1、1 /GE / June 3, 2022超声波的概念与书语及超声波流量计测量的原理PT878液体超声波流量计的组成PT878液体超声波流量计安装考虑因素PT878液体超声波流量计的故障判断PT878液体超声波流量计的操作2 /GE / June 3, 2022超声波的概念与书语频率:次声波 0 to 20 Hz声波 20 Hz to 20 kHz (Human hearing)超声波 20 kHz超声波的概念超声波的概念3 /GE / June 3, 2022传感器工作原理 传感器电能 机械能机械能 电能压电晶体的变化每个传感器能发射和接受VVVVVV发射接收4 /GE / June 3, 2
2、022超声波流量计原理：时差法超声波流量计原理：时差法 传感器既发送信号又接收 信号V tup = 超声波被流体减速 tdn = 超声波被流体加速tuptdnttupdn tttupdn=-DtPc-Vsinup=qtPc+Vsindn=qVqLP 声信号传播时间逆流传播, tup顺流传播, tdn5 /GE / June 3, 2022VqLP声速 c = Ptavg, ttt2avg = dnup+Q = Velocity AreaQ = V A体积流量tt tttupdnupdn=-DtPc-VsintPc+Vsinupdn=qq流速 V C2L2 t超声波流量计原理：时差法超声波流量计
3、原理：时差法6 /GE / June 3, 2022夹装式传感器 折射原理 Snells Lawcsincsincsin112233qqq=c1= 传感器内传播速度c2= 管壁的传播速度c3= 流体内的传播速度S = 传感器的间距c1q q1c2q q2q q3c3LSW.T.Classic “clamp-on” approach7 /GE / June 3, 2022PT878液体超声波流量计的组成1主机传感器信号线充电器红外线转RS232测厚探头偶合剂仪器包8 /GE / June 3, 2022PT878液体超声波流量计的组成21.OKS传感器夹具2.CRS和CPT传感器夹具3.CF-L
4、P传感器夹具9 /GE / June 3, 2022所配传感器的特性及用途传感器代码型号C-RS402C-RS401C-PT116CF-LP 23OKSSpecial(91)形状频率1.0 MHz0.5 MHz1.0 MHz4.0 MHz2.0 MHz发射角度42423559.5传播时间17.320.327.55.85传播速度24842484 2674.6332810 /GE / June 3, 2022传感器选用原则1.温度要求.2.信号要求.导声较差的介质和大的管道选择低频探头.3.精度要求.频率越高精度越高.2寸以下一般用CF-LP探头.11 /GE / June 3, 2022管道要求
5、1.直管段要求:前10后5.即在传感器安装位置前10倍直径长度和后5倍的直径长度无弯头,阀门等引起流体扰动的装置.2.准确测量管经外径周长或直径.3.确定管道材质和壁厚及接触温度.4.确定是否有内衬及种类和厚度.12 /GE / June 3, 2022介质要求1.已列出的介质直接选择2.未列出的介质需输入声速或选择跟踪窗口测试3.确定声速的目的是在窗口中央将信号检出.END OF TRANSMITGOOD SNRWINDOW13 /GE / June 3, 2022安装方式1.根据管道大小和信号强度选择安装方式A.单声程:大管道和复杂应用B:双声程:首选方式,安装简单.C:多声程:小管道,信
6、号特强.安装位置:水平管道 3点和9点位置 垂直管道必须是介质向上流14 /GE / June 3, 2022测量管道的直径和壁厚一般在传感器安装位置测量五个直径,平均值用超声波测厚仪测量八个点的厚度,取平均值15 /GE / June 3, 2022单声程传感器的安装(侧视)16 /GE / June 3, 2022单声程传感器的安装(侧视)17 /GE / June 3, 2022单声程传感器的安装(侧视)18 /GE / June 3, 2022单声程传感器的安装(侧视)19 /GE / June 3, 2022单声程传感器的安装(俯视)20 /GE / June 3, 2022单声程传
7、感器的安装(俯视)21 /GE / June 3, 2022双声程传感器的安装(侧视)22 /GE / June 3, 202223 /GE / June 3, 2022双声程传感器的安装(侧视)24 /GE / June 3, 2022双声程传感器的安装(俯视)25 /GE / June 3, 2022双声程传感器的安装(俯视)26 /GE / June 3, 2022传感器的安装27 /GE / June 3, 2022传感器的安装28 /GE / June 3, 202229 /GE / June 3, 2022校准1.标定后输入校验系数2.雷诺数修正.Re=雷诺数 #V=流体流速ID=
8、内径=运动粘度(ft2/sec or m2/sec)k= 11.1190.011 l og ReRe-Re =VID absolute viscosityfluid density=30 /GE / June 3, 2022进行信号诊断介质充满管道后需检测的参数和信号流向是否正常信号强度SSup;SSdn 声速SNSP波型等根据诊断参数调整有关输入参数得到准确结果31 /GE / June 3, 2022进行信号诊断信号强度SSup;SSdn 50-55偏低可能不稳定 55-60 低一点,可以接受 60-65 好 65-75 非常好 75-99 信号饱和,分辨率可能降低 0.电缆线开路 100
9、.控制器故障声速SNSP应在合理范围内.如水1500m/s左右 32 /GE / June 3, 2022进行信号诊断错误代码E0: 无错误E1: 信号太低E2:声速错误E3: 流速超出范围E4: 信号质量太差E5:流速变化太大 33 /GE / June 3, 2022FeaturesLarge, Backlit LCDSimplified KeypadGraphical User Interface (GUI)Faster Update RateImproved Peak DetectionLarger, more powerful Data LoggerXML-format Site F
10、ilesFlash memory Simple UpgradesPT878 Ultrasonic FlowmeterIrDA - compatible wireless data transferUp to 11 hours run time per charge34 /GE / June 3, 2022LCD Display240 x 200 resolutionRoom for 1 to 4 measurementsLarge signal waveform displaysWhite EL BacklightPT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter35 /GE / June
11、3, 2022LCD Display240 x 200 resolutionRoom for 1 to 4 measurementsLarge signal waveform displaysWhite EL BacklightPT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter36 /GE / June 3, 2022KeypadRubberized keysClick actionSimple universal layoutSoft Function KeysPT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter37 /GE / June 3, 2022Graphical UserInte
12、rface (GUI)Keeps related information togetherAll choices visible at the same timePT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter38 /GE / June 3, 2022GUI ControlsMenus Related items grouped together Use to move through choices Use to change menus Press Enter to selectPT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter39 /GE / June 3, 2022GUI Con
13、trolsTabs Quick access to related forms Use to select form Press Enter to open the formPT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter40 /GE / June 3, 2022GUI ControlsButtons Selects between mutually exclusive choices Use to select button Press Enter to activatePT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter41 /GE / June 3, 2022PT878 Ultras
14、onic FlowmeterGUI ControlsLists Choose from all applicable settings Use to move one item Use to scroll the list42 /GE / June 3, 2022PT878 Ultrasonic FlowmeterGUI ControlsNumeric Entry Press Enter to begin entering digits Press to erase a digit Press Esc to cancel and restore original value Press Ent
15、er to accept the new valueValues can be entered or displayed in either Metric or English units without having to change meter defaults43 /GE / June 3, 2022PT878 Ultrasonic FlowmeterGUI ControlsCheck Boxes Used to turn an option: On Off Press Enter to toggle44 /GE / June 3, 2022GUI ControlsFunction K
16、eys Change according to form or menu active Press F1, F2, or F3 to selectPT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter45 /GE / June 3, 2022GUI ControlsLocale-Specific Change date, time, and decimal formats for local custom: MM/DD/YYYY DD-MM-YYYY YYYY-MM-DD 11:59 PM 23:59 123.45 123,45PT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter46 /GE /
17、 June 3, 2022Data Logger1 Megabyte storage 100,000 recordsFrom 1 to 12 items per logMultiple logs can run simultaneouslyLog interval from 1 second to 99 minutesProgrammable Start and End Date/TimeCyclic LogsError logsPT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter47 /GE / June 3, 2022Flash MemoryInstall new program in m
18、inutes over IRNo EPROMs to changePT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter48 /GE / June 3, 2022IrDA - Compatible WirelessCommunicationsInfrared data transferUp to 115KbpsUp to 1 meter rangeDrag & Drop file transfersAutomatic No settings No cable adapters requiredPT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter49 /GE / June 3, 2022Batte
19、ryNiMH rechargeable 9 to11 hour run time (longer than NiCd) 6 hour recharge None of the memory problems associated with NiCd Fewer charge cycles than NiCd NiCd performs better in cold NiCd or disposable AA alkaline cells can be used instead of NiMHPT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter50 /GE / June 3, 2022Batte
20、ryContinuous battery level gauge Simple icon indicates chargeUniversal charger 100-250VACPT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter51 /GE / June 3, 2022BatteryRun time up to 11 hours, depending on features selected.Run time is reduced by: Prolonged use of the backlight Loop-powered 4-20mA transmitters High resistan
21、ce loads on 4-20mA outputRun time is increased by: Using Sleep modePT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter52 /GE / June 3, 2022PT878 Ultrasonic FlowmeterEnvironmentalMeets IP67 rating Withstands submersion in waterDurable polymer boot Prevents damage if dropped Integrated wire stand53 /GE / June 3, 2022PT878 Ult
22、rasonic FlowmeterMeter Setup Select Units Select Transducer Select Pipe Select Lining Select Fluid Adjust Path Correction FactorsA.Save to a Site54 /GE / June 3, 2022PT878 Ultrasonic FlowmeterSelect UnitsThe PT878 can default to either Metric or English units. From the Meter menu, select Units. Pres
23、s OK to use the new settings.55 /GE / June 3, 2022PT878 Ultrasonic FlowmeterSelect TransducerSelect Wetted or Clamp-onChoose Transducer from List List only shows applicable transducers All parameters filled in automaticallyChoose SPECIAL to enter customer parameters Allows each parameter to be speci
24、fied56 /GE / June 3, 2022PT878 Ultrasonic FlowmeterSelect PipeSelect Pipe Material from List Pipe Sound Speed automatically filled in Select OTHER for unlisted material Enter Sound SpeedEnter Dimensions Outer Diameter (OD) or Circumference (ODxPI) Wall thickness57 /GE / June 3, 2022PT878 Ultrasonic
25、FlowmeterSelect PipeIf pipe material has a schedule, ID can be used to automatically enter dimensions.Uses ANSI (English) or DIN (metric) schedule.Schedule Materials: Stainless Steel Carbon Steel Cast Iron PVC CPVC58 /GE / June 3, 2022PT878 Ultrasonic FlowmeterSelect LiningChoose lining material fro
26、m list, or Other to specifyLining option is not available when using Wetted transducers59 /GE / June 3, 2022PT878 Ultrasonic FlowmeterSelect FluidEnable/Disable Tracking Windows Use for fluids with unknown or highly variable sound speed Specify minimum and maximum soundspeedChoose fluid from list or
27、 Other for unlisted fluid If fluid not listed, specify the nominal soundspeed only60 /GE / June 3, 2022PT878 Ultrasonic FlowmeterSelect FluidFor Energy applications with water as fluid, specify the % Glycol concentration61 /GE / June 3, 2022Adjust PathFor clamp-on, Path length P and Axial length L a
28、re automatically calculated.Select the number of traverses.Spacing is automatically recalculated.Spacing can be changed by entering a new value.PT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter62 /GE / June 3, 2022Finish UpYour changes will not take effect until you: Press OK to keep all changesPress CANCEL to discard all
29、 changesPT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter63 /GE / June 3, 2022Correction FactorsReynolds Correction Use a single value for Kinetic Viscosity (K/V). Table option is not availablePT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter64 /GE / June 3, 2022Correction FactorsK-Factor Correction Use a single value for K-Factor multiplier Us
30、e a Table to relate K-Factor to another measure. Only Velocity can be used to interpolate the K-Factor.PT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter65 /GE / June 3, 2022Save to a Site FileTo keep the new settings, you must save them to a Site File: Choose Save Now to replace the settings in the current site. Choose Ma
31、nager to create a new site.PT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter66 /GE / June 3, 2022Site ManagerUse the Site Manager to: Save settings to a new site. Use and existing site. Delete sites. Rename sites. Print or Transfer sites.PT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter67 /GE / June 3, 2022Site ManagerOpen the Site Manager menu
32、 by pressing Menu, Enter.Choose Save As to name the site and store it.PT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter68 /GE / June 3, 2022Site ManagerEnter a file name of up to 8 characters: Use arrows to move around the grid. Press Enter to select the character. Use Delete to erase a character. Press OK when done.Hint:
33、 A descriptive Site Message can be entered from the Site MenuPT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter69 /GE / June 3, 2022Site FilesUp to 32 sites stored in PT878Can be transferred to/from PC for unlimited capacity Software versions need to match to ensure compatibilityXML* Format Files print as shown hereSome ou
34、tputs are coded Set-ups are best viewed through a meter Site Files should not be edited with a PC or laptop*eXtensible Markup Language PT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter70 /GE / June 3, 2022DiagnosticsDisplay all Diagnostics Simultaneously Select “Diagnostics” in the Service Menu Press EnterPT878 Ultrasonic
35、 Flowmeter71 /GE / June 3, 2022DiagnosticsAll Diagnostics viewed simultaneously Easy and efficient analysisPT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter72 /GE / June 3, 2022NoteThe above presentation reflects PT878 Instrument Program INST.001.J and ECO 4958 New functionality and capabilities Minor changes in menus All meters with serial # 1294 and above will include these modifications Meters with serial # 1293 and lower can be upgraded (consult the factory)PT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter谢谢你的阅读v知识就是财富v丰富你的人生
