needed most he n
19、ever got love. London New York flight引号（引号（Quotation Marks） 引用书面或口头的直接引语。引用书面或口头的直接引语。 引用事物的名称。引用事物的名称。 引用俚语、反语、定义、词形等。引用俚语、反语、定义、词形等。 引用对话。引用对话。 表示强调。表示强调。 Bob said, “Lets meet at my house next time.” How do you spell the word “souvenir”? “Did you have a great time last night?”省略号（省略号（Ellipsis） 表示词
20、语或句子的有意省略。表示词语或句子的有意省略。 表示断断续续、停顿、犹豫不决。表示断断续续、停顿、犹豫不决。 表示没有说完的话语。表示没有说完的话语。 用以分割词组，加强语气。用以分割词组，加强语气。 “Tell mother I died for my country.” “I dont know I dont know.” Do it soon Do it today Do it now.英语中的某些标点符号为汉语所没有。英语中的某些标点符号为汉语所没有。 撇号-Apostrophe（） 连字号-Hyphen（-） 斜线号Virgule or Slash（/）：该符号主要起分割作用。 It
21、 could be for staff and / or students. 也常用于标音，如bed /bed/。 请把下面这封信加上不同的标点，使其具有两种请把下面这封信加上不同的标点，使其具有两种不同意义的内容：不同意义的内容： Dear John, I want a man who knows what love is all about you are generous kind and thoughtful people who are not like you admit to being useless and inferior you have ruined me for ot
22、her men I yearn for you I have no feelings whatsoever when we are apart I can be forever happy will you let me be yours Mary 请把下面这封信加上不同的标点，使其具有请把下面这封信加上不同的标点，使其具有两种不同意义的内容：两种不同意义的内容： Dear John, I want a man who knows what love is all about. You are generous, kind, and thoughtful. People who are not
23、 like you admit to being useless and inferior. You have ruined me for other men. I yearn for you. I have no feelings whatsoever when we are apart. I can be forever happy will you let me be yours？ Mary 请把下面这封信加上不同的标点，使其具有两种请把下面这封信加上不同的标点，使其具有两种不同意义的内容：不同意义的内容： Dear John, I want a man who knows what love is. All about you are generous, kind, and thoughtful people, who are not like you. Admit to being useless and inferior. You have ruined me. For other men, I yearn. For you, I have no feelings whatsoever. When we are apart, I can be forever happy. Will you let me be ? yours, Mary
